Telluraves

Telluraves (also called land birds or core landbirds) is a recently defined[1] clade of birds defined by their arboreality.[2] Based on most recent genetic studies, the clade unites a variety of bird groups, including the australavians (passerines, parrots, seriamas, and falcons) as well as the afroavians (including the Accipitrimorphae – eagles, hawks, buzzards, vultures etc. – owls and woodpeckers, among others).[3] They appear to be the sister group of a newly defined clade centered on Aequornithes.[4]

Telluraves
Temporal range:
Late Cretaceous - Holocene, 66–0 Ma
European robin, Erithacus rubecula
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Clade: Neoaves
Clade: Inopinaves
Clade: Telluraves
Yuri et al., 2013
Clades

Given that the most basal extant members of both Afroaves (Accipitrimorphae, Strigiformes) and Australaves (Cariamiformes, Falconiformes) are carnivorous, it has been suggested that the last common ancestor of all Telluraves was probably a predator.[4] Other researchers are skeptical of this assessment, citing the herbivorous cariamiform Strigogyps as evidence to the contrary.[5]

Telluraves
Afroaves
Accipitrimorphae
 

Accipitriformes (hawks and relatives)

 
 

Cathartiformes (New World vultures)

 
 
 
 

Strigiformes (owls)

 
Coraciimorphae
 

Coliiformes (mousebirds)

 
Cavitaves
 

Leptosomiformes (cuckoo roller)

 
Eucavitaves
 

Trogoniformes (trogons)

 
Picocoraciae
 

Bucerotiformes (hornbills and relatives)

 
Picodynastornithes
 

Coraciiformes

 
 

Piciformes

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Australaves
 

Cariamiformes (seriemas)

 
Eufalconimorphae
 

Falconiformes (falcons)

 
Psittacopasserae
 

Psittaciformes (parrots)

 
 

Passeriformes (passerines)

 
 
 
 
 

Cladogram of Telluraves relationships based on Prum, R.O. et al. (2015)[6] with some clade names after Yuri, T. et al. (2013)[1] and Kimball et al. 2013.[7]

References
  1. Yuri, T.; et al. (2013). "Parsimony and Model-Based Analyses of Indels in Avian Nuclear Genes Reveal Congruent and Incongruent Phylogenetic Signals". Biology. 2 (1): 419–444. doi:10.3390/biology2010419. PMC 4009869. PMID 24832669.
  2. Crouch, N.M.A. Ramanauskas, K. & Igić, B. (2019) Tip-dating and the origin of Telluraves. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 131:55-63.
  3. Ericson, P. G. (2012). "Evolution of terrestrial birds in three continents: biogeography and parallel radiations" (PDF). Journal of Biogeography. 39 (5): 813–824. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02650.x. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-30.
  4. Jarvis, E. D.; Mirarab, S.; Aberer, A. J.; Li, B.; Houde, P.; Li, C.; Ho, S. Y. W.; Faircloth, B. C.; Nabholz, B.; Howard, J. T.; Suh, A.; Weber, C. C.; Da Fonseca, R. R.; Li, J.; Zhang, F.; Li, H.; Zhou, L.; Narula, N.; Liu, L.; Ganapathy, G.; Boussau, B.; Bayzid, M. S.; Zavidovych, V.; Subramanian, S.; Gabaldon, T.; Capella-Gutierrez, S.; Huerta-Cepas, J.; Rekepalli, B.; Munch, K.; et al. (2014). "Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds" (PDF). Science. 346 (6215): 1320–1331. doi:10.1126/science.1253451. PMC 4405904. PMID 25504713.
  5. Mayr, G. & Ritchter, G. (2011) Exceptionally preserved plant parenchyma in the digestive tract indicates a herbivorous diet in the Middle Eocene bird Strigogyps sapea (Ameghinornithidae). Paläontologische Zeitschrift, Volume 85, Issue 3, pp 303–307.
  6. Prum, R.O. et al. (2015) A comprehensive phylogeny of birds (Aves) using targeted next-generation DNA sequencing. Nature 526, 569–573.
  7. Kimball, R.T. et al. (2013) Identifying localized biases in large datasets: A case study using the Avian Tree of Life. Mol Phylogenet Evol. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.05.029


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