Timeline of Marseille

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Marseille, France.

Prior to 17th century

• 600 BC - Massalia founded by Phocaean Greeks (approximate date).[1]
• 49 BC - Siege of Massilia.[1]
• 1st century AD - Roman Catholic diocese of Marseille established.[2]
• 415 AD - Abbey of St. Victor founded (approximate date).
• 470 - Town taken by forces of Visigoth Euric.[3]
• 6th century - Port in operation.
• 839 - Town "sacked by Saracens."[3]
• 1214
  • Town becomes a republic.[3]
  • Notre-Dame de la Garde built.
• 1252 - Town "taken by Charles of Anjou."[1]
• 1262 - Revolt against Angevins.
• 1348 - Bubonic plague outbreak.[4]
• 1365 - Abbey of St. Victor building constructed.
• 1423 - Sack of Marseille by the forces of Aragón, led by Alfonso V.[5]
• 1453 - Fortifications constructed.
• 1481 - Marseille united with Provence.
• 1486 - Marseille becomes part of France.[1]
• 1524 - Town besieged by forces of Francis I.[5]
• 1531 - Château d'If built.
• 1542 - Église Saint-Ferréol les Augustins (church) dedicated.
• 1593 - Hotel Dieu (hospital) founded.
• 1599 - Marseille Chamber of Commerce founded.[6]

17th-18th centuries

• 1619 - Église Saint-Cannat (church) dedicated.
• 1640 - Maison du Refuge established.[7]
• 1649 - Plague.[3]
• 1660 - Fort Saint-Jean built.
• 1672 - Café in business.[8]
• 1673 - Marseille City Hall built.[9]
• 1685 - The Opéra de Marseille is inaugurated.[10]
• 1702 - Marseille Observatory built.[11]
• 1720-21 - Great Plague of Marseille.[3]
• 1726 - Academy of Science established.[12]
• 1749 - Almshouse built.
• 1770 - City directory published.[13]
• 1778
  • Chateau Borely built.[5]
  • Fossati fountain erected.[14]
• 1781 - Navette de Marseille created.
• 1787 - Grand-Théâtre opens.[14]
• 1789 - April: "Revolutionary commotions" occur.[3]
• 1790
  • Marseille becomes part of the Bouches du Rhône souveraineté.[15]
  • Jacobin Club founded.[16]
• 1793 - August: "Marseilles opposes the revolutionary government, and is reduced."[3]
• 1796 - Public library founded.[17]

19th century

Map of Marseille, 1896

1800s–1840s

• 1800 - Population: 96,413.[15]
• 1801
  • Canton of Marseille-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 created.[15]
  • Musée des beaux-arts de Marseille founded.[18]
• 1802 - Lycée Thiers (school) and Jardin botanique E.M. Heckel (garden)[19] established.
• 1803
  • Santon Fair begins.
  • Cabinet of Natural History founded.[11]
• 1808 - 26 February: Birth of Honoré Daumier.
• 1810 - Société de médecine de Marseille established.[20]
• 1811 - Obelisk erected in the Place Castellane.
• 1819 - Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Marseille founded.
• 1820 - Population: 101,217.[21]
• 1827
  • Le Sémaphore newspaper begins publication.[22]
  • Société de statistique de Marseille established.[20]
• 1836 - Population: 148,597.[21]
• 1837 - Porte d'Aix (arch) inaugurated.
• 1846 - Journal de Marseille newspaper begins publication.[22]
• 1848
  • Paris–Marseille railway begins operating.
  • Gare de Marseille-Saint-Charles opens.
• 1849 - Canal de Marseille opens.

1850s-1890s

• 1851
  • Messageries Maritimes shipping company in business.[23]
  • Population: 195,258.[15]
• 1852 - Prison Chave built on Boulevard Chave.[14]
• 1853 - La Joliette dock constructed.[5]
• 1854 - Jardin zoologique de Marseille (zoo) opens.
• 1855 - Phare de Sainte Marie built.
• 1856
  • Population: 233,817.[21]
  • Cimetière Saint-Pierre established.
• 1857 - Alcazar (Marseille) theatre opens.
• 1858
  • Marseille–Ventimiglia railway begins initial operation.
  • Palais du Pharo built.
• 1860
  • Exchange built.[24]
  • Race track in business.
• 1862 - Marseille Courthouse built.[24]
• 1863 - Grande synagogue de Marseille built.[9]
• 1864
  • Rue de la République (Marseille) opens.[25]
  • Notre-Dame de la Garde rebuilt.[24]
• 1865 - Société Marseillaise de Crédit (bank)[26] and Priory of St. Madeleine founded.
• 1866 - Population: 300,131.[27]
• 1868 - Le Petit Marseillais newspaper begins publication.[22]
• 1869 - Palais Longchamp built.[24]
• 1872 - Business school established.
• 1876
  • Le Petit Provençal newspaper begins publication.[22]
  • Horse-drawn tram begins operating.
• 1877 - Société de géographie de Marseille established.[20]
• 1878 - Saint-Lazare Convent consecrated.
• 1881
  • Italian-French ethnic unrest.[3]
  • Population: 360,099.[15]
• 1883 - Marseille coat of arms design adopted.
• 1884 - Marseille cholera epidemic.
• 1885 - Soleil du Midi newspaper begins publication.[22]
• 1891 - École d'ingénieurs de Marseille (school) founded.
• 1892 - Funicular of the Notre-Dame de la Garde church begins operating.
• 1893
  • Marseille Cathedral consecrated.[3]
  • Institut Colonial de Marseille founded.
• 1894 - Monument des Mobiles erected.^(fr)[24]
• 1897 - Excursionnistes Marseillais (hiking club) formed.[28]
• 1899
  • Olympique de Marseille soccer team formed.
  • 2500th anniversary of founding of Marseille.[24]

20th century

1900s-1940s

• 1901
  • "Dock strike."[3]
  • Population: 491,161.[15]
• 1902 - "Strike of sailors."[3]
• 1903
  • July: 1903 Tour de France cycling race passes through Marseille.
  • September: Bubonic plague outbreak.[3]
• 1906 - Exposition coloniale de Marseille (1906) held.
• 1909
  • "Tigeress escapes; terrorises the town."[3]
  • Société linnéenne de Provence founded.[20]
• 1911 - Population: 550,619.[29]
• 1913 - Fountain installed in the Place Castellane.
• 1916 - Musée Cantini founded.[18]
• 1917 - Le Petit Nice restaurant in business.[30]
• 1919 - 13 November: Grand Théâtre burns down.^(fr)
• 1922
  • Marseille Provence Airport opens.
  • Colonial exhibition held.
• 1923 - Monument aux héros et victimes de la mer erected.[9]
• 1924 - Opera House built.
• 1926 - Musée Grobet-Labadié opens.
• 1927 - Monument aux morts de l'Armée d'Orient et des terres lointaines erected.[9]
• 1931 - Population: 800,881.[15]
• 1933 - Film Studios Pagnol established.[31]
• 1934 - October 9: King Alexander I of Yugoslavia and Louis Barthou assassinated by Bulgarian terrorist Velicko Kerin.[32]
• 1936 - Population: 914,232.[15]
• 1937 - Stade Vélodrome opens.
• 1938
  • 21 September: Marseille train robbery.
  • 28 October: Marseille fire (1938).
• 1939 - Baumettes Prison built.
• 1940 - Bombing by German and Italian forces.
• 1941 - Combat (French Resistance) active.[33]
• 1942 - November: German occupation begins.
• 1943 - Old Port area evacuated and demolished.[34]
• 1944
  • Bombing by Allied forces.
  • August: Battle of Marseille; German occupation ends.
  • La Marseillaise newspaper in publication.
  • Gaston Defferre becomes mayor.
• 1946
  • Arrondissements of Marseille created.
  • Jean Cristofol becomes mayor.
• Population: 636,264.[15]
• 1947
  • November: Labor unrest.[35]
  • Michel Carlini becomes mayor.

1950s-1990s

• 1952 - Cité radieuse housing complex built.[4]
• 1953
  • Gaston Defferre becomes mayor again (remains in office until 1986).[4]
  • La Tourette housing complex built.
• 1955 - Affaire du Combinatie vendetta killings of the criminal Marseille milieu occur.
• 1958 - Marseille twinned with Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; Antwerp, Belgium; Copenhagen, Denmark; Genoa, Italy; Haifa, Israel; and Hamburg, Germany.[36]
• 1960s - La Castellane neighborhood built.
• 1961 - Marseille twinned with Kobe, Japan.[36]
• 1962
  • A50 autoroute opens.[37]
  • Or Thora Synagogue established.
  • Population: 778,071.[15]
• 1965 - March: Marseille municipal election, 1965 held.
• 1967 - Marseille Old Port Tunnel opens.[37]
• 1968
  • A7 autoroute opens.[37]
  • Marseille twinned with Dakar, Senegal.[36]
  • Population: 889,029.[15]
• 1970 - University of Provence established.[38]
• 1972
  • A55 autoroute opens.[37]
  • Ballet National de Marseille founded.
  • Marseille twinned with Odessa, Ukraine.[36]
• 1973 - 14 December: Algerian consulate bombed.[39]
• 1975
  • Er Rahmaniyyà group formed.[40][41]
  • Population: 908,600.[15]
• 1977
  • Marseille Metro Line 1 begins operating.[37]
  • CMA CGM shipping company established.
• 1979 - Marseille-Cassis Classique Internationale footrace begins.
• 1981 - Rodéo (riot).
• 1982
  • PLM Law effected.
  • Marseille becomes part of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region.
• 1983
  • SNCF TGV Sud-Est train begins operating.[37]
  • Marseille History Museum opens.[33]
• 1984
  • Marseille Metro Line 2 begins operating.[37]
  • Marseille twinned with Piraeus, Greece.[36]
• 1986
  • March: Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur regional election, 1986 held.
  • Robert Vigouroux becomes mayor.
• 1987
  • Jardin de la Magalone becomes property of the city.
  • Marseille twinned with Shanghai, China.[36]
• 1989 - Marseille Festival of Documentary Film begins.
• 1991 - La Commanderie opens.
• 1993 - Tunnel Prado-Carénage opens.[37]
• 1995
  • June: Marseille municipal election, 1995 held.
  • Jean-Claude Gaudin becomes mayor.[42]
  • Centre de Recherche et de Documentation sur l'Océanie founded.
  • Musée de la Faïence de Marseille opens.[43]
• 1997 - La Provence newspaper in publication.
• 1999 - Population: 795,518.[15]

21st century

2000s

• 2001
  • Parc du 26e Centenaire inaugurated.
  • Municipal Archives of Marseille moves to the former Tobacco factory of Marseille.[44]
• 2004 - Marseille twinned with Marrakech, Morocco.[36]
• 2006
  • École centrale de Marseille created.
  • Marseille twinned with Glasgow, UK.[36]
• 2007
  • Marseille tramway begins operating.
  • Labor strike.[4]
  • Construction of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor begins in Cadarache, in vicinity of Marseille.
• 2008 - Population: 851,420.
• 2009 - Collège Ibn Khaldoun opens.

2010s

• 2010
  • March: Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur regional election, 2010 held.
  • Garbage strike occurs.
• 2011
  • Cornerstone of Grand Mosque of Marseille laid.[45][46]
  • Population: 850,636.[47]
• 2012 - Place des Capucines pedestrianized.
• 2013
  • Museum of European and Mediterranean Civilisations opens.
  • City designated a European Capital of Culture.[48]
• 2014 - March: Marseille municipal election, 2014 held.
• 2015
  • 9 February: Shooting occurs in La Castellane.
  • September: Drug ring trial begins.[49]
  • December: 2015 Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur regional election held.[47]
  • Marseille tramway Line 3 begins operating.
  • Cantons 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 created per 2014 France cantonal redistricting.
• 2016 - Metropolis of Aix-Marseille-Provence established.
• 2017 - Stabbing occurs in Saint Charles train station.
• 2018 - Two buildings collapse in the center of Marseille eight people are killed.

See also

• History of Marseille
• Urban planning in Marseille
• List of mayors of Marseille
• List of mayors of Marseille sectors
• List of heritage sites in Marseille
• History of Provence region
• Timeline of Provence region

Other cities in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region:

• Timeline of Aix-en-Provence
• Timeline of Arles
• Timeline of Avignon
• Timeline of Nice
• Timeline of Toulon

References

1. Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 1157, OL 6112221M
2. "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: France". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
3. Haydn 1910.
4. Gino Raymond (2008). Historical Dictionary of France. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6256-2.
5. Britannica 1910.
6. United States Department of Commerce; Archibald J. Wolfe (1915). "List of Chambers". Commercial Organizations in France. USA: Government Printing Office.
7. Mireur 1882.
8. Teissier 1878.
9. "Patrimoine architectural (Marseille)". Base Mérimée (in French). France: Minister of Culture (France). Retrieved 30 December 2015.
10. Beauvert, Thierry. Opera Houses of the World, New York: The Vendome Press, 1995. ISBN 0-86565-978-8
11. Edinburgh Encyclopaedia 1830.
12. Jim Parrott (ed.). "Chronology of Scholarly Societies". Scholarly Societies Project. Canada: University of Waterloo. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
13. A. V. Williams (1913). Development and Growth of City Directories. Cincinnati, USA.
14. Saurel 1877.
15. "Notice communale: Marseille". Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui (in French). France: School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
16. Michael Kennedy (Autumn 1972). "Some Journals of the Jacobin Club of Marseille, 1790-1794". French Historical Studies. 7.
17. Henry R. Tedder; E.C. Thomas (1882), "Libraries: France", Encyclopædia Britannica, 14 (9th ed.), New York (list of cities)
18. "Culture: Les musées de Marseille". Marseille.fr. Ville de Marseille. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
19. "Garden Search: France". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
20. "Sociétés savantes de France" (in French). Paris: Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
21. Martin 1867.
22. A. de Chambure (1914). A travers la presse (in French). Paris: Fert, Albouy & cie.
23. Masson 1906.
24. Baedeker 1902.
25. Detaille 1998.
26. "France". International Banking Directory. New York: Bankers Publishing Company. 1922. hdl:2027/hvd.hb1sji.
27. "France". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1869. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590337.
28. A.J. Mackintosh (1907). "Mountaineering Clubs, 1857-1907". Alpine Journal. UK (177). hdl:2027/njp.32101076197365.
29. "France: Area and Population: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440.
30. "Marseille". Michelin Restaurants (in French). Retrieved 30 December 2015. Étoiles
31. "Histoire du cinéma à Marseille". Marseille.fr (in French). Ville de Marseille. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
32. "Marseille". Encyclopédie Larousse (in French). Éditions Larousse. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
33. Tour Diary 2013.
34. Crane 2005.
35. "November 10-23, 1947". Chronology of International Events and Documents. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs. 3. 1947. JSTOR 40545111.
36. "Villes jumelées" (PDF). Marseille.fr (in French). Ville de Marseille. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
37. L'extension de Marseille 2013.
38. Walter Rüegg, ed. (2011). "Universities founded in Europe between 1945 and 1995". Universities Since 1945. History of the University in Europe. 4. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-49425-0.
39. Mahfoud Bennoune (January 1975). "Maghribin Workers in France". MERIP Reports. USA: Middle East Research and Information Project (34): 1–30. JSTOR 3011470.
40. France, Muslims in the EU: Cities Report, USA: Open Society Institute, 2007 (Marseille section)
41. Jocelyne Cesari (1994). Etre musulman en France: associations, militants et mosquées. Éditions Karthala. ISBN 978-2-86537-501-1.
42. "French mayors". City Mayors.com. London: City Mayors Foundation. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
43. "(Marseille)". Muséofile: Répertoire des musées français (in French). Ministre de la Culture et de la Communication. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
44. "Information of the Municipal Archives of Marseilles". International Council on Archives. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
45. "Marseille's Muslims need their Grand Mosque – why is it still a car park?", The Guardian, 3 March 2015
46. "Marseille's plans for a Grand Mosque stall", Public Radio International, USA, 19 February 2015
47. "Données du Monde: Marseille", Le Monde (in French), retrieved 30 December 2015
48. "Marseille: European Capital of Culture 2013". Time Out Paris. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
49. "Marseille in spotlight once again as La Castellane drug trial begins", The Guardian, 16 September 2015

This article incorporates information from the French Wikipedia.

Bibliography

in English

Published in the 19th century

• Heinrich August Ottokar Reichard (1816), "Marseille", An Itinerary of France and Belgium, London: Samuel Leigh
• "Marseilles", Cities and Principal Towns of the World, Cabinet Cyclopaedia, London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, & Green, 1830, OCLC 2665202
• "Marseilles", Edinburgh Encyclopaedia, 13, Edinburgh: Blackwood, 1830
• R. T. Claridge (1839), "Marseilles", A Guide down the Danube, London: F. C. Westley
• "Marseilles", Hand-book for Travellers in France (3rd ed.), London: Murray, 1848
• Frederick Martin (1867), "Marseilles", Commercial Handbook of France, London: Longmans, Green, OCLC 4471325
• William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Marseilles". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949.
• William Smith, ed. (1872) [1854]. "Massilia". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray. hdl:2027/hvd.ah5cur.
• George Henry Townsend; Frederick Martin (1877), "Marseilles", A Manual of Dates (5th ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co., hdl:2027/hvd.32044088047865
• John Ramsay McCulloch (1880), "Marseilles", in Hugh G. Reid (ed.), A Dictionary, Practical, Theoretical and Historical of Commerce and Commercial Navigation, London: Longmans, Green, and Co.
• C. B. Black (1890), "Marseilles", The Riviera (7th ed.), Edinburgh: Adam & Charles Black

Published in the 20th century

• "Marseilles", Southern France, Karl Baedeker, 1902
• T. G. Bonney (1904), "Marseilles", The Mediterranean, its storied cities and venerable ruins, New York: J. Pott
• "Marseilles", Jewish Encyclopedia, 8, New York, 1904, hdl:2027/mdp.49015002282243
• "Marseilles", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424 – via Internet Archive
• Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Marseilles", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co., hdl:2027/loc.ark:/13960/t89g6g776
• Nathaniel Newnham Davis (1911), "Marseilles", The Gourmet's Guide to Europe (3rd ed.), London: Grant Richards
• Daniel C. Haskell, ed. (1922), "Provencal literature and language, including the local history of southern France", Bulletin of the New York Public Library, 26, hdl:2027/mdp.39015035117657, Local history: Marseilles
• United States. Army Service Forces. Information and education division (1944), "Marseille", Pocket Guide to the Cities of Southern France, USA: Government Printing Office, OCLC 6205223
• "Marseilles". Michelin Green Guide. Michelin. 1991. OL 8836622M.
• Gérard Detaille; Jean Arrouye (1998). Marseille, a century of pictures. Marseille: Editions Parenthèses. ISBN 978-2-86364-100-2.
• Daniel Lord Smail (2000). Imaginary Cartographies: Possession and Identity in Late Medieval Marseille. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-3626-5.

Published in the 21st century

• Sheila Crane (2005), "Mutable Fragments: Destructive Preservation and the Postwar Rebuilding of Marseille", Future Anterior: Journal of Historic Preservation, History, Theory, and Criticism, 2 (1): xiv–11, JSTOR 25834956
• Alain Motte (2005). "Marseilles-Aix". In Anton Kreukels; et al. (eds.). Metropolitan Governance and Spatial Planning: Comparative Case Studies of European City-Regions. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-49606-8.
• "Long Integrated, Marseille Is Spared", Washington Post, 16 November 2005
• Junko Thérèse Takeda (2011). Between Crown and Commerce: Marseille and the Early Modern Mediterranean. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-1-4214-0112-6.
• "Marseille's Melting Pot". National Geographic Magazine. USA. 2012.
• Tour Diary (PDF), Musée d'Histoire de Marseille, 2013
• Simon Kitson (2014). Police and Politics in Marseille, 1936-1945. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-26523-3.

in French

• "Marseille". Almanach général des marchands, négocians, armateurs et fabricans. Almanach Général des Marchands, Négocians et Commerçans de la France et de l'Europe (in French). Paris: L. Cellot. 1779. ISSN 1954-6521.
• Tableau historique et politique de Marseille (in French) (4th ed.). Marseille: Chardon. 1829.
• Augustin-Jules-Esprit Fabre (1829). Histoire de Marseille (in French).
• Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Champagnac (1839). "Marseille". Manuel des dates, en forme de dictionnaire. Perisse frères.
• Eusèbe Girault de Saint-Fargeau (1850). "Marseille". Guide pittoresque: portatif et complet, du voyageur en France (in French) (3rd ed.). Paris: Firmin Didot frères. p. 496. hdl:2027/uiug.30112081968700.
• Amédée Boudin (1852). Histoire de Marseille (in French).
• Indicateur marseillais (in French). 1853-1980
  • 1891 ed.
• Louis Paris, ed. (1864), "Marseille ... Documents pour servir a l'histoire de la Province", Le Cabinet historique (in French), 10, Paris, hdl:2027/mdp.39015069853227
• Catalogue de la Bibliothèque communale de Marseille (in French). 1864-1869
• Alfred Saurel (1877). Dictionnaire des villes, villages & hameaux du département des Bouches-du-Rhône. Marseille: Marius Olive.
• Octave Teissier (1878). Histoire du commerce de Marseille pendant vingt ans (1855-1874) (in French). Librairie Guillaumin.
• Hippolyte Mireur (1882). La prostitution à Marseille; histoire, administration et police, hygiène (in French).
• Prosper Castanier (1896). Les origines historiques de Marseille et de la Provence. Histoire de la Provence. 2. Marpon & Flammarion.
• "Marseille". La Provence. À la France: sites et monuments (in French). Paris: Touring-Club de France. 1902. OCLC 457600236.
• Émile Camau (1905). Marseille au XXme siècle (in French).
• "Marseille". Provence. Guides Joanne (in French). 1906. hdl:2027/uc1.$b192331.
• Paul Masson (1906). Marseille et la colonisation française: essai d'histoire coloniale (in French). Barlatier.
• "Marseille". Dictionnaire Bouillet (in French) (34th ed.). 1914. hdl:2027/mdp.39015074817142.
• Raoul Busquet. Histoire de Marseille. Paris, Robert Laffont, 1978
• Édouard Baratier. Histoire de Marseille. Toulouse, 1990
• Emile Temime (ed.). Histoire des migrations à Marseille (in French). 1990–1991. 4 vols.
• "L'extension de Marseille depuis 1945" (in French). Marseille History Museum. 2013. (map)

External links

• Map of Marseille, 1993
• Map of Marseille, 1999
• Items related to Marseille, various dates (via Europeana).
• Items related to Marseille, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America).