Tammuz (Hebrew month)

Tammuz (Hebrew: תַּמּוּז‎: Standard Tammuz, Tiberian Tammûz), or Tamuz, is the tenth month of the civil year and the fourth month of the ecclesiastical year on the Hebrew calendar, and the modern Assyrian calendar. It is a month of 29 days, which occurs on the Gregorian calendar around June–July.

This article is about the Hebrew month. For the Mesopotamian god after which the month takes its name, see Dumuzid. For the corresponding Babylonian month, see Tammuz (Babylonian calendar).

← Sivan       Tammuz (תַּמּוּז)       Av →
The Golden Calf
Tammuz is the month of the sin of the golden calf,
which resulted in Moses breaking the Ten Commandments.
Month number: 4
Number of days: 29
Season: Summer (Northern Hemisphere)
Gregorian equivalent: June–July
Inscription at the Irish Jewish Museum, with Gregorian and Hebrew dates.

The name of the month was adopted from the Assyrian and Babylonian month Araḫ Dumuzu, named in honour of the Mesopotamian deity Dumuzid.

Holidays in Tammuz

17 Tammuz – Seventeenth of Tammuz – (Fast Day)

17 Tammuz is a fast day from 1 hour before sunrise to sundown in remembrance of Jerusalem's walls being breached. 17 Tammuz is the beginning of The Three Weeks, in which Jews follow similar customs as the ones followed during the Omer from the day following Passover until the culmination of the mourning for the death of the students of Rabbi Akiva (the 33rd day of the Omer – such as refraining from marriage and haircuts.[1] The Three Weeks culminate with Tisha B'Av (9th of Av).
Ashkenazi communities refrain from wine and meat from the beginning of the month of Av, while Sefardi communities only do so from the second day of the month. The mourning continues until noon on the 10th of Av, the date on which the Second Temple's destruction was complete.

In Jewish history
This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

In fiction
  • In the story of Xenogears, Tammuz is the name of a country, named after the Hebrew month. In the official Japanese version translation, however, it was transliterated Tamuzu. This was later further changed by the translation process to "Thames" for the English version.

See also

References
  1. Ullman, Yirmiyahu. "Laws of the Three Weeks". Ohr Somayach. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
  2. This is according to the Talmud, Rosh Hashanah and Tur Orach Chaim 549. However, Karaite Jews continue to observe the fast on Tammuz 9.
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