The Hurricane (1999 film)

The Hurricane is a 1999 American biographical sports drama film directed and produced by Norman Jewison. The film stars Denzel Washington as Rubin "The Hurricane" Carter, a former middleweight boxer who was wrongly convicted for a triple murder in a bar in Paterson, New Jersey. The script was adapted by Armyan Bernstein and Dan Gordon from Carter's 1974 autobiography The Sixteenth Round: From Number 1 Contender To 45472 and the 1991 non-fiction work Lazarus and the Hurricane: The Freeing of Rubin "The Hurricane" Carter by Sam Chaiton and Terry Swinton.

The Hurricane
Theatrical release poster
Directed byNorman Jewison
Produced by
Screenplay by
Based onLazarus and the Hurricane
by Sam Chaiton
Terry Swinton
The Sixteenth Round: From Number 1 Contender To 45472
by Rubin Carter
Starring
Music byChristopher Young
CinematographyRoger Deakins
Edited byStephen Rivkin
Production
company
Distributed byUniversal Pictures (United States)
Buena Vista International (International)
Release date
  • December 29, 1999 (1999-12-29)
Running time
146 minutes
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$50 million[1]
Box office$74 million[1]

The film depicts Carter's arrest, his life in prison and how he was freed by the love and compassion of a teenager from Brooklyn named Lesra Martin and his Canadian foster family.[2] The film received positive reviews, but has been criticized for inaccuracies by some media outlets and participants in Carter's trials.

The film was released by Universal Pictures in the United States on December 29, 1999. It grossed $74 million against a budget of $50 million. Washington's performance was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor.

Plot

The film tells the story of middleweight boxer Rubin "The Hurricane" Carter, who was convicted of committing a triple murder in a bar in Paterson, New Jersey. His sentence was set aside after he had spent nearly 20 years in prison. The film concentrates on Rubin Carter's life between 1966 and 1985. It describes his fight against the conviction for triple murder and how he copes with nearly 20 years in prison.

A parallel plot follows Lesra Martin, an underprivileged Afro-American youth from Brooklyn, now living in Toronto. In the 1980s, the child becomes interested in Carter's life and circumstances after reading Carter's autobiography. He convinces his Canadian foster family to commit themselves to Carter's case. The story culminates with Carter's legal team's successful pleas to Judge H. Lee Sarokin of the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey.

In 1966, Rubin "The Hurricane" Carter was a top-ranked middleweight boxer, expected by many fans to become the world's greatest boxing champion. When three victims, specifically the club's bartender and a male and a female customer, were shot to death in a bar in Paterson, New Jersey, Carter and his friend John Artis, driving home from another club in Paterson, were stopped and interrogated by the police.

Although the police asserted that Carter and Artis were innocent and thus, "were never suspects," a man named Alfred Bello, a suspect himself in the killings, claimed that Carter and Artis were present at the time of the murders. On the basis of Bello's testimony, Carter and Artis were convicted of the triple homicide in the club, Carter was given three consecutive life sentences.

Throughout the trial, Carter proclaimed his innocence, claiming that his race, his boxing career and status and his work as a civil rights activist were the real reasons for his conviction. Eight years later, Bello and a co-suspect, Arthur Bradley, who also claimed that Carter was present at the scene of the crimes, renounced and recanted their testimony. However, Carter and Artis were convicted once again.

Afterwards, the plot goes back to Lesra Martin, who works with a trio of Canadian activists to push the State of New Jersey to reexamine Carter's case.

In 1985, a Federal District Court ruled that the prosecution in Carter's second trial committed "grave constitutional violations" and that his conviction was based on racism rather than facts. As a result, Carter was finally freed, and he summed up his story by saying, "Hate got me into this place, love got me out."[2]

Cast

Production

Background

Norman Jewison got interested in a "Hurricane" Carter biopic in 1992.[3] Armyan Bernstein purchased the filming rights through Beacon Pictures, and went on to write the first scripts while establishing a financing partnership with Irving Azoff.[4] At first, Jewison felt the story was so extensive that it would fit better as a television miniseries.[3] Once Denzel Washington signed to play the title character, he went through long boxing training, and worked closely with Rubin Carter. Washington said, "He went through pots and pots of coffee and packs of cigarettes. I'd drink a little coffee. It's interesting and challenging when the person is there, alive and in the room."[5] Filming began in November 1998, with locations in both New Jersey – East Jersey State Prison in Trenton and the cities of Avenel and Paterson – and Toronto.[6]

Soundtrack
The Hurricane Soundtrack
Soundtrack album by
Various Artists
ReleasedJanuary 11, 2000
Recorded1999
GenreR&B, soul, hip hop, pop rock
LabelMCA
Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic[7]
HipHopPlus
# Title Performer(s) Writer(s) Length
1 "Hurricane" The Roots featuring Black Thought, Common, Mos Def, Dice Raw, Flo Brown and the Jazzyfatnastees Tariq Trotter, Tracey Moore, Mercedes Martinez, Karl Jenkins, Lonnie "Common" Lynn, Dante "Mos Def" Smith, Falana Brown, Scott Storch 5:39
2 "Little Brother" Black Star 4:01
3 "Love Sets You Free" Kelly Price and Aaron Hall 4:06
4 "I Don't Know" The Jazzyfatnastees 3:19
5 "Isolation" Meshell Ndegeocello 4:57
6 "The Revolution Will Not Be Televised" Gil Scott-Heron Heron 3:05
7 "One More Mountain (Free Again)" K-Ci & JoJo Diane Warren 3:41
8 "Hurricane" Bob Dylan Dylan, Jacques Levy 8:33
9 "Hard Times (No One Knows Better Than I)" Ray Charles Charles 2:55
10 "In The Basement part 1" Etta James Billy Davis, Raynard Miner, Carl Smith 2:22
11 "Still I Rise" Melky Sedeck 4:15
12 "I Don't Know" Ruth Brown Brook Benton, Bobby Stevenson 2:53
13 "So Amazing" Clark Anderson Anderson, Summer Anderson 4:32
14 "The Suite" Christopher Young Young 7:18

Release

Premiere

The Hurricane premiered on September 17, 1999, at the Toronto International Film Festival. It also was featured at the Berlin International Film Festival on February 17, 2000.

Two weeks prior to its opening in North America, a premiere for The Hurricane was held at the Mann Village Theater in Los Angeles. Many of the depicted people were in attendance. When asked about being portrayed by Denzel Washington, Rubin Carter replied that “I didn’t know I was that good-looking." The film was praised by Lesra Martin, who described it as "a stupendous depiction of accurate events", and John Artis, Carter's friend who was convicted with him, said he “was in awe to see what unfolded and not have to feel the pressure I felt at the time.” An objection was held by H. Lee Sarokin, the federal judge who freed Carter, saying that unlike his portrayal by Rod Steiger “I’m a lower-key guy.”[8]

Box office

The film opened in North American limited release on December 29, 1999. The first week's gross was $384,640 (11 screens) and the total receipts for the run were $50,668,906. In its widest release the film was featured in 2,148 theaters. It closed the week of April 14, 2000. The motion picture was in circulation sixteen weeks.[9]

Critical response

The film has an 83% approval rating at Rotten Tomatoes based on 113 reviews. The consensus reads: "Thanks in large part to one of Denzel Washington's most powerful on-screen performances, The Hurricane is a moving, inspirational sports drama, even if it takes few risks in telling its story."[10] Roger Ebert, film critic for the Chicago Sun Times, liked the film and the acting, and wrote, "This is one of Denzel Washington's great performances, on a par with his work in Malcolm X.... Washington as Hurricane Carter is spare, focused, filled with anger and pride.... This is strong stuff, and I was amazed, after feeling some impatience in the earlier reaches of the film, to find myself so deeply absorbed in its second and third acts, until at the end I was blinking at tears. What affects me emotionally at the movies is never sadness, but goodness."[11] Metacritic gave the score a film of 74 based on 30 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[12]

Regarding the "fictionalized" aspects of the film, Ebert discussed why that is often the case in films: "Several people have told me dubiously that they heard the movie was 'fictionalized'. Well, of course it was. Those who seek the truth about a man from the film of his life might as well seek it from his loving grandmother. Most biopics, like most grandmothers, see the good in a man and demonize his enemies. They pass silently over his imprudent romances. In dramatizing his victories, they simplify them. And they provide the best roles to the most interesting characters. If they didn't, we wouldn't pay to see them." He added, "The Hurricane is not a documentary but a parable, in which two lives are saved by the power of the written word."[11]

Film critic Stephen Holden, writing for The New York Times, had mixed views of the film but did like the acting. He wrote, "In telling the story of Mr. Carter's protracted and ultimately successful fight for freedom and justice, The Hurricane rides to glory on an astonishing performance by Denzel Washington.... That is to say, Mr. Washington leans into an otherwise schlocky movie and slams it out of the ballpark. If his Hurricane is an inspiring portrait of nobility, it is because the actor never conceals the demons of fury and despair gnawing beneath his character's forcefully articulate surface."[13]

Holden was forthright about the veracity of the film, writing, "The film is so eager to stir us up that it thinks little of bending the facts for dramatic effect. Among its most egregious distortions is its depiction of Mr. Carter's 1964 middleweight title match with Joey Giardello. The movie (which has fine, naturalistic boxing sequences) inaccurately portrays the fight as lost by Carter solely because of the judges' racism. The taking of such license, of course, adds an extra jolt of drama. But when these and other distortions and exaggerations are added up, it's worth wondering if that self-congratulatory glow the movie leaves us with has been gotten far too easily and at what cost."[13]

Jewison considers The Hurricane his best work.[14]

Wins
  • Berlin International Film Festival: Prize of the Guild of German rt House Cinemas, Norman Jewison; Silver Berlin Bear, Best Actor, Denzel Washington' 2000.
  • Black Reel Awards: Black Reel; Theatrical, Best Actor; Denzel Washington; 2000.
  • Golden Globes: Golden Globe; Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture, Drama; Denzel Washington; 2000.
  • Image Awards: Image Award; Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture, Denzel Washington; 2000.

Nominations
  • Academy Awards: Oscar; Best Actor in a Leading Role; Denzel Washington; 2000.
  • Screen Actors Guild Awards: Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role; Denzel Washington; 2000.
  • Berlin International Film Festival: Golden Berlin Bear, Norman Jewison; 2000.
  • Blockbuster Entertainment Awards: Blockbuster Entertainment Award, Favorite Actor, Drama, Denzel Washington; 2000.
  • Chicago Film Critics Association Awards: CFCA Award; Best Actor; Denzel Washington; 2000.
  • Golden Globes: Golden Globe; Best Director, Motion Picture, Norman Jewison; Best Motion Picture – Drama; 2000.
  • Image Awards: Image Award; Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture Debbi Morgan, Outstanding Motion Picture; 2000.
  • Political Film Society: PFS Award; Democracy, Exposé, Human Rights; 2001

Controversy

Film accuracy

The film was criticized for misrepresenting many of the facts of Carter's life and the case itself, as documented in both his criminal and military records, and police reports and court documentation. Such critics include: Herald-News reporter Cal Deal;[15] Larry Elder;[16] Thomas Clough; Barbara Burns, the daughter of victim Hazel Tanis; George Kimball of The Irish Times;[17] Milan Simonich of the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette; Lona Manning;[18] The New York Times reporter Robert Lipsyte;[19] Paul Mulshine of The Star-Ledger; and Jack Newfield of the New York Post, who stated, "I knew Rubin Carter, attended his fights, covered his retrial and I didn't see much reality on the screen." The New Yorker film critic David Denby called it: "False, evasive and factually very thin – a liberal fairytale."[20]

The film contains several historical inaccuracies, all such as to give Rubin a portrait of an unjustly persecuted victim that does not properly correspond to reality.[21][22][23]

  • He didn't stab a pedophile to protect him and a friend of his (as shown in the movie), in reality it was a robbery assault.
  • Carter went to jail at the age of 14, and he was convicted of three armed robberies before his boxing career.
  • In his military career he was recalled four times by court-martial and later discharged for inadequacy for service, therefore his return as a decorated soldier is not true.
  • It is not true that the two juries were both made up entirely of white people, the second contained two black people and also they were convinced of Carter's guilt.
  • Canadian investigators found no new clues and were never threatened or attacked.

Lawsuit

Former middleweight World Champion Joey Giardello sued the film's producers for libel over the depiction of his fight with Carter as a "racist fix." "This is a joke, [he told the New York Daily News] he never hit me that much in 15 rounds. Virtually every boxing expert then and now will tell you I won the fight." Referee Robert Polis who scored the fight 72–66 in Giardello's favor stated: "They portrayed Joey Giardello as an incompetent fighter. I thought it was ludicrous."[24] Even Carter himself agreed that Giardello was the rightful victor.[25]

Eventually, the case was settled out of court, with the producers paying the retired champion damages and with Jewison agreeing to make a statement on the DVD version that "Giardello no doubt was a great fighter."[26]

See also

References
  1. "The Hurricane". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2016-05-12.
  2. Deming, Mark. "The Hurricane". Answers.com. Retrieved 2012-10-27.
  3. Archerd, Army (2 February 2000). "Jewison's tuner dreams dashed". Retrieved 21 April 2017.
  4. Frook, John Evan (8 March 1993). "Rand novel a giant project". Retrieved 21 April 2017.
  5. Jensen, Jorn Rossing Archived 2007-10-28 at the Wayback Machine. The Berlin International Film Festival, February 17, 2000.
  6. Variety Staff (6 November 1998). "Players". Retrieved 21 April 2017.
  7. https://www.allmusic.com/album/r460424
  8. Higgins, Bill (December 15, 1999). "'Hurricane' warning". Variety. Retrieved April 21, 2017.
  9. The Numbers box office data. Last accessed: December 14, 2007.
  10. The Hurricane at Rotten Tomatoes. Last accessed: August 5, 2012.
  11. Ebert, Roger (January 7, 2000). "The Hurricane". RogerEbert.com. Ebert Digital LLC. Retrieved April 21, 2017.
  12. "The Hurricane Reviews". Metacritic.
  13. Holden, Stephen. "Fighting The Demons Within", The New York Times, 29 December 1999. Last accessed: November 20, 2007.
  14. Westbrook, Caroline Archived 2007-11-11 at the Wayback Machine. "We talk to movie legend Norman Jewison," Jewish.co.uk.
  15. Deal, Cal. "The Hurricane" Misleads a Trusting Public.
  16. ""Hurricane" warning". Jewish World Review article by Larry Elder. February 4, 2000. Retrieved 2006-10-23.
  17. Kimball, George. Truth is swept aside by Hurricane.
  18. "TopTen Myths about..... Rubin Hurricane Carter and the Lafayette Grill Murders". The Lafayette Library, Lona Manning's collection of articles and legal documents about the Lafayette Grill murders. Retrieved 2006-10-23.
  19. NYtimes.com, "Once Again, Giardello Is in the Eye of the Storm"
  20. "Patriot games". The Sunday Herald. February 13, 2000.
  21. Kelly, Mike. "Archive: Doubts, errors, unknowns still haunt the case of 'Hurricane' Carter, John Artis". North Jersey Media Group. Retrieved 2020-10-29.
  22. "Rubin Carter". Biography. Retrieved 2020-10-29.
  23. "la Repubblica/cinema_recensioni: Denzel, la rabbia del pugile in carcere". www.repubblica.it. Retrieved 2020-10-29.
  24. "Boxer sues Hurricane's makers". BBC News. February 19, 2000. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  25. "Video". CNN. February 28, 2000.
  26. Stephen Brunt. The Italian Stallions: Heroes Of Boxing's Glory Days Sport Classic Books. 2003 p213 ISBN 1-894963-03-2
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