Textual variants in the Acts of the Apostles

Textual variants in the Acts of the Apostles are the subject of the study called textual criticism of the New Testament. Textual variants in manuscripts arise when a copyist makes deliberate or inadvertent alterations to a text that is being reproduced. An abbreviated list of textual variants in this particular book is given in this article below.

Most of the variations are not significant and some common alterations include the deletion, rearrangement, repetition, or replacement of one or more words when the copyist's eye returns to a similar word in the wrong location of the original text. If their eye skips to an earlier word, they may create a repetition (error of dittography). If their eye skips to a later word, they may create an omission. They may resort to performing a rearranging of words to retain the overall meaning without compromising the context. In other instances, the copyist may add text from memory from a similar or parallel text in another location. Otherwise, they may also replace some text of the original with an alternative reading. Spellings occasionally change. Synonyms may be substituted. A pronoun may be changed into a proper noun (such as "he said" becoming "Jesus said"). John Mill's 1707 Greek New Testament was estimated to contain some 30,000 variants in its accompanying textual apparatus[1] which was based on "nearly 100 [Greek] manuscripts."[2] Peter J. Gurry puts the number of non-spelling variants among New Testament manuscripts around 500,000, though he acknowledges his estimate is higher than all previous ones.[3]

Legend

A guide to the symbols used in the body of this article.

number beginning with "0": uncial
number not beginning with "0": minuscule
Byz: Byzantine text-type
cop: Coptic versions
eth: Ethiopian versions
ƒ: Family
geo: Georgian versions
it: Itala (Old Latin/Vetus Latina)
lat: Vulgate and some Itala versions
UPPER CASE letter: Greek uncial manuscript
lower case letter/s: Vetus Latin manuscript
𝔐: Majority Text
mss: manuscripts
${\mathfrak {P}}$ : papyrus
ℓ or Lect.: lectionary
rell: reliqui; "all other extant manuscripts"
slav: Slavic versions
syr: Syriac versions
TR: Textus Receptus
vg: Vulgate

Notable manuscripts

Notable textual variants

Acts 1:5

ἔως τῆς πεντηκοστῆς – D, cop^sa

Acts 1:10.11

εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν – omitted by D, 33^c, 242, 326*

Acts 2:5

κατοικοῦντες Ἰουδαῖοι, ἄνδρες εὐλαβεῖς – A, B

κατοικοῦντες εν Ἰερουσαλὴμ, ἄνδρες Ἰουδαῖοι – C³ (Ἰουδαῖοι ἄνδρες), D (εὐλαβεῖς ἄνδρες), E^a (Ἰουδαῖοι κατοικοῦντες), Ψ, 049, 056, 0142, 33, 81, 88, 104, 181, 326, 330, 436, 451, 614, 629, 630, 945, 1241, 1505, 1739, 1877, 2127, 2412, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect

κατοικοῦντες ἄνδρες εὐλαβεῖς – א, it^ph, syr^p

κατοικοῦντες Ιουδαιοι – ℓ 603

Acts 2:11-22 from Uncial 076

Acts 2:14

ενδεκα – majority

δεκα αποστολος – D*

Acts 4:24

συ – 𝔓⁷⁴, א, A, B, 2495

συ ει – vg^cl

συ ο θεος – D E P Ψ 049 056 0142 104 326 330 436 451 614 629 945 1241 1505 1739 2412 2492 Byz Lect e gig

συ ει ο θεος – 2127, ℓ 680, ℓ 1443, d, cop^sa

κυριε ο θεος – 33, 181, 1877, syr^{p, h}

κυριε συ – 88 (arm συ κυριος)

κυριε – ar

Acts 5:3

ὁ Πέτρος Ἁνανία – majority of manuscripts of all the Alexandrian, Caesarean, and Byzantine text-types

Πέτρος πρὸς Ἁνανίαν – D, Ψ

πρὸς αὐτόν ὁ Πέτρος Ἁνανίαν – E, 321

Acts 5:28

ου παραγγελια – א^c, D^gr, E, P, (Ψ ουχι), 049, 056, 0142, 88, 104, 181, 326, 330, 436, 451, 614, 629, 630, 945, 1241, 1505, 1739, 1877, 2127, 2412, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect, e, h, p, syr^{p, h}, cop^sa, arm, eth

παραγγελια – 𝔓⁷⁴, א*, A, B, ℓ 147, ar, d, gig, vg, cop^sa

Act 8:26-32 from 𝔓⁵⁰

Acts 8:37

εἶπε δὲ ὁ Φίλιππος, εἰ πιστεύεις ἐξ ὅλης τῆς καρδίας, ἔξεστιν ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ ειπε, πιστεύω τὸν υἱὸν του θεου ειναι τὸν Ιησουν Χριστον – 104, 323, 453, 945, 1739, 1891, 2818, ℓ 59

εἶπε δὲ αὐτῷ ὁ Φίλιππος, ἐὰν πιστεύεις ἐξ ὅλης τῆς καρδίας σου, σωθήσει ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ ειπε, πιστεύω εἰς τὸν Χριστὸν τὸν υἱὸν του θεου – Ε^a, it^e

εἶπε δὲ, εἰ πιστεύεις ἐξ ὅλης τῆς καρδίας, ἔξεστιν ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ ὁ εὐνοῦχος ειπεν αὐτῷ, πιστεύω τὸν υἱὸν του θεου ειναι τὸν Ιησουν Χριστον – 88

verse omitted by 𝔓⁴⁵, 𝔓⁷⁴, א, A, B, C, P, Ψ, 049, 056, 0142, 33, 81, 88*, 104, 181, 326, 330, 436, 451, 614, 1241, 1505, 2127, 2412, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect

Acts 8:39

πνεῦμα ἅγιον ἐπέπεσεν ἐπὶ τὸν εὐνοῦχον, ἄγγελος δέ κύριου ἥρπασεν τὸν Φίλιππον (the Holy Spirit fell on the eunuch, and an angel of the Lord caught up Philip) – A, 36^a, 94, 103, 307, 322, 323, 385, 453, 467, 945, 1739, 1765, 1891, 2298, it^p, vg, syr^h

Acts 10:25

Codex Bezae has an addition: "And as Peter was drawing near to Caesarea one of the servants ran forward and announced that he was come."

Acts 11:20

Ελληνιστας – B D^b E P Ψ 049 056 0142 81 88 104 181 326 330 436 451 614 629 630 945 1241 1505 1739 1877 2127 2412 2492 2495 Byz Lect

Ελληνας – 𝔓⁷⁴ Sinaiticus^c, A D arm

ευαγγελιστας – Sinaiticus

Acts 12:25

εις Ιερουσαλημ (to Jerusalem) – א, B, H, L, P, 049, 056, 0142, 81, 88, 326, 330, 451, 629, 1241, 1505, 1877, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect

εξ Ιερουσαλημ (from Jerusalem) – 𝔓⁷⁴, A, 33, 69, 630, 2127

απο Ιερουσαλημ (from Jerusalem) – D, Ψ, 181, 436, 614, 2412, ℓ 147, ℓ 809, ℓ 1021, ℓ 1141, ℓ 1364, ℓ 1439, ar, d, gig, vg, Chrysostom

εις Αντιοχειαν (to Antioch) – 97^mg, 110, 328, 424^mg, 425^c

εις την Αντιοχειαν (to Antioch) – ℓ 38

απο Ιερουσαλημ εις Αντιοχειαν (from Jerusalem to Antioch) – E, 322, 323

εξ Ιερουσαλημ εις Αντιοχειαν (from Jerusalem to Antioch) – 429, 945, 1739, e, p, syr^p, cop^sa geo

εις Ιερουσαλημ εις Αντιοχειαν (to Jerusalem to Antioch) – 104, cop^sa (some mss.)

Acts 13:33

εν τω ψαλμω γεγραπται τω δευτερω (it is written in the second Psalm) – 𝔓⁷⁵, א, A, B, C, Ψ, 33 81 181 326 630 945 1739

εν τω ψαλμω τω δευτερω γεγραπται (it is written in the second Psalm) – Ε Π 049 88 104 330 436 451 614 629 1241 1505 1877 2127 2412 2492 2495 Byz

εν τω δευτερω ψαλμω γεγραπται (it is written in the second Psalm) – 056 0142

εν τω πρωτω ψαλμω γεγραπται (it is written in the first Psalm) – D* it

εν τοις ψαλμοις γεγραπται (it is written in Psalms) – 𝔓⁴⁵

εν τω ψαλμω γεγραπται (it is written in Psalm) – 522 1175

Acts 15:22–24 from the Codex Laudianus, written in parallel columns of Latin and Greek.

Acts 15:23

γραψαντης δια χειρος αυτων – 𝔓⁴⁵, 𝔓⁷⁴, א*, A, B, cop^bo

γραψαντης δια χειρος αυτων ταδε – א^c, E, (33), Byz, syr^h

γραψαντης δια χειρος αυτων επιστολην περιεχουσαν ταδε – C, ar, c, gig, w, geo

γραψαντης επιστολην δια χειρος αυτων περιεχουσαν ταδε – D, d

γραψαντης επιστολην δια χειρος αυτων εχουσαν τον τυπον τουτον – Ψ

γραψαντης δια χειρος αυτων επιστολην και πεμψαντες περιεχουσαν ταδε – 614.[4]

Acts 15:24

ψυχας υμων (your souls) – 𝔓³³, 𝔓⁴⁵, 𝔓⁷⁴, א, A, B, D, 33, 81, 629

ψυχας υμων λεγοντες περιτεμνεσθαι και τηρειν τον νομον (your souls, saying: you must be circumcised and keep the law) – C, E^a (περιτεμνεσθαι δει), P, Ψ, 049, 056, 0142, 88, 104, 181, 326, 330, 436, 451, 614, 630, 945, 1241, 1739, Byz

Acts 15:34

verse omitted by majority of the mss.

verse contained in C, 33, 88, 181, 326, 436, 614, 630, 945, 1739, 2412

Acts 17:26

εξ ενος – 𝔓⁷⁴, א, A, B, 33, 81, 181, 629, 630, 1739, vg, cop^{sa, bo}

εξ ενος αιματος – D, E, P, 049, 056, 0142, 88, 104, 326, 330, 436, 451, 614, 945, 1241, 1505, 1877, 2127, 2412, 2492, 2495, Byz Lect

εξ ενος στοματος – Ψ, ℓ 603

omitted by eth^ro

Acts 18:26

την οδον – D, d, gig

την οδον του θεου – 𝔓⁷⁴, א, A, B, 33, 88, 181, 326, 436, 614, 2412, ℓ 60, ℓ 1356

την οδον του κυριου – E, 1505, 2495, ℓ 598

τον λογον του κυριου – 945, 1739

τον λογον του θεου – 630

την του θεου οδον – P, Ψ, 049, 0142, 104, 330, 451, 1241, 1877, 2127, 2492, Byz, Lect

Acts 19:20

του κυριου ο λογος – א A B

ο λογος του κυριου – majority

η πιστις του κυριου – D, syr^p

Acts 20:15

και μειναντες εν Τρωγυλλιω (and after remaining at Trogyllium) – D P 049 88 181 326 330 451 614 945 1241 1505 1877 2127 2412 2492 2495

και μειναντες εν Στρογγυλιω (and after remaining at Strogyllium) – 056 0142

και μειναντες εν Στογυλιω (and after remaining at Stogyllium) – 104

μεινοντες εις το Γυλλιον (Gyllium) – Ψ

omit – 𝔓⁷⁴ א A B C E^gr 33 630 1739

Acts 20:28

εκκλησιαν του Θεου (church of God) – א B 614 1175 2495 al vg sy bo^ms

εκκλησιαν του κυριου (church of the Lord) – 𝔓⁷⁴, A, C*, D, E, Ψ, 33, 453, 945, 1739, 1891, 36^a

εκκλησιαν του κυριου και του Θεου (church of the Lord and God) – C³, Byz

Acts 21:1

Παταρα – א B E P Ψ 049 056 0142 33 88 104 181 326 330 436 451 614 629 630 945 1241 1505 1739 1877 2127 2412 2492 2495 Byz ar e vg syr^{p, h} cop^bo arm eth

Πατερα – 𝔓⁷⁴ A C

Παταρα και Μυρα – 𝔓⁴¹ D^gr gig (it^ph Hyram) vg^mss cop^sa

Acts 24:6b-8a

verse omitted by majority of the mss.

verse contained (with textual differences) in E, Ψ, 056, 0142, 33, 88, 181, 424, 436, 483, 614, 630, 945, 1505, 2412, 2495

Acts 24:20

ευρον αδικημα – 𝔓⁷⁴ א A B 33 81 181

ευρον εν εμοι αδικημα – C E P Ψ 049 056 0142 88 104 326 330 436 451 614 629 Byz

𝔓⁷⁴ with text Acts 27:14-21

Acts 27:16

Καυδα (name of island) – 𝔓⁷⁴, B, 1175, Old-Latin version, Vulgate, and Peshitta.[5]

Κλαυδα – א A 33 81 614 945 1739 2495, vg^mss (Codex Cavensis) syr^h

Κλαυδην – Byz

Γαυδην – Ψ

Acts 27:37

ως εβδομηκοντα (about seventy) – Epiphanius^pt

ως εβδομηκοντα εξ (about seventy-six) – B cop^sa Epiphanius^pt

εβδομηκοντα εξ (seventy-six) – 522 ℓ⁶⁸⁰

εκατον εβδομηκοντα εξ (one hundred seventy-six) – cop^{bo^mss}

διακοσιοι δεκα εξ (two hundred sixteen) – ℓ¹¹⁵⁶

διακοσιαι εβδομηκοντα (two hundred seventy) – 69 Ephraem

διακοσιαι εβδομηκοντα πεντε (two hundred seventy-five) – A cop^sa

διακοσιαι εβδομηκοντα εξ (two hundred seventy-six) – rell

Acts 27:41

απο της βιας (from the force) – א*

υπο της βιας (by the force) – A B arm geo

a vi maris (from the sea) – latt

των κυματων (of the waves) – ℓ¹⁴⁴¹ (w/obeli)

υπο των κυματων (by the waves) – Ψ 1678 2464 eth

υπο της βιας των ανεμων (by the force of the winds) – 629

απο της βιας των κυματων (from the force of the waves) – 104 ℓ⁵⁹⁹

υπο της βιας των κυματων (by the force of the waves) – 𝔓⁷⁴ א² rell

References

Adam Fox, John Mill and Richard Bentley: A Study of the Textual Criticism of the New Testament 1675–1729 (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1954), pp. 105–115; John Mill, Novum Testamentum Graecum, cum lectionibus variantibus MSS (Oxford 1707)
Metzger and Ehrman (2005), p.154
Peter J. Gurry, "The Number of Variants in the Greek New Testament: A Proposed Estimate" New Testament Studies 62.1 (2016), p. 113
NA26, p. 366.
NA26, p. 403.

External links

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[1] Adam Fox, John Mill and Richard Bentley: A Study of the Textual Criticism of the New Testament 1675–1729 (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1954), pp. 105–115; John Mill, Novum Testamentum Graecum, cum lectionibus variantibus MSS (Oxford 1707)

[2] Metzger and Ehrman (2005), p.154

[3] Peter J. Gurry, "The Number of Variants in the Greek New Testament: A Proposed Estimate" New Testament Studies 62.1 (2016), p. 113

[4] NA26, p. 366.

[5] NA26, p. 403.