The Outsider (Dishonored)

The Outsider is a fictional supernatural being in Arkane Studios' Dishonored franchise, residing in an empty otherworldly dimension called the Void. After appearing in promotional webisodes, the character made his game debut in Dishonored (2012), where he grants magical powers to the player character. He serves a similar role in the game's sequel, Dishonored 2 (2016), though he may be rejected. The Outsider reappears in Dishonored: Death of the Outsider (2017), which follows former-assassin Billie Lurk as she attempts to kill or otherwise neutralize him. Within the series' fiction, the Outsider is one of many representations of the Void that have existed, and was originally a street urchin before being sacrificed by a cult. Voiced by Billy Lush in the first game, the actor was replaced by Robin Lord Taylor for Dishonored 2 onwards.

The Outsider
Dishonored character
The Outsider as he appears in Dishonored 2
First appearanceDishonored (2012)
Last appearanceDeath of the Outsider (2017)
Created byArkane Studios
Voiced by

The character has often been viewed as a sort of trickster god, though director Harvey Smith has denied this interpretation. His sacrifice drew comparisons with the ancient Greek pharmakos by one writer, who would be brought to work on Death of the Outsider. Others commented on the Outsider and the Void as figures of choice, or related them to the open-ended gameplay of the series. The character has received a negative reception from some critics, though has been praised by others.

Appearances

Dishonored (2012)

In the lead-up to Dishonored's release, the Outsider was introduced in more detail in The Tales from Dunwall, a series of webisodes giving more information on the game's lore. "The Hand that Feeds", the second episode, tells of one character the Outsider gifted powers to. An unnamed boy is ostracized and beaten by the other boys he knows, his only friend a white rat. One night while the boy is hiding in an alley, the Outsider appears and grants the boy his mark. Emboldened by his new powers, the boy finds his "tormentors" and uses the mark to unleash a swarm of rats over them, but one of the rats bites him in the process and infects him with the plague. In his last days, succumbing to the sickness, the boy searches in vain for the Outsider to thank him, as he "would no longer have to live in fear, for what little life he had left".[1]

The Outsider then made his game debut in Dishonored, voiced by Billy Lush. In Dishonored, the player plays as Corvo Attano, bodyguard to the Empress. After the Empress is murdered and her daughter kidnapped by Daud, an assassin marked by the Outsider, Corvo is framed for her murder by the new Lord Regent. Corvo escapes six months after and joins with the Loyalists, who wish to rescue the Empress's daughter, put her on the throne, and use Corvo to systematically eliminate the Lord Regent's core allies and then himself. The night after Corvo meets the Loyalists, the Outsider visits Corvo in a dream and marks him, granting him magical powers. He also gifts Corvo a living heart, which gives him the secrets of anyone it's pointed at. If the player finds shrines to the Outsider during the game's missions, the Outsider will discuss Corvo's current mission and his choices during it.

The Outsider kickstarts the story of The Knife of Dunwall and The Brigmore Witches, the game's downloadable content, where he first informs Daud of "Delilah"; this leads Daud to begin investigating her and then work on thwarting her plans. Like in the main game, the player find his shrines across the levels, whereupon the Outsider will comment on Daud and the player's choices so far.

Dishonored 2 (2016)
Robin Lord Taylor voices the Outsider in Dishonored 2 and Death of the Outsider, replacing Billy Lush in the role.

For Dishonored 2, artists looked again at the Outsider, making slight alterations to some details and giving him a more balanced silhouette.[2] Robin Lord Taylor replaced Lush as the voice of the character. Lush appeared in the Dishonored 2 reveal trailer, but has said he did not receive any further calls about the role afterwards.[3] The character was Taylor's first role in a video game, as well as his first outside of live-action. Taylor was not familiar with the game beforehand, but studied Lush's "amazing" performance in preparation of the role and was given detailed information on the character and the world by Arkane.[4]

In the game, the player can choose to play as Corvo Attano or Empress Emily Kaldwin. After the throne is usurped by the witch Delilah and Corvo's powers robbed of him, the Outsider appears again to offer the mark. The player may deny him and play the game without powers, if they wish.[5] The Outsider appears a few more times, at shrines and at one point where he drags the player into the Void to give them more information on Delilah. During this time, he recounts how he was tied down and sacrificed against his will to become "a god".

Death of the Outsider (2017)

Death of the Outsider was intended to bring the initial story arc of the Dishonored games, following the Outsider and the aftereffects of the Empress's assassination, to a close.[6] The game follows Billie Lurk on a quest to kill or otherwise neutralize the Outsider at the behest of an aged Daud, her former mentor. After rescuing Daud from the clutches a cult devoted to worshipping the Outsider, Daud tells Billie of his plan to kill the "black-eyed bastard". That night the Outsider visits her in a dream, forcibly replacing her arm and left-eye with Void-touched substitutes which grant her magical abilities. Billie searches for the knife used to originally sacrifice the Outsider, which is carefully guarded by the cult and may be used to kill him. After she finds it, the Outsider informs her that Daud has passed away.

Billie tracks the cult to an isolated mountain that leaks physically into the Void. There she finds the Outsider's physical presence, carefully guarded by cultists and encased in stone, surrounded by Daud and other dead spirits wandering the Void. The player may choose to kill the Outsider here. Alternatively, they may discover that the Outsider's mark is actually his forgotten name, taken from him by the ritual and written in the language of the dead, and that if given back this name will undo the ritual and turn the Outsider human once more. The player may then instead convince Daud to forgive the Outsider and whisper the Outsider his name, setting him free to live a new life. In the epilogue, Billie muses that without the Outsider there is no one to choose who will or won't be touched by the Void's magic.

Character and analysis

Within the context of the Dishonored universe, the Outsider is a representation of the Void. The Void is eternal, though "every few thousands of years" it has an avatar that watches over it.[7] The Outsider himself is not the first god to act as such a representation, nor may he necessarily be the last.[6] He was originally a "vulnerable" street urchin, until he was found by a cult, kidnapped and ritually sacrificed to turn him into what he is now.[7] As a god, he appears as a young man with iris-less, black eyes. A religious order known as the Abbey of the Everyman work to oppose the Outsider, magic and witchcraft.

Gaming critic Robert Rath compared the Outsider to Satan in the Book of Job, considering the Outsider as a tempter figure who provides Corvo with the power that may ultimately "doom" both him and Dunwall. Rath notes the most violent powers the Outsider provides Corvo are the "most effective, visually striking and fun", and sees him as silently encouraging Corvo to give into his baser instincts. The Heart, meanwhile, often "spoonfeeds" Corvo the justifications for killing the people he comes across, easily leading to a slippery slope justified by faux-"righteousness". Rath supports this position with how other characters gifted by the Outsider—Daud, Granny Rags, Piero—all seem headed for "a bad end", destabilizing Dunwall in the progress.[8] Jeff Howard considered the Outsider a "trickster figure" whose "moral Otherness" from the rest of Dunwall society allowed the magic of the franchise's world to be an "amoral force", whose uses are left up to the player.[9] Frank G. Bosman sees the Outsider as a "morally neutral" figure whose ties to the Biblical Leviathan represent an association with the primal chaos before creation. With the Outsider as a figure of "chaos and anarchy" whose grace is "arbitrary", the Abbey in opposition to him fight for "order, discipline, separation and rationality", and more negatively "for the inclination of domination and control"—thereby themselves becoming complicit in the oppression of the common people by Dunwall's elite.[10]

Game director Harvey Smith, 2006

Harvey Smith denied interpretations that the Outsider was a trickster god, or that he was completely "amoral" or "indifferent". Dishonored 2 intended to detail more of his backstory, with Smith describing him as someone who "suffered great abuse" before becoming the Outsider and now "struggles to maintain some sort of human consciousness".[11] Ricardo Bare, lead technical designer of the first Dishonored, acknowledged the Outsider had done things that reminded people of trickster gods, but preferred to related him to the Jungian shadow self. He commented that the Outsider had qualities "which represent the unconscious, mystery, secret or repressed desires, creativity, etc."[12] Elsewhere, Smith has called the Outsider an "observer character".[13] Arkane had tried to make the character come across as sarcastic, though found difficulties where players would misread the character and take his lines as sincere endorsements.[7]

Hazel Monforton, writing for PC Gamer, used the Outsider's sacrifice to compare him to the ancient Greek social ritual, the pharmakos.[14] For her comments on the character, Monforton was brought to work on Death of the Outsider.[15] GamesRadar's Alex Avard considered the ending of Death of the Outsider to "shatter all of our preconceived notions" by revealing him to be an "incarcerated victim" rather than a "machiavellian villain".[16] On the third game's ending, The A.V. Club's Matt Gerardi commented: "[The Outsider]'s ultimate symbol of the abuse that Dishonored's many monstrous characters perform and a reminder that [...] humanity's inclination to do evil to each other is a far greater threat than some unknowable agent".[17]

Bit-Tech's Joe Martin, meanwhile, compared the Outsider to the design team and Corvo to the player: "It could be like giving a handgun to a toddler or a textbook to a genius—and Arkane/The Outsider are merchants of mischief, desperate to find out which."[18] Jim Rossignol of Rock, Paper, Shotgun echoed the comparison, calling Dishonored "an elegy to the art required to create it".[19] In response to a comparison between the Outsider and the developer, director Harvey Smith did comment that the team "joked" that the Outsider's responses, though not fourth-wall breaking, were directed at the player themselves.[20] Taylor described the character as "in many ways" "the narrator of this experience".[21] Art director Sébastien Mitton called the Outsider a twisted projection of the player, giving this as a reason for the character's "androgynous" look.[22] Javy Gwaltney, for Game Informer, wrote that the Outsider was "an embodiment of what Dishonored is all about: an intersection between our choices and our identity, a celebration of the flexible design of immersive sims themselves, and the responsibility that comes with great power".[23] Eurogamer's Andreas Inderwildi felt that inherent in the act of playing the game, the player "align[ed]" themself with the Outsider and the Void: "Its openness, flexibility and emergent design mean that you cannot help but act like the Outsider who sees many paths where others see just one."[24]

Reception

The character has received criticism. In their reviews of the first game, Kill Screen called the character "severely undercharacterized" and called Billy Lush "half-asleep" in the role,[25] and Giant Bomb felt the mystery behind him was never satisfyingly explained.[26] Rock, Paper, Shotgun writers together criticized the character. Jim Rossignol praised the mythology behind him, but called the Outsider himself "a bit... teen vampire?" They speculated that other Outsider details were being saved for sequels, though Adam Smith felt the Outsider worked well "as a suggestion"; sentiments agreed by Alec Meer and Rossignol, though they wished the character was more something "implied" rather than someone the players met.[27] Kirk Hamilton of Kotaku contrasted him unfavorably to the Lutece Twins from BioShock Infinite, similar characters in a "mysterious stranger" role.[28] For his appearance in Dishonored 2, Meer commented that the Outsider was even "worse", calling him "arguably the least convincing element of Dishonored 1".[29] In the lead-up to Death of the Outsider's release, Rock, Paper, Shotgun's Adam Smith criticized the character and wrote how he would be glad to kill him. Smith called the character "condescending and smug", and felt that the more fantastical elements of the Dishonored world were "a distraction" from the rest of the series' "grungy reality and messy class conflicts".[30]

Describing the character as a "returning favorite", however, Polygon's Allegra Frank reported on a divide between fans on the character's recast, quoting comments supportive of the old voice that questioned how well the new take fit with the character.[3] Jeremy Peel of PCGamesN defended Taylor's casting in response to fan complaints that the character sounded too young, with the argument that the Outsider was an "adolescent god"; Peel wrote that Lush had also not given the character "thespian gravity" and instead "also sounded young—and more than that, human".[12] Brenna Hillier described the Outsider as their favourite part of the Dishonored universe, praising the game's ability to show off "real ambiguity" and the many ways the Outsider could react to the player. Hillier commented on fan depictions of the character.[22] Gwaltney argued that the Outsider was "one of gaming's greatest characters".[23] In his review for Death of the Outsider, however, Gwaltney criticized the Outsider's "habit" of popping up throughout Death "with frustratingly dull philosophy 101 questions".[31]

References
  1. Senior, Tom (26 September 2012). "Dishonored: Tales from Dunwall part 2 introduces the Outsider". PC Gamer. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
  2. Webster, Andrew (26 September 2016). "The concept art behind Dishonored 2's menacing characters". The Verge. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
  3. Frank, Allegra (2 November 2016). "Time to get used to Dishonored 2's new take on a beloved character". Polygon. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
  4. Kozanitis, James (16 November 2016). "Dishonored 2's Robin Lord Taylor: Video Games Are The New Paradigm For Acting". Game Revolution. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
  5. Frank, Allergra (13 June 2016). "You can play Dishonored 2 without using any powers at all". Polygon. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
  6. O'Brien, Lucy (23 August 2017). "Gamescom 2017: Why Death of the Outsider is the End of Dishonored as We Know It". IGN. Retrieved 5 December 2017.
  7. Reiner, Andrew (25 August 2017). "Find Out Why Dishonored: Death Of The Outsider Could Be The Series' Final Act". Game Informer. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
  8. Rath, Robert (16 January 2014). "The Devil and Corvo Attano". Critical Intel. The Escapist. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
  9. Howard, Jeff (2014). "Dishonored". Game Magic: A Designer's Guide to Magic Systems in Theory and Practice. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. pp. 73–75. ISBN 978-1-4665-6787-0.
  10. Bosman, Frank G. (2014). "'The Lamb of Comstock': Dystopia and Religion in Video Games". Online - Heidelberg Journal of Religions on the Internet. 05: 162–182. doi:10.11588/rel.2014.0.12163. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
  11. Tan, Nicholas (8 September 2016). "Interview: Dishonored 2's Harvey Smith Believes Dishonored TV Series Would Be 'Cool' and Better Than a Movie". Game Revolution. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
  12. Peel, Jeremy (18 November 2016). "Dishonored 2's Outsider isn't 'too young' – he's a juvenile god in a classical Greek tragedy". PCGamesN. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
  13. Kuchera, Ben (25 June 2012). "Dishonored's two lead designers talk about magic, 'breaking' the game, and amoral power". Penny Arcade Report. Archived from the original on 18 February 2013. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
  14. Monforton, Hazel (20 December 2016). "Uncovering the meaning of the Outsider, Dishonored's misunderstood god". PC Gamer. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
  15. McKeand, Kirk (23 August 2017). "One of Dishonored: Death of the Outsider's writers was hired because of her great tweets". PCGamesN. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
  16. Avard, Alex (18 September 2017). "6 questions we have after completing Dishonored: Death of the Outsider". GamesRadar. Retrieved 5 December 2017.
  17. Gerardi, Matt (27 September 2017). "Dishonored's anti-establishment rage finally boils over in Death Of The Outsider". The A.V. Club. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
  18. Martin, Joe (8 October 2012). "Dishonored review". Bit-Tech. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
  19. "Magnificent And Important Advent Calendar: Day 21". Rock, Paper, Shotgun. 21 December 2012. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
  20. Thursten, Chris (26 April 2012). "Dishonored video interview: Harvey Smith and Raf Colantonio talk player freedom". PC Gamer. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
  21. Bamber, Shaun (10 January 2017). "Hear Gotham's Robin Lord Taylor voice The Outsider for Dishonored 2 video". Stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
  22. Hillier, Brenna (24 November 2016). "Hands up if you'd bang Dishonored 2's Outsider". VG247. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
  23. Gwaltney, Javy (27 September 2017). "The Virtual Life – Why The Outsider Is One Of Gaming's Greatest Characters". Game Informer. Retrieved 5 December 2017.
  24. Inderwildi, Andreas (4 December 2017). "The metaphysics of Dishonored". Eurogamer. Retrieved 5 December 2017.
  25. Richardson, Ben (n.d.). "The Kill Screen Review: Dishonored, a stew with too many ingredients". Kill Screen. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
  26. Klepek, Patrick (7 October 2012). "Dishonored Review". Giant Bomb. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
  27. Rossignol, Jim; Smith, Adam; Walker, John; Meer, Alec (9 October 2012). "The RPS Verdict: Dishonored". Rock, Paper, Shotgun. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
  28. Hamilton, Kirk (16 April 2013). "BioShock Infinite vs. Dishonored: The Comparison We Had To Make". Kotaku. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
  29. Meer, Alec (11 November 2016). "A Few Petty Grievances About Dishonored 2". Rock, Paper, Shotgun. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
  30. Smith, Adam (24 August 2017). "Dishonored 2: I can't wait to kill The Outsider". Rock, Paper, Shotgun. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
  31. Gwaltney, Javy (14 September 2017). "A Fine Finish". Game Informer. Retrieved 7 December 2017.
  • Arkane Studios (9 October 2012). Dishonored. Bethesda Softworks.
  • Arkane Studios (11 November 2016). Dishonored 2. Bethesda Softworks.
  • Arkane Studios (15 September 2017). Dishonored: Death of the Outsider. Bethesda Softworks.
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