Timeline of Milan

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Milan, Italy.

BC era

• 222 BC - Romans conquer Mediolanum.[1]

3rd–8th centuries

• 3rd century AD - Roman Catholic diocese of Milan established.[2]
• 286 AD - Western Roman Empire capital moves from Rome to Mediolanum.[1]
• 313 - Edict of Milan.
• 370 - Basilica of San Lorenzo consecrated.
• 379 - Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio consecrated.
• 382 - San Nazaro in Brolo construction begins.
• 402 - City besieged by Visigoths.
• 452 - City besieged by Huns.
• 538 - City sacked by Ostrogoths.
• 569 - Lombards conquer city.
• 774 - Milan surrenders to the Franks.

11th century

• 1045 - Milan adopts the commune form of local city-state government.[3]

12th–14th centuries

Ground was broken for Milan Cathedral in 1386

• 1162 - Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa seizes and destroys the city.
• 1183 - Milan returns to the commune form of government.[4]
• 1233 - Palazzo della Ragione built.
• 1259 - Milan is ruled as a Signoria with the Della Torre family ruling as Signores.[4]
• 1277
  • The Battle of Desio is fought between the Della Torre and Visconti families for the control of Milan.
  • The Visconti family emerges as the victors at Desio and begin their rule of Milan as the Signores.
• 1302 - Guido della Torre deposes Matteo I Visconti as the Signore.
• 1311 - Henry VII restores Matteo I Visconti as the Signore.
• 1336 - Public clock installed.[5]
• 1381 - Chiesa di Santa Maria alla Scala built.
• 1386 - Milan Cathedral begins construction.
• 1395 - Milan is formally elevated to a Duchy when Wenceslaus IV titles Gian Galeazzo Visconti the Duke of Milan.[6]

15th–16th centuries

• 1447
  • The death of Filippo Maria Visconti (1392–1447) ends more than two centuries of Visconti rule in Milan.[7]
  • The House of Sforza takes power.[8]
  • The Golden Ambrosian Republic begins.
• 1456 - Ospedale Maggiore begins construction.
• 1471 - Printing press in operation.[9][10]
• 1482 - Santa Maria delle Grazie built.
• 1493 - Santa Maria presso San Celso begins construction.
• 1496 - Chiesa di Santa Maria della Passione built.
• 1497 - Apicius de re Coquinaria cookbook published.[11]
• 1498 - Leonardo paints The Last Supper in the Santa Maria delle Grazie church.[8]
• 1508 - Santa Maria alla Fontana built.
• 1535 - City becomes part of Habsburg Spain.
• 1562 - Palazzo dei Giureconsulti begins construction.
• 1565 - Casa degli Omenoni built (approximate date).
• 1579 - San Fedele built.
• 1580 - Plague.[12]

17th century

• 1608 - Palazzo del Senato construction begins.
• 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens.
• 1618 - Pinacoteca Ambrosiana opens.
• 1630 - Plague begins.[12][13]
• 1631 - Palazzo Annoni construction begins.
• 1640 - The gazette named Milano was published for the first time.
• 1644 - Palazzo delle Scuole Palatine rebuilt.

18th century

• 1717 - Teatro Regio Ducale built.
• 1761 - Palazzo Litta built.
• 1762 - Madonnina (statue) erected.
• 1774 - Orto Botanico di Brera (garden) established.[14]
• 1776 - Brera Academy founded.
• 1778
  • La Scala inaugurated.
  • Royal Palace of Milan expanded.
• 1779 - Teatro Lirico built.
• 1784 - Giardini Pubblici Indro Montanelli established.
• 1785 - The newspaper Il Corriere di Gabinetto - Gazzetta di Milano was published for the first time.
• 1786
  • Biblioteca di Brera (library) opens.
  • Archivio di Stato di Milano (state archives) established.[15]
• 1793 - Palazzo Serbelloni built.
• 1796 - Milan declared capital of Cisalpine Republic.

19th century

• 1802 - Milan becomes capital of the Napoleonic Italian Republic.[16]
• 1805 - Coronation of Napoleon as King of Italy.[16]
• 1807 - Milan Conservatory established.
• 1808
  • Milan Stock Exchange established.
  • Casa Ricordi music publisher in business.[17]
• 1817 - Caffè Cova in business on Via Monte Napoleone.[11]
• 1820 - Revolutionary Carbonari arrested.[18]
• 1824 - Pasticceria Marchesi in business.[19]
• 1838 - Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano founded.
• 1840 - Milan-Monza railway begins operating.
• 1842 - Premiere of Verdi's opera Nabucco.[20]
• 1848 - Five Days uprising against Austrian Empire.[16]
• 1860
  • Campari in business.[11]
  • Antonio Beretta becomes mayor.
• 1861
  • Milan becomes part of Kingdom of Italy.
  • City hall opens in Palazzo Marino.
• 1863 - Istituto Tecnico Superiore founded.
• 1864 - Stazione di Milano Centrale (1864) opens at Piazza della Repubblica (Milan).
• 1870 - Hoepli publisher in business.
• 1871 - Population: 261,976.[21]
• 1872
  • Pirelli company founded.
  • Ca' de Sass built.
  • Teatro Dal Verme opens.
• 1873 - Società Storica Lombarda (history society) founded.
• 1876
  • Corriere della Sera newspaper begins publication.[22]
  • Trams begin operating.
• 1877 - Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II built.
• 1879
  • Milano Affori railway station and Milano Bovisa-Politecnico railway station open.
  • "Società d'Esplorazione Commerciale in Africa" founded.
• 1881 - Population: 321,839.[23]
• 1883 - Salumi Peck (company) in business.[11][24]
• 1886
  • Breda manufactory in business.
  • German School of Milan founded.
• 1888 - Parco Sempione established.
• 1891 - Camera del Lavoro (labor centre)[24] and Società escursionisti milanesi (hiking club)[25] founded.
• 1894 - Touring Club Italiano established.
• 1896
  • Casa di Riposo per Musicisti founded.
  • Italo Pacchioni creates "first Italian film" Arrivo del treno alla Stazione di Milano.[16][26]
• 1897 - Population: 470,558.[27]
• 1898 - Bava-Beccaris massacre.[16]
• 1899
  • Milan Football and Cricket Club founded.[28]
  • Parini statue erected in Piazza Cordusio.

20th century

1900s–1940s

• 1902 - Bocconi University founded.
• 1903 - Palazzo Castiglioni built.
• 1906
  • Confederazione Generale del Lavoro (labor union) headquartered in Milan.[16]
  • Milan International (1906) world's fair held
  • Simplon Tunnel opens.
  • Casa Campanini built.
  • Population: 560,613.[23]
• 1907 - Turci Calzature (shoe shop) in business.
• 1908 - Internazionale Milano football club founded.[28]
• 1909 - Malpensa Airport established.
• 1911 - Bar Jamaica in business.
• 1912 - Messina tram depot built.
• 1915
  • Castello Cova built.
  • American Chamber of Commerce established.[29][30]
• 1917
  • Galleria Pesaro opens.
  • La Rinascente (shop) in business.[29]
• 1919 - Fascio di Combattimento political group founded.[18]
• 1921
  • Milan Sample Fair begins.[31]
  • Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore established.
• 1922 - Novecento Italiano art movement active.[32]
• 1924 - University of Milan founded.
• 1926 - Stadio San Siro opens.
• 1927 - A. Rizzoli & Co. founded.
• 1930 - Planetario di Milano inaugurated.
• 1931 - Milano Centrale railway station opens.
• 1932 - Palazzo Mezzanotte (stock exchange) built.
• 1933
  • Trolleybuses begin operating.
  • Torre Branca built in Parco Sempione.[33]
• 1934 - Institute for International Political Studies founded.
• 1935 - Villa Necchi Campiglio (residence) built.[34][35]
• 1937 - Linate Airport opens.
• 1939
  • A.C. Milan football club active.[28]
  • Anteo Spazio Cinema opens.[36]
• 1942 - Teatro Smeraldo opens.
• 1945 - 29 April: Corpse of executed Mussolini brought to Piazzale Loreto.[16]
• 1947 - Piccolo Teatro founded.[37]

1950s–1990s

• 1954 - Padiglione d'Arte Contemporanea inaugurated.
• 1955
  • FrancoAngeli publisher in business.
  • Centro di Documentazione Ebraica Contemporanea founded.
• 1956 - Palazzo dell'Arengario built.
• 1958 - Milan Fashion Week begins.
• 1960 - Cinema Ambasciatori opens.[36]
• 1961 - Milan Furniture Fair begins.
• 1962 - Amica fashion magazine in publication.
• 1964 - Milan Metro begins operating.
• 1968 - IULM University of Milan founded.
• 1969 - Piazza Fontana bombing.[18]
• 1974 - Quelli di Grock theatre troupe founded.
• 1975 - Armani fashion house founded.
• 1979 - MIP- Politecnico di Milano School of Management formed.
• 1980
  • Plastic (nightclub) opens.
  • Parco Alessandrini inaugurated.
• 1982 - Domus Academy established.
• 1985 - Dolce & Gabbana fashion house founded.
• 1986 - Class Editori founded.
• 1987
  • MF Milano Finanza newspaper begins publication.
  • Massimo De Carlo art gallery opens.
• 1990
  • Milan Metro Line 3 begins operating.[38]
  • Parco Agricolo Sud Milano established.
• 1991
  • Viafarini (art entity) established.[39]
  • 10 Corso Como in business.[40]
• 1995 - Documentation Center for Visual Arts founded.[39]
• 1996 - Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Trussardi Foundation established.
• 1997 - Milan Passante railway begins operating.
• 1998 - University of Milan Bicocca established.
• 1999 - Malpensa Express begins operating.

21st century

• 2001
  • 23 May: 2001 UEFA Champions League Final held in Milan.[28]
  • 8 October: Linate Airport disaster.[16]
  • City website online (approximate date).[41]
  • O’artoteca (art organization) founded.[39]
• 2002
  • Orto Botanico di Cascina Rosa established.
  • Teatro degli Arcimboldi opens.
• 2004
  • Gruppo A12 architects active.
  • Bulgari Hotel in business.
• 2006
  • Lettera27 headquartered in Milan.
  • Letizia Moratti becomes mayor.[42]
• 2008
  • BikeMi launched.
  • Ecopass congestion charge begins.
• 2009
  • Peep Hole[39] and Cardi Black Box art gallery active.[43]
  • Homeless World Cup football contest held.
• 2010 - Population: 1,315,803.[44]
• 2011 - Giuliano Pisapia becomes mayor.[45]
• 2012
  • Portello Park inaugurated.[46]
  • Milan Area C congestion charge begins, replacing Ecopass.
  • Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori high-speed train service begins operating, connecting Milan to Naples via Rome.[47]
• 2013 - Population: 1,262,101 municipality; 3,075,083 province.[48]
• 2015 - 1 May: Expo 2015 world fair opens.
• 2016 - June: Milan municipal election, 2016 held.

See also

• History of Milan (it)
• List of mayors of Milan
• List of rulers of Milan

Timelines of other cities in the macroregion of Northwest Italy:^(it)

• Liguria region: Timeline of Genoa
• Lombardy region: Timeline of Bergamo; Brescia; Cremona; Mantua; Pavia
• Piedmont region: Timeline of Novara; Turin

References

1. Haydn 1910.
2. "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Italy". Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 30 June 2015.
3. Lecco.
4. History of Italy - HistoryWorld.
5. Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum (1996). "The First Public Clocks". History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-15510-4.
6. Michael Wyatt, ed. (2014). "Timeline". Cambridge Companion to the Italian Renaissance. Cambridge University Press. p. 308 and xxii. ISBN 978-1-139-99167-4.
7. "Venice and Northern Italy, 1400–1600 A.D.
8. Michael Wyatt, ed. (2014). "Timeline". Cambridge Companion to the Italian Renaissance. Cambridge University Press. p. xxi+. ISBN 978-1-139-99167-4.
9. Robert Proctor (1898). "Books Printed From Types: Italy: Milano". Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company. hdl:2027/uc1.c3450631 – via HathiTrust.
10. "Index: Place of Publication: Milan", Incunabula Short Title Catalogue: the International Database of 15th-century European Printing, UK: British Library, retrieved 3 December 2017
11. James Trager (1995), The Food Chronology, New York: Henry Holt, OL 1275146M
12. "Plague at Milan", Saturday Magazine, London (52), 27 April 1833, hdl:2027/mdp.39015054495745
13. D'Amico 2001.
14. "Garden Search: Italy". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
15. Damiano Muoni (1874). Archivi di Stato in Milano: Prefetti o direttori, 1468-1874 (in Italian).CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
16. Mark Gilbert; Robert K. Nilsson (2007). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Modern Italy. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6428-3.
17. Chester L. Alwes (2012). "Choral Music in the Culture of the 19th Century". In André de Quadros (ed.). Cambridge Companion to Choral Music. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-11173-7. Music publishers of the 18th to the early 20th c. (chronological list)
18. Zygmunt G. Baranski and Rebecca J. West, ed. (2001). "Chronology". Cambridge Companion to Modern Italian Culture. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-55982-9.
19. "Pasticceria Marchesi: ricordi al profumo di pasta frolla". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). Milan. 14 May 2012. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
20. Radio 3. "Opera Timeline". BBC. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
21. "Italy". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1873. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590360.
22. "Milan (Italy) Newspapers". WorldCat. USA: Online Computer Library Center. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
23. Britannica 1910.
24. Maria Grazia Tolfo; Paolo Colussi (eds.). "Cronologia di Milano" [Timeline of Milan]. Storia di Milano (in Italian). Retrieved 30 June 2015.
25. A.J. Mackintosh (1907). "Mountaineering Clubs, 1857-1907". Alpine Journal. UK (177). hdl:2027/njp.32101076197365.
26. Richard Abel, ed. (2005). Encyclopedia of Early Cinema. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-23440-5.
27. "Italy". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1899. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590550 – via HathiTrust.
28. Tom Dunmore (2011). Historical Dictionary of Soccer. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7188-5.
29. Merlo 2006.
30. Bulletin of the American Chamber of Commerce in Milan, 1, 1915
31. "Milan Fair", Trade Bulletin of the Italy America Society, June 1925
32. Chris Michaelides, ed. (2007). "Chronology of the European Avant Garde, 1900─1937". Breaking the Rules: The Printed Face of the European Avant Garde 1900-1937. Online Exhibitions. British Library.
33. New York Times 2010.
34. "Leading Mansion". New York Times. 30 April 2010.
35. Wall Street Journal 2010.
36. "Movie Theaters in Milan". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
37. François Colbert (2005). "Company Profile: The Piccolo Teatro of Milan: Theatre of Europe". International Journal of Arts Management. 7 (3): 66–73. JSTOR 41064853.
38. Trono 2002.
39. "Italy". Art Spaces Directory. New York: New Museum. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
40. Ten of the world's most beautiful bookshops, BBC, 27 March 2014
41. "Comune di Milano" (in Italian). Archived from the original on June 2001 – via Internet Archive, Wayback Machine.
42. "Il Sindaco" (in Italian). Comune di Milano. Archived from the original on 4 November 2006.
43. "Leading Mansion - Exhibitions". Milano: Cardi Black Box. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
44. "Population of Capital Cities and Cities of 100,000 or More Inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2011. United Nations Statistics Division. 2012.
45. "Italian mayors". City Mayors.com. London: City Mayors Foundation. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
46. "Inaugurato il Parco Portello" (in Italian). Comune di Milano. 6 December 2012.
47. Encyclopædia Britannica Book of the Year. 2013. ISBN 978-1-62513-103-4.
48. "Resident Population". Demo-Geodemo. Istituto Nazionale di Statistica. Retrieved 30 June 2015.

This article incorporates information from the Italian Wikipedia.

Bibliography

See also: Bibliography of Milan

Published in the 16th-19th century

in English

• Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Milan", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
• David Brewster, ed. (1830). "Milan". Edinburgh Encyclopaedia. Edinburgh: William Blackwood.
• Josiah Conder (1834), "Milan", Italy, The Modern Traveller, 31, London: J.Duncan
• Mariana Starke (1839), "Milan", Travels in Europe (9th ed.), Paris: A. and W. Galignani
• Valery (1842). "Milan". Italy and its Comforts. London: Longman.
• "Milan", Black's Guide to Italy, Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black, 1869
• William Smith, ed. (1872) [1854]. "Mediolanum". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray. hdl:2027/hvd.ah5cur.
• "Milan", Ballou's Monthly Magazine, Boston: Thomes & Talbot, February 1875, hdl:2027/nyp.33433081755823
• Fin Bec (August 1876), "Under Foreign Mahogany: Hotel Life in Milan", Gentleman's Magazine, London
• George Henry Townsend (1877), "Milan", A Manual of Dates (5th ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co., hdl:2027/wu.89097349427
• "Milan", Cook's Tourist's Handbook for Northern Italy, London: T. Cook & Son, 1881
• J. Hardmeyer (1884), Milan, Illustrated Europe, Zurich: Orell Füssli & Co.
• W. Pembroke Fetridge (1884), "Milan", Harper's Hand-Book for Travellers in Europe and the East (23rd ed.), New York: Harper & Brothers, hdl:2027/nyp.33433066588363
• "Milan", Appleton's European Guide Book, New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1888
• "Milan", Bradshaw's Illustrated Hand-book to Italy, London: W.J. Adams & Sons, 1894
• "Milan", Hand-book for Travellers in Northern Italy (16th ed.), London: John Murray, 1897, OCLC 2231483

in other languages

• Bernardino Corio (1554), L'historia di Milano (in Italian), Vinegia: Giovan Maria Bonelli, OL 22885135M
• Morigia, Paolo (1595), La nobiltà di Milano, Milan: Pontio; 2nd edn (1619) with additions by Girolamo Borsieri, Milan: Bidelli.
• Guide des étrangers à Milan et dans les environs de cette ville (in French), Milan: Pierre et Joseph Vallardi, 1819
• Pietro Verri (1850), Storia di Milano (in Italian), Milano: Oliva, OL 24138005M
• "Milano". Nuova Enciclopedia Italiana (in Italian) (6th ed.). Torino: Unione Tipografico-Editrice Torinese. 1887. hdl:2027/nnc1.cu08476810.

Published in the 20th century

in English

• George Charles Williamson (1901), "Milan", Cities of Northern Italy, New York: A. Wessels company, OCLC 6516634
• Cecilia M. Ady (1907), History of Milan under the Sforza, London: Methuen & Co., OCLC 4369439, OL 6994215M
• Milan, Mediaeval Towns, London: J.M. Dent & Co., 1908
• "Milan", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424 – via Internet Archive
• Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Milan", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co., hdl:2027/loc.ark:/13960/t89g6g776 – via Hathi Trust
• "Milan", Northern Italy (14th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1913 + 1870 ed.
• W.J. Rolfe (1914), "Milan", Satchel Guide for the Vacation Tourist in Europe, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, hdl:2027/mdp.39015065280888
• John Foot (1995). "The Family and the 'Economic Miracle': Social Transformation, Work, Leisure and Development at Bovisa and Comasina (Milan), 1950-70". Contemporary European History. 4 (3): 315–338. doi:10.1017/s0960777300003507. JSTOR 20081556.
• Trudy Ring, ed. (1996). "Milan". Southern Europe. International Dictionary of Historic Places. 3. Fitzroy Dearborn. OCLC 31045650.
• John Foot (1999). "Television and the City: The Impact of Television in Milan, 1954-1960". Contemporary European History. 8 (3): 379–394. doi:10.1017/S0960777399003033. JSTOR 20081718. PMID 20120561.
• Stefano D'Amico (2000). "Crisis and Transformation: Economic Organization and Social Structures in Milan, 1570-1610". Social History. 25 (1): 1–21. doi:10.1080/030710200363249. JSTOR 4286606.

in Italian

• Francesco Malaguzzi Valeri (1906), Milano (in Italian), Bergamo: Istituto Italiano d'Arti Grafiche, OL 22335383M
• "Milano". Piemonte, Lombardia, Canton Ticino. Guida d'Italia (in Italian). Milan: Touring Club Italiano. 1916. p. 5+. hdl:2027/uiuo.ark:/13960/t1rf92c9w.
• Storia di Milano (in Italian). Fondazione Treccani. OCLC 461149469. 1953-1966 (17 volumes)
• Luigi Ganapini. Una città in guerra (Milano, 1939-1951) (Milan: Angeli, 1988)
• Achille Rastelli. Bombe sulla città. Gli attacchi aerei alleati: le vittime civili a Milano (Milan: Mursia, 2000)

Published in the 21st century

in English

• "History of Italy". HistoryWorld. HistoryWorld. p. 2. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
• Lecco, Alberto; Foot, John (2020). "Milan Italy". Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
• Stefano D'Amico (2001). "Rebirth of a City: Immigration and Trade in Milan, 1630-59". The Sixteenth Century Journal. 32 (3): 697–721. doi:10.2307/2671508. JSTOR 2671508.
• Anna Trono; Maria Chiara Zerbi (2002). "Milan: The city of constant renewal". GeoJournal. 58.
• Elisabetta Merlo; Francesca Polese (2006). "Turning Fashion into Business: The Emergence of Milan as an International Fashion Hub". Business History Review. 80 (3): 415–447. doi:10.1017/S0007680500035856. JSTOR 25097225.
• ""Venice and Northern Italy, 1400–1600 A.D." Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History". The Met. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2019. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
• "Insider's Guide to Milan", Wall Street Journal, 2 October 2010
• "You Know You're a Milan Insider When". New York Times. 15 October 2010.
• Chris Wickham (2015). "Milan". Sleepwalking into a New World: The Emergence of Italian City Communes in the Twelfth Century. Princeton University Press. pp. 21–66. ISBN 978-1-4008-6582-6.

in Italian

• Francesco Ogliari. Fiamme su Milano: I bombardamenti aerei 1940-1945 (Pavia: Selecta, 2005)

External links

• Europeana. Items related to Milan, various dates.
• Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Milan, various dates