Timeline of Białystok

The city of Białystok has existed for five centuries, during all this time the fate of the city has passed between various political and economic forces. The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Białystok, Poland.

This is a sub-article to History of Białystok

Prior to 19th century

• 1320 - Settlement founded in Lithuania.[1]
• 1569 – part of the Lesser Poland Province of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
• 1692 – Białystok granted city rights by Polish King John III Sobieski
• 1697 - Branicki Palace built.[2]
• 1745 – the first military technical school in Poland founded in Białystok[3]
• 1748 – one of the oldest theaters in Poland, the Komedialnia, founded[4]
• 1749 – King Augustus III of Poland extended the city limits[5]
• 1753 the center of the city burns down
• 1756 Jan Klemens Branicki is divorced from his third wife
• 13 July 1769 – Battle of Białystok part of the War of the Bar Confederation (Battle of Białystok (1769))
• 1770 – midwifery school founded under the auspices of Izabella Poniatowska[3]
• 9 October 1771 – Jan Klemens Branicki dies
• 1789 – the epidemic of smallpox, the 22 children died
• third partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795 it first belonged to the Kingdom of Prussia as the administrative seat of the Białystok Department
• 26 January 1796 – Prussian administration takes over the town, but it remains formally owned by Izabella Poniatowska-Branicka

19th century

• 1805 – Institute of Obstetrics established based on the midwifery school[3]
• 1807 - Town becomes part of Russia, per Peace of Tilsit;[1] and capital of the Belostok Oblast.
• 14 February 1808 – Izabella Poniatowska-Branicka dies
• 3 July 1812 – Napoleon's army enters the city,
• 13 July 1812 – Declaration of the inhabitants of communication with the Commonwealth,
• 4 August 1812 – Russian army enters the city
• 8 August 1812 – giving a new coat of the city by Tsar Alexander I
• 13 December 1830 – announcement of martial law by the Russian authorities in connection with the outbreak of the November Uprising,
• 1 February 1831 – setting up headquarters in the Russian army commander, Field Marshal Hans Karl von Diebitsch, whose task was to suppress the November Uprising
• 1834 – a ban on teaching in schools in the Polish language
• 1842 - Town becomes capital of the Belostok Oblast of the Grodno Governorate, Russian Empire.
• 1845 - Woollen mill built.[1]
• 1857 - Population: 13,787.[1]
• 15 December 1859 – Ludwik Zamenhof, the creator of the international language Esperanto, was born
• 13 June 1860 – the beginning of a patriotic demonstration under the banner of national unity and fight against colonization,
• 9 June 1861 – arrive in the city representative of the Whites, Andrzej Artur Zamoyski
• 1862 – Opening of the Saint Petersburg–Warsaw Railway through the city
• 24 April 1863 – the beginning of the January Uprising in the Bialystok area
• 1877 – expanding the city limits: integrated railway station, the village of Piaski and Las Zwierzyniecki
• 1886 – the railway line Bialystok – Vawkavysk – Baranovichi
• 1891 – Launch of the first telephone exchange
• 1895 – launch of three lines of horse tram
• 1897 - Population: 63,927.[6]
• 1898 – establishment of the Volunteer Fire Department

20th century

Białystok city center around 1900

• 1905 - Chernoe Znamia political group formed.
• 1906 - 14–16 June: Białystok pogrom of Jews.[7]
• 1910 - Białystok Power Station commissioned.
• 1912 - Population: 98,170.[8]
• 1913 - Great Synagogue built.
• 1915 - City becomes capital of the Bialystok-Grodno District of the German-controlled territory of Ober-Ost during World War I.
• 1919
  • Białystok part of the re-established Polish state, capital of the Białystok Voivodeship
  • Białostoczek becomes part of city.
• 1920
  • 22 September: Battle of Białystok.
  • Jagiellonia Białystok football club formed.

Józef Piłsudski's visit to Białystok in 1921

• 1921 - Białystok confirmed as part of Poland.[9]
• 1937 - Population: 100,101.[9]
• 1938 - Białystok Municipal Theatre built.
• 1939
  • Soviet occupation after the invasion of Poland
  • November: City annexed to the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic;[2] and capital of the Belastok Voblast.
• 1941
  • 27 June: City occupation by German forces begins.
  • City becomes capital of Bezirk Białystok.
  • July: Jewish ghetto established by occupying Nazi Germans.[7]
• 1943 - 16 August: Białystok Ghetto Uprising.[2]
• 1944
  • July: occupied by the Soviets
  • September: the city returned to Poland, capital of the part of the Białystok Voivodeship
• 1946 - Population: 56,759.[9]
• 1949 - Podlaskie Museum founded.
• 1950 - Medical University of Białystok established.
• 1951 - Gazeta Współczesna newspaper begins publication.[10]
• 1953 - Białystok Puppet Theatre established.[11]
• 1960 - Islamic Religious Community in Białystok established.
• 1972 - Białystok City Stadium opens.

Białystok University of Technology

• 1974
  • Białystok University of Technology active.
  • Population: 187,100.[12]
• 1975 - City becomes capital of the Białystok Voivodeship (1975–98).
• 1990
  • Białystok History Museum founded.
  • Lech Rutkowski becomes mayor.
  • Piłsudski monument, Białystok installed at Kościuszko Square.
• 1991 - Roman Catholic diocese of Białystok established.[13]
• 1998 - Population: 283,937 (estimate).[10]
• 1999 - City becomes capital of the Podlaskie Voivodeship.

21st century

• 2004 - City divided into 27 administrative districts.
• 2006 - Tadeusz Truskolaski becomes mayor.
• 2008 - Jewish Heritage Trail in Białystok created.
• 2009
  • Zamenhof Centre opens.
  • World Congress of Esperanto held in city.
• 2012 - Population: 294,900.[14]

See also

• History of Białystok
• Other names of Białystok, e.g. Belostok, Bielostok, Byelostok

References

This article incorporates information from the Polish Wikipedia.

1. Britannica 1910.
2. George Lerski (1996). "Bialystok". Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-26007-0.
3. Jacek Kusznier, Elektrycy w historii Politechniki Białostockiej, "Maszyny Elektryczne - Zeszyty Problemowe", Nr 4/2018, p. 164 (in Polish)
4. "Plejada gwiazd w nowym teatrze. Piotr Dąbrowski otwiera Komedialnię". Białystok Online (in Polish). Retrieved 31 October 2019.
5. Jacek Kusznier, Elektrycy w historii Politechniki Białostockiej, "Maszyny Elektryczne - Zeszyty Problemowe", Nr 4/2018, p. 163 (in Polish)
6. "Russia: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1898. hdl:2027/njp.32101020157267.
7. "Białystok". Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. New York: Yivo Institute for Jewish Research. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
8. "Russia: Principal Towns: European Russia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440.
9. Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), "Bialystok", Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 213, OL 6112221M
10. "Poland: Directory". Europa World Year Book. Taylor & Francis. 2004. p. 3463+. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
11. "Culture.pl". Warsaw: Adam Mickiewicz Institute. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
12. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.
13. "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Poland". Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 30 April 2015.
14. "Concise Statistical Yearbook of Poland 2014". Central Statistical Office of Poland. Review Tables: Cities

Bibliography

• "Byelostok", Jewish Encyclopedia, 3, New York, 1907, hdl:2027/osu.32435029752920
• "Byelostok", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424 – via Internet Archive
• "Bialystok". Russia. Leipzig: Karl Baedeker. 1914. hdl:2027/gri.ark:/13960/t6zw2kd65. OCLC 1328163 – via HathiTrust.
• William Henry Beable (1919), "Byelystok", Russian Gazetteer and Guide, London: Russian Outlook
• Rebecca Kobrin (7 May 2010). Jewish Bialystok and its Diaspora. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-00428-4.

External links

• Map of Bialystok, 1967 (via Digital Public Library of America)