Tait (train)

The Tait trains were a wooden bodied Electric Multiple Unit train that operated on the suburban railway network of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. They were introduced in 1910 by the Victorian Railways as steam locomotive hauled cars, and converted to electric traction from 1919 when the Melbourne electrification project was underway.[1] The trains derived their name from Sir Thomas James Tait, the chairman of commissioners of the Victorian Railways from 1903 to 1910.[2] The first cars were built during 1909 with the last entering service in 1952.[3]

Tait carriages
A Tait at Newport Workshops in 2014
The interior of a tait restored by ElecRail.
Designer	Victorian Railways
Assembly	Victorian Railways
Built at	Newport Workshops
Replaced	Steam-hauled carriages
Constructed	1910-1953
Entered service	1910 (as locomotive-hauled carriages) 1919 (as EMU cars)
Scrapped	1984
Number built	623
Fleet numbers	201-461M (Motor cars), 470-473M (double ended Motor cars) 201-265D (Driving trailers), 201-372T & 380-442T (Trailer cars) 1-103G (dual lighting trailers - Gas + electric)
Operator(s)	Victorian Railways (1910-1983) Metropolitan Transit Authority (1983-1984)
Depot(s)	Jolimont Workshops
Line(s) served	All Melbourne Suburban
Specifications
Car body construction	59 ft 9 in (18.21 m)
Car length	61 ft 8 ^1⁄2 in (18.81 m)
Width	9 ft 6 in (2.90 m)
Height	11 ft 8 ^7⁄8 in (3.58 m)
Wheelbase	50 ft (15.24 m) 8 ft (2.44 m) (bogie)
Maximum speed	50 mph (80 km/h)
Weight	M cars: 47 LT 16 cwt 0 qtr (48.57 t) (clerestory roof) M cars: 50 LT 4 cwt 0 qtr (51.01 t) (curved roof) CM cars: 49 LT 8 cwt 0 qtr (50.19 t) (clerestory roof) D cars: 27 LT 10 cwt 0 qtr (27.94 t) T & G cars: 26 LT 10 cwt 0 qtr (26.93 t) 201BT: 26 LT 19 cwt 0 qtr (27.38 t)
Traction motors	Four GE239
Power output	105 kW (141 hp)
Electric system(s)	1500 V DC overhead lines
Wheels driven	All on Motor carriages (ACPM, BCPM, M & CM)
Braking system(s)	Westinghouse Air Brake Company
Coupling system	Screw
Track gauge	5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm)

Tait trains were initially referred to as "Sliding Door" trains, as opposed to the Swing Door trains then in service. From the 1950s, they became known as Reds or Red Rattlers, following the introduction of the blue-painted Harris trains.[1]

Layout

First set of Tait suburban passenger carriages hauled by steam locomotive Dde 750, 1913

Four-car Tait train at the Spring Vale Cemetery platform

Tait trains had a partly open saloon layout, with bench seats running across the train, the saloon being divided by partitions into a number of smaller areas. Each seating aisle was provided with its own exterior sliding door.

Incandescent lighting, a ceiling with pressed tin patterns, luggage racks above head height, and beautifully stained woodgrain walls were fitted inside each compartment. Interiors were split into smoking and no-smoking compartments until late 1978 with the abolition of smoking on trains, and carriages were designated as first or second class until 1958 when one class suburban travel was introduced.[3]

The exterior of the trains were of two main styles: the original cars had a clerestory roof, and those built from the late 1920s onward had a simpler arched roof.[3]

From 1971 the interior was simplified to cut maintenance costs, with some doorway windows being replaced by metal and plywood, and the wooden latticed sun blinds being removed.[4] The motor bogies on the trains were originally of pressed steel construction, being changed for a new design in cast steel in the 1930s.[4]

In service

Pre-electrification

The carriages were constructed before electrification, with the intention of later retrofitting of equipment.

The carriages were grouped as the P type, with codes like AC^P indicating the passageway connecting most of the compartments, rather than the older carriage style with each compartment isolated from its neighbours. In the 1910 recoding project the ^P was changed to a normal-size, normal-font letter, i.e. ACP. However, most diagrams show the raised letter with the newer code, perhaps because they were drawn during the construction phase, around the same time as the recoding was being planned out.[5]

All carriages were roughly 62 ft (19 m) over buffers, 9 ft (2.7 m) tall and 9 ft 6 in (2.90 m) across, though there was some variation. All compartments were linked with a through-corridor, though internal sliding doors were placed every three compartments from one end. The carriages were not initially marked for Smoking or Non-Smoking.

AC^P, A^P, BC^P, B^P

Initial construction saw 48 AC^P cars, 62 A^P, 18 BC^P and 62 B^P carriages built in the period 1910 to 1913. The A^P and B^P carriages were of identical design with capacity for 92 passengers each across nine compartments, except that the second class B^P carriages had lower-quality seating. Similarly, the AC^P and BC^P cars shared a design in every way other than the seating; these carriages were fitted with eight compartments for 82 passengers, and the ninth compartment was repurposed for a train guard. This last compartment was fitted with a raised cupola for sighting of signals.

From 1915 more carriages were constructed as the electrification project gathered pace and requirements were locked in.[6] Further ACP carriages 49–106, and BCP carriages 19–80 were constructed in 1915–1916. However, these did not have the standard carriage bogies; instead they were fitted with plate-framed bogies intended for later fitting of traction motors. The cars also varied in having a well in the roof designed for later provision of electrical equipment—motors, pantographs etc. This gives a rough indication of when the decision was made to proceed with 1500 VDC overhead wiring for Melbourne's electrification, as against earlier proposals for third-rail equipment.

Conversions for electrification

Conversions started in 1917, in preparation for electrification trials and driver training on the Flemington Racecourse line and later the Sandringham line.

Some carriages were stored after conversion, awaiting traffic requirements. It is thought that these vehicles were held until around 1919/1920.[6]

Carriages converted kept their existing codes, but with D, M or T appended indicating Driver's compartment, Motor car (with drivers compartment) or Trailer. However, in 1921 the system was regarded as too complex, and coding was simplified with all motored and driving carriages becoming second class, and all trailers becoming first class.

The conversion project was completed in 1922.

Driving motors—ACPM, BCPM, M

From 1917 through to 1921, ACP and BCP carriages were withdrawn from steam service in preparation for electrification. The carriages taken for motor conversion had been pre-built with that in mind, having heavier underframes, bogies designed to support traction motors, and a well in the roof to allow a pantograph to be fitted.

Seventeen of the ACP 49–106 range were recoded to ACPM. From 1916 on, a further 26 ACPM cars were built, bringing the fleet to 45. But in 1921, the entire class was recoded M,[7] taking on numbers 201M–284M.

Similarly, 28 of the BCP cars in the range 19–80 were recoded to BCPM, and in 1916 the class grew by 30 units. In the 1921 renumbering, the ex-BC^P/BCPM class became 294M-385M.

Additional M cars 285–293 and 386–411 were built new in 1922. Further cars were built from 1925–1926 with curved roofs, taking numbers 412M–441M. 442M and 443M were rebuilt from 18M and 44M, formerly Swing-door motors. These carriages ended up having the thinner Swing-door underframe with the larger Tait body, giving a rather unbalanced look. The carriages entered service in 1936. Following this, 444M through 461M were built in the period 1944–1949, and the last of these entered service in 1951.

In 1968, four motors, 300M, 398M, 244M and 397M were modified to include driving cab at both ends, taking on new numbers 470M–473M. They were mainly used on the Eltham/Hurstbridge and Alamein lines, where even a two-car set could not be justified at off-peak times.

In 1979, the deliveries of the new Hitachi fleet were catching up with the Tait numbering block, so some carriages were renumbered, using numbers that were not in use. That started with the gap 462M–469M and 474M–499M, and later cars took numbers of Tait motor cars previously scrapped. By 1983, deliveries of the Comeng fleet made even that measure insufficient, so the 19x remaining Motors had the prefix "1" added to their numbers: e.g. 383M became 1383M.

Parcel motors CM

In 1921 a decision was made to supplement the mail/newspaper distribution fleet with double-ended motor cars, with the interior organised like a typical bogie guards' van of the CE/CW/CV types.

Coaches 1CM and 2CM entered service in 1921, with a capacity of 25 tons each. In 1923 they were joined by a third vehicle, 3CM. This was partially paid for by the Electrical Engineering Branch, with a modification to the design by addition of a centre cupola for viewing of overhead wires. This van was run with the normal fleet, but was made available for overhead wire inspection if and when required. CMs 4 and 5 entered service in 1925 and 1926 respectively, both using the new arch/curved roof style between their two cupolas.

The fleet was used for cash transport and as a staff-only taxi service, for the use of crew members scheduled to start work between 3 am and 5 am (before the regular services started operating).

Extra coaches were built from the mid 1950s using Swing Door carriages.

The parcels coach traffic dried up in 1988 when a railways' policy change saw a change to road transport. Correspondence to stations is now delivered on a few select trains per week, noted in advance.

Driving trailers—ACPD, BCPD, D

When planning the initial electrification project, it was expected that some lines could be operated with single-carriage or two-carriage trains instead of requiring a full consist. The single-carriage, double-ended motors were sourced from the Swingdoor fleet. However, some Driving Trailer carriages were sourced from the Tait fleet. While it was initially thought that around twenty of these carriages would be needed for service, only eleven were converted in the early stages of the electrification project.

Six AC^P carriages (16–17, 23, 92–93 and 52) and five BC^P carriages (2–3, 8–9 and 18) were rewired and recoded with a "D" appended in the first half of 1921. New identities for the ACPD series were 1–2, 8, 10–12, while the BCPD cars kept their old numbers of 2–3, 8–9 and 18.

In 1922 with the class simplification, the last of the three ACPD cars were converted to M motorised carriages 244, 245 and 204 in 1922. These three had previously been heavier-underframe carriages. The remaining eight driving trailers were recoded to D 201–202 and 208 (ex ACPD) and 211, 204–207 (ex BCPD) respectively. Further conversions direct from AC^P and BC^P carriages saw the class rise to eighteen D carriages, numbers 201-218.

In 1940 carriage 244T, originally 44A^P, was converted to driving trailer 225D.

"Ringer" Trailers, T

The 48 remaining, lighter-framed AC^P and BC^P carriages not converted to driving trailers were classed as "ringer" trailer cars, with the guard's compartment equipment removed and that slightly larger compartment being made available to passengers. This compartment was identifiable by the lack of the word "GUARD" and a white circle painted on the door; the circle indicated to crew members that the vans were not fitted with the handbrake and emergency brake taps normally found in carriages with the guards' raised profile. Because of the larger area available, passengers tended to store prams and luggage in these areas.

The Ringer trailers had formerly been AC^P 15, 19–22, 24–48 and BC^P 1, 4–7 and 121–133 (ex. AC^P 1–13). They took the number range 263T to 286T (ex AC^P 25–48), 349T to 361T (ex AC^P 1–13, later BC^P 121–143), 362T to 367T (ex AC^P 15, 19–22, 24) and 368T–372T (ex BC^P 1 and 4–7).

From 1926–27 the first batch of Ringer Trailer to Driving Trailer conversions were made, with trailers 365 and 368–372 converted to 224D, 219D, 220D, 221D, 222D and 223D.

Then from 1965 to 1972 all bar two of the remaining Ringer trailers (349T and 350T) were converted to full Driving Trailers and coded randomly into in the range 226D–265D.

Trailers—APT, BPT, T

The plain trailer carriages were converted between 1919 and 1922 for electric traction. This involved removal of the then-standard gas lighting and refitting with electric lighting, as well as through-jumper cable connections for the driving and motor cars expected to operate on each end.

The T fleet comprised the original 124 A^P and B^P carriages.

The A^P fleet was initially relettered to APT, and the B^P fleet to BPT. When the classes were simplified in 1921, only 39 APT and 28 BPT cars had been refitted with the required electrical equipment. Further conversions were straight from A^P/B^P to T. From 1922 on, ex-A^P cars had 200 added to their numbers to indicate the Tait/Sliding door fleet; for example 37A^P became 37APT then 237T. The ex-B^P cars were renumbered into the range 287-348, keeping the sequence i.e. 1B^P became 287T and 62B^P became 348T.

Additional carriages were built, numbers T380 to T400 in 1922, T401–424 in 1926, and T427–T442 between 1944 and 1952.

As noted above, trailer 244T was converted to driving trailer 225D. This happened in 1940.

288T was temporarily recoded to second class, with a G car's shunting/braking equipment, in 1954.

Experimental Trailer 201BT

As a testbed for the new Harris cars then being developed, the body of incomplete 441T was reworked to a more modern design and released into service in 1950, with three sets of doors per side. The car was coded 201BT, and lasted in service until 1984.

Internally, the car was divided into three second-class compartments; the outer two at a little under 17 ft across and the middle compartment at a little under 23 ft. One compartment was reserved for smokers until 1976, when smoking was abolished on the suburban network.

The car went through a number of changes in seating arrangements and door types (and post-76, internal partitions), with seated capacity ranging from 70 to 90 (73 being the most commonly quoted figure) and 164–175 standing passengers in crush load conditions. Initially the vehicle featured three sets of double-leaf sliding doors per side, with 2 windows either end and 6 windows between each set of doors. Later, the outer sliding doors were singled, and an additional window was added to the centre section for a 2-D-7-DD-7-D-2 configuration.[8]

The car was preserved pending restoration as a display at the Newport railway museum, although some believed it to have been scrapped in 1994.

A replacement 441T to the regular design was built and entered service in 1952.

Gas-lit trailers—G

Additional to the regular trailers, a project was undertaken to recycle older carriage underframes from the Swing Door conversion project. Some of these frames went to the PL type carriages, but others were used to create the very similar G type cars. These were initially numbered 1G–97G, built 1923–1926 with clerestory roofs, with nearly identical passenger facilities to the T series trailers 400-424. They shared the nine-compartment design seating 94, but where the T cars had three smoking and six non-smoking compartments, the G cars were entirely classed for smoking passengers with four first-class and five second-class compartments. While there is no indication on the relevant diagrams, it seems likely that first class was the east end and second class the west end, to slot between the second-class Motor and first class Trailer carriages when coupled into a seven-carriage set.[9][10]

Externally the cars were fitted with handrails and shunters brake equipment at the west end. This was a temporary provision until the planned conversion of these carriages to driving trailers, but eventually the equipment proved safe enough for daily use and the cars were left as-is. The brake equipment was used when shunting an M-T-G unit onto an M-T-T-M block (usually at Jolimont) for building up of trains for the peak hours.

During Easter and for the three weeks around Christmas and New Year's, the G cars were withdrawn from suburban service and used to boost the country rail network's capacity. This was justified by the fewer commuters at the time. The carriages had been specially fitted with alternate gas-lighting equipment (hence the G code). An example of this type of use can be seen in Newsrail March 1988 p.78, in a photo of a Melbourne to Ballarat special dated 24 December 1936. During Easter of 1941 an extra to Bendigo was recorded as A²965-A²837 hauling 51G-40G-57G-41G-145B-28AV-35G-8AW-7CW.[11]

Additional carriages 98G to 103G were built as part of new sets in 1944, with pairs entering service in 1944, 1947 and 1950. These cars were identical to their predecessors except that they were fitted with the more modern curved roofs.

Set configuration

The Tait trains originally entered service as six-car sets, the majority made up of three "M" cars and three trailers. From the 1920s sets were extended to seven-car sets, with the introduction of the "G" trailer cars.[4] These sets were made up of a four-car "block" and a three-car "unit", usually operating as an M-T-T-M+G-T-M set during peak hours. On quieter lines the three-car unit would be uncoupled and stored at Jolimont sidings between peaks.[12]

As noted above, in peak traffic periods like Easter and the Christmas holiday season, the G type carriages were withdrawn from suburban service and repurposed in country trains as required.

The "D" type cars were the least common of the car types; only 18 cars were fitted with control equipment and coded "D" by 1923.[4] The rest were known as "ringer" trailers, having a white ring on the door indicating the compartment was available for the use of passengers.[4] These cars were paired with M cars and run either in pairs, i.e. M-D-M-D replacing an M-T-T-M set, or in some cases M-T-D sets ran on particularly flat, short-distance lines where late running, while annoying to the passengers, would not disrupt the entire system. One such example as the Altona Beach to Newport shuttle service, running hourly as of 1939.

The M-D+M-D sets became much more common when the fleet ballooned in 1964, with a "block" of cars made up M-D-M-D that could be split as required.[4]

Motor cars were sometimes paired back-to-back for what was known as "E" trains. These were formed with two M cars acting as locomotives, hauling a train of typical outer-suburban or country stock. These ran to Frankston, where the train would split and two steam engines would take portions on to Mornington and Stony Point, and to Lilydale where the train would split and two steam engines would take portions on to Healesville and Warburton. These runs were abolished in 1958 with the arrival of the Walker railmotors, and operational practice changed to connecting trains instead of through-carriages. A number of swing-door motor cars had been specially altered for E train use, but in practice they weren't always available and so Tait motors may have been required as a substitute.

One car operation commenced in 1968, after the conversion of 470M the previous year and the end of union disputes over their introduction.[4]

From 1960 some of the earlier Swing Door carriages were withdrawn and scrapped. Tait G cars that had been allocated to those sets were grouped together, and in conjunction with other carriages, were used on peak hour services to and from Werribee.[4] These sets were later replaced by PL sets.

In May 1968 an eight-car Tait train was tested on the Frankston line, made up of three motor cars and five trailers, entering service under the new timetable in August 1968.[4] After 1973 these eight-car sets were reconfigured with a 50:50 motor–trailer mix to avoid special rosters restricting the three-motor-car sets to flatter lines.[4]

From 1973 three-car sets were also reintroduced, as M-T-D consists, or occasionally M-T-M sets.[4] Six-car M-T-T-T-T-M consists were also formed for peak hour use.[4] Both of these were restricted to the flatter lines, where the lack of power would not be a major issue.

In 1975, a 14-car Tait train ran between the North Melbourne and Royal Park substations, to test a new protective relay device.[13]

The Boat Train

The Boat Train

Overview
Status	Ceased
First service	March 1936
Last service	October 1939
Current operator(s)	Victorian Railways
Route
Start	Flinders Street
End	Port Melbourne

In 1936 a short-lived experiment involved the exclusive use of six Tait carriages on a special train running from Flinders Street to Port Melbourne, to meet passengers off international ships. Called The Boat Train, the train was assembled using three M motor cars (242, 268, 380) and three T trailer cars (226, 321 and 330), in an M-T-M-T-T-M formation, likely as 242M-226T-268M-321T-330T-380M.

They were painted mid-blue, with silver roofs and black undergear. Red capital lettering was affixed to the roofs of the three M cars, above the middle compartments, with the name of the train. Floodlighting with incandescent globes was run along the sides of the carriage roofs, such that the entire train body was illuminated.

After final inspections by the three Railway Commissioners H. W. Clapp, N. C. Harris and M. J. Canny, and the architect A. V. Stephenson and the workshops manager H. V. James, the first run was scheduled for 7 March 1936. The consist departed Flinders Street station at 9:10 am for Station Pier, to meet the Italian liner Esquilino. The return trip departed station pier at 10:15 am. Following this, the train ran three return trips on the following Sunday night, to meet the SS Oronsay. These trains left Flinders Street at 10:30 pm, 11:09 pm and 11:32 pm.

Shipping companies would publish in newspapers their six-monthly planned departures from Port Melbourne (P&O, Orient, Shaw Savill, Aberdeen & Commonwealth to England and Matson to the USA); ships to be met by The Boat Train would have an additional comment that the train was to leave Flinders St Platform 10, about 90 minutes prior to the vessel's departure time.

The train ran as required until October 1939, when disappointing patronage and the outbreak of World War II caused the service to be withdrawn. The six carriages were restored to normal service, and continued until the general withdrawal of the Tait fleet.

Photos of the train are noted as PTC collection H 1792 and 1793. A copy of the train is available in Microsoft Train Simulator—link & photo

Overhead Inspection Train

For the purposes of inspection of overhead wiring, carriage 3CM was constructed to a modified design with an overhead compartment for inspectors to watch the way that the overhead wiring reacted to contact with pantographs.

Later, 10CM was constructed with similar modifications from the normal design.

Inspection trains would often run with two randomly selected motor carriages, one either side of the inspection car which would have its own pantographs locked down.

On 6 October 1980 carriage 447M had a similar fitting added, and it was renamed the Greasing Car. It was painted bright yellow with most windows boarded over, had its traction motors removed, and large black letters declaring "OVERHEAD INSPECTION" were painted on both sides. Internally the car was fitted with a power generator and hydraulic equipment to lubricate the overhead wiring. The car was renumbered 1447M in 1983, and after a graffiti attack around 1995 it was painted all-over yellow.

Sometime in that period, 1447M was coupled with Harris motors 794M and 797M, with transition vans 320 and 329D (as 797-320-1447-329-794). The two Harris cars were fitted with rail greasing equipment for tight curves, and the five-piece train made regular runs around the electrified network. While 1447M was in all-over yellow and the two Harris cars in similar livery but with green/yellow Met stickers along the sides, the two D vans were in normal V/Line orange livery; the only alteration was the fitting of screw couplers at one end each to allow coupling to the Tait carriage.

In circa 1994, pantographs on the suburban trains were upgraded with carbon skid plates rather than steel, removing the need to apply grease to the overhead power lines as the carbon reduced wear on the overhead lines. 1447M and the two D vans were removed from overhead greasing service and the two Harris motors ran back-to-back as solely rail greasers. The two Harris motors were subsequently fitted with the upgraded pantographs and ran in rail greaser service until suffering a major breakdown in 2003. In later years the Greaser train was withdrawn, and now small automatic greasing pots are attached to the rails at tight curves. Overhead and rail inspection is now done using car MTH102 (coincidentally a former Harris car) hauled by two T class diesel locomotives.

Equipment

General Electric traction equipment was fitted to the trains, of the same type as that in the Swing Door trains and enabling the trains to be operated in mixed sets using multiple-unit train control.[4]

Conversions and alterations

Incomplete trailer car 441T was converted to experimental trailer car 201BT in 1950 with double width sliding doors to test design features for the Harris train. Later, a new 441T was constructed.

In 1958 class designation on the suburban network was abolished, with all painted indications of former First- and Second-class ticketing requirements painted over within two days; it took a little while longer to standardise all seating, and until that happened there were stories of passengers rushing to the former first-class trailer cars for the more comfortable seating.

Four motor cars were converted to double ended motors in 1968–1970 and renumbered 470M to 473M. These were mainly used on the Hurstbridge and Alamein routes.

From the mid 1970s the cost of replacing damaged glass windows was becoming prohibitive, and so one in three windows was sheeted over, with plywood on the inside and painted steel on the outside. Some carriages were also fitted with communication doors and/or diaphragms allowing staff and passengers to walk between carriages, particularly on two-carriage trains.

Smoking was abolished in 1978.

447M was converted to an overhead inspection car in 1980.

Typical use

As of 1956, 584 Tait carriages were rostered for regular use (in conjunction with 218 Swing Door carriages).[14]

76 seven-car sets of Tait cars were assembled as M-T-T-M-G-T-M, for use on the Broadmeadows to Sandringham (20), Williamstown Pier to Dandenong and Frankston (34), Glen Waverley to Fawkner and St Albans (19), Lilydale and Upper Ferntree Gully (1) and Thomastown and Hurstbridge (2) lines.[14]

14x G cars were included in otherwise Swing-Door sets on the Box Hill lines, and a further four on the Thomastown and Hurstbridge group; two driving trailers were allocated to the Newport to Altona shuttle, and one M, two T and one G to the E Trains running towards Stony Point and Healesville.[14][15]

This roster requires 229 of 261 M, 2 of 25 D and 95 of 103 G, but 230 T cars despite only 227 (plus 201BT) in service at the time. It is likely that G cars were used as substitutes for T cars, most likely in the E train sets. Alternatively some blocks could have been M-D-M-D, allowing for division of blocks for even shorter trains to save on operating costs late at night or on weekends.

Example roster (1981)

Roster as at 19.10.1981:[16][17]

For 7-car sets, the first four (typically at the west end) are the Block, while the last three (typically at the east end) are the Unit.

The table totals 228 cars, with an additional 61 spare or undergoing painting, repair or scrapping.

Lowercase w and e indicate whether the car's driving compartment is facing west or east respectively, where applicable.

7-car sets were typically used on the Epping and Hurstbridge lines, with 19 sets required in a typical morning peak hour. On weekends, the four-car blocks were used, with the three-car units stabled to save on operating costs. Anything spare was used on the North Melbourne (or occasionally Camberwell) group of lines, which at the time did not have a connection to the City Loop, where wooden trains had been banned account fire risk. 6-car sets would be used on the Sandringham route, split offpeak and shared with the St Kilda and Port Melbourne lines, and if a path could be found across the junction, Epping and Hurstbridge. A single 2-car set was used on the Epping-Hurstbridge shuttle weeknights, and on weekends the double-ended Motor car was used, with the driving trailer stabled. Two 2-car sets were used on the Saturday Camberwell-Alamein shuttle, with one pair on Sundays. From 4 October the Altona shuttle was discontinued, so the spare 2-car sets were coupled into a 6-car set and absorbed into that roster.

If being painted, Motors would be at Bendigo and all other types at Ballarat.

Cars renumbered have their previous identities noted.

7 w	6	5	4 e	3	2	1 e	Notes
241M	91G	237T	259M^212M	93G	409T	240M
242M^304M	294T	62G	498M^382M	341T	394T	247M
243M^202M	415T	253T	275M	84G	214D w	256M^210M
246M^204M	418T	100G	288M^229M	230D w	431T	265M
250M^206M	246T	385T	485M^349M	225D w	97G	266M
261M	327T	212T	262M	2G	37G	285M^228M
270M	428T	204D w	293M^233M	401T	216D w	292M
278M	220T	249T	399M	6G	417T	294M^235M
279M	232T	380T	244M^203M	424T	429T	296M^236M	380T fitted with 60W globes
280M^224M	440T	48G	291M^301M	210D w	204T	297M^306M	280M fitted with fluorescent lighting
287M	290T	18G	264M^305M	75G	298T	387M
362M	243D e	257D e	448M	226T	85G	423M	257D fitted with 60W globes
403M	439T	249D w	255M	338T	92G	431M
405M	414T	235T	455M	222D w	46G	432M
414M	407T	239T	499M^314M	382T	28G	451M
427M	403T	426T	257M	76G	203T	460M
434M	254D e	35G	282M	36G	307T	469M^327M
435M	241T	381T	416M	81G	343T	478M^320M
443M	63G	260D w	449M	262D W	326T	480M^356M	449M with fluorescent lighting
453M	213T	398T	457M^372M	229D w	248T	486M
454M	405T	245D w	392M	435T	433T	490M^343M
	248M	346T	290M^232M	425M	47G	438M	248M & 438M with fluorescent lighting
	249M^205M	383T	492M^340M	433M	437T	479M^347M
	253M	61G	488M^365M	436M	103G	439M
	254M^209M	30G	411M	450M^374M	228T	299M^361M	30G fitted with 60W globes; table says 229M in place of 299M but that can't be true, and 299M is missing from table.
	258M^211M	32G	273M	467M^351M	208T	466M^336M
	263M^213M	334T	272M	474M^308M	441T	464M^319M
	271M	421T	276M	476M^325M	222T	298M
	286M	344T	252M^207M	482M^354M	293T	481M^360M
	366M	225T	475M^312M	494M^375M	64G	495M
	373M	94G	300M^309M	381M	315T	367M
				274M^218M	218T	491M^363M	Port Melbourne / St Kilda shuttles; 274M radio test unit
				383M	4G	239M	Port Melbourne / St Kilda shuttles
					468M^350M	202D e
					470M^300M	253D e	470M double-ended
					471M^398M	241D e	471M double-ended
					472M^244M	248D e	472M double-ended
					473M^397M	265D e	473M double-ended
				461M w	447M ?	456M e	Overhead Greasing Train

Other cars not listed in sets:

Off Register / scrapping underway:

• 235D w, 236D w both at Spotswood
• 51G, 66G both at Spotswood, 78G at Newport
• 242M^201M at Newport, 283M, 310M, 329M, 346M, 407M, 412M, 496M^353M, 497M^352M at Spotswood, 400M, 493M^379M* at Jolimont, 487M^328M at Bendigo
• 254T, 427T both at Spotswood, 350T

Spare:

• 15G, 56G, 98G
• 238M, 251M, 260M, 269M^217M, 277M^223M, 289M, 388M, 408M, 452M, 483M^321M, 484M^359M, 489M^386M
• 205T, 224T, 230T, 236T, 251T, 292T, 301T, 302T, 306T, 419T, 423T, 425T, 436T
• 201BT held for preservation

Repairs:

• 245M (wired for 60W globes), 284M, 295M, 364M, 380M, 384M, 417M, 445M^376M, 459M, 465M^313M
• 389T, 396T

Painting:

• 89G, 102G
• 267M, 268M^216M, 281M^227M, 477M^316M
• 406T, 430T, 442T

Retirement

The Tait trains were replaced from 1974 by the Hitachi trains sets, and later, the Comeng trains.

From 1981, the last 37 of them began to be replaced by 50 Comeng trains. Tait trains were not allowed in the City Loop after 1982, due to fire hazard presented by their wooden bodies, so they spent most of their final years on the Port Melbourne, St Kilda and Sandringham lines.

The longest-lived carriages of each class (lasting to 1984 or 1985) were:

• M: 240, 243, 246, 248, 252, 254, 256, 267, 269, 273, 281, 284, 296 and 299
• T: 203, 298, 346, 382, 383 and 394
• G: 2, 6, 28, 35, 37, 48 and 51

A large number of carriages were burned for scrap at Kingston. However, the large number of complaints from local residents ended the practice, and a program of public sales followed.[18]

Due to asbestos found in the brakeblocks,[19] amongst other industrial problems, the last of the 7 Tait trains were withdrawn from service by 27 December 1984.[1]

On Friday 15 February 1985, the "great carriage auction" was held at Newport Workshops with large quantities of vehicle bodies sold and proceeds donated to the Australian Railway Historical Society's museum. The first carriage listed sold for $540, and prices rose through the day to as much as $3,000. Pairs of bogies, if required, were an additional $600, and cranes, road haulage etc were around $1,000 each. A total of 49xM, 24xT, 9xG and 2xD vehicles were sold, including a number that had not been transferred from either Jolimont Workshops or the Spotswood Reclamation Depot.[20][21]

Preservation

The PTC Tait set hauled by K190 at McKinnon Station on their first tour since 2004 in November 2016

Elecrail

Carriages 317M, 381M, 208T and 230D were retained by the then Public Transport Corporation as an operational heritage set, although originally 486M was expected to be restored in lieu of 317M.[22] The heritage set is owned by VicTrack and in the care of Elecrail (a division of Steamrail Victoria). Elecrail have also restored 470M to working order, and has 341T under restoration, along with 201BT, 327M, 472M and 2CM stored.

Due to the lack of door locks and other safety issues, the Tait cars had been banned from operating on the Melbourne rail network between 2004 and 2016. Their first run post-ban was on 12 November 2016 between two steam locomotives to provide motive power and air brakes, but with pantographs lowered and no internal lighting provided. The special was organised, from the West end, as D³639, 317M, 230D, 208T, 381M and K190, and operated by Steamrail Victoria and V/Line on behalf of the Level Crossing Removal Authority's festivals at Ormond, McKinnon and Bentleigh stations. Since then they have been used on a number of suburban trips in the same configuration. In April of 2019, Steamrail announced that federal funding had been granted to restore the set to electric service by early 2020. The funding will be used to reinstate the automatic stopping trip system, provide radios and speedometers for the first time, and restore and upgrade the mechanical and electrical components to modern standards as required.[23]

Other

Overhead inspection/greaser car 1447M is owned by VicTrack and stored.

The Mornington Railway has 98G operational. Like much of the Mornington Railway stock, the car has been fitted with a thin silver band below the windowline.

Many Tait car bodies were sold privately. Several have been converted to railway-themed restaurants, and many others are on private properties.

Model railways

HO scale

Auscision Models has announced their intention to release plastic injection-moulded models of the Tait carriages sometime in 2019/2020.[24][25]

The eras listed below take the latest possible start and the earliest possible end for all carriages listed in each set; individual carriages within each package have a much wider period, and/or could be renumbered by the purchaser.

Pack	Price	Car 1	Car 2	Car 3	Car 4	Car 5	Car 6	Car 7	Notes	From	To
VPS17	$695.00	272M	329T	394T	319M				Spoked wheels, smoking signs
VPS18	$695.00	247M	208T	398T	233M				Spoked wheels, smoking signs
VPS19	$695.00	283M	204T	292T	229M				Disc wheels, no signs	1978	1980
VPS20	$695.00	294M	212T	251T	281M				Disc wheels, no signs	1980	1983
VPS21	$1095.00	310M	297T	322T	288M	18G	213T	232M	Spoked wheels, smoking signs
VPS22	$1095.00	201M	226T	235T	273M	29G	327T	309M	Spoked wheels, smoking signs
VPS23	$1095.00	268M	315T	239T	383M	55G	203T	304M	Disc wheels, no signs	1978	1979
VPS24	$1095.00	380M	249T	389T	293M	30G	228T	296M	Disc wheels, no signs	1980	1981
VPS25	$295.00	2CM							Spoked wheels
VPS26	$295.00	1CM							Spoked wheels, "Fast Parcels"
VPS27	$295.00	1CM							Disc wheels
VPS28	$295.00	2CM							Disc wheels

Trainbuilder has released a series of brass Tait carriages. The cars are all fitted with internal lighting, marker lights and headlights, but no interiors.[26]

Pack	Price	Car 1	Car 2	Car 3	Car 4	Marked destinations
Block A (Post-50's)	$2,950	243M	405T	301T	345M	Flinders Street
Block B	$2,950	282M	346T	204T	470M	Spencer Street
Block C	$2,950	436M	423T	414T	439M	Spencer Street
Block D	$2,950	426M	214D	15G	371M	Princes Bridge
Unit A (327M unpowered)	$2,300	327M	89G	400M		St Kilda
Pair A	$1,650	371M	228D			Port Melbourne
Pair B	$1,650	411M	253D			Newport
Double-Ended Motor A	$1,100	472M				Alamein
Double-Ended Motor B	$1,100	473M				Hurstbridge
Parcels Carriage A	$1,100	1CM
Parcels Carriage B	$1,100	2CM
Parcels Carriage C	$1,100	3CM (raised roof)
Parcels Carriage D	$1,100	4CM
Parcels Carriage E	$1,100	5CM
Interurban A	$550	28G
Interurban B	$550	92G
Interurban C	$550	94G

N scale

Brimbank models has a range of 3D-printed Tait carriage components which can be purchased and assembled for standard mechanisms.[27] The carriages are available as complete-body kits,[28] or as a range of parts.[29] Parcels vans are also available.[30] The cost is generally around $100 per carriage plus mechanisms for motor cars, which the purchaser must source separately.

References

1. Vincent, Peter J. (30 August 2007). "M - Sliding Door Suburban Motor Car". PJV's Website.
2. Johnston, Susan (1990). "Tait, Sir Thomas James (1864 - 1940)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Australian National University. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
3. Vincent, Peter J. (19 January 2007). "T - Sliding Door Suburban Trailer". PJV's Website.
4. Dornan, S.E.; Henderson, R.G. (1979). The Electric Railways of Victoria.
5. Bray, Norm; Vincent, Peter J.; Gregory, Daryl M. (2009). Bogie Wooden Coaching Stock of Victoria. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-9775056-7-8.
6. Vincent, Peter J. (9 September 2007). "ACP - Sliding Door Suburban Carriage". PJV's Website.
7. Vincent, Peter. "Rolling Stock Codes". PJV's Website. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
8. "Victorian Railways History (Australian) group". Facebook.
9. "T (drawing)". PJV's Website.
10. "G (drawing)". PJV's Website.
11. Newsrail. June 1988. pp. 174–177. Missing or empty |title= (help)
12. Vincent, Peter J. (10 November 2013). "G - Suburban/Excursion Car". PJV's Website.
13. "Fourteen Is a Lucky Number". Victorian Railways. VicRail. July 1975. p. 100.
14. Newsrail. September 1985. pp. 264–266. Missing or empty |title= (help)
15. "correction". Newsrail. April 1986. p. 127.
16. Newsrail. December 1981. p. 302. Missing or empty |title= (help)
17. Newsrail. April 1982. p. 77. Missing or empty |title= (help)
18. Vincent, Peter J. (April 1980). "Pyromania: The Allendale Connection". Newsrail. Australian Railway Historical Society. p. 60.
19. Eddy, Nicholas (June 1986). Memories of Tait Hunting. Australian Railway Historical Society (Victorian Division). p. 174. ISSN 0310-7477.
20. Newsrail. April 1985. p. 115. Missing or empty |title= (help)
21. Newsrail. June 1985. p. 185. Missing or empty |title= (help)
22. Newsrail. August 1984. p. 250. Missing or empty |title= (help)
23. Steamrail Victoria (12 April 2019). "Funding secured to restore Tait cars to electric operation". Facebook.
24. "Products". Auscision Models.
25. "Victorian "Tait" Suburuban". Auscision Models.
26. "Victorian Railways Tait Cars, HO scale, order form" (PDF). Trainbuilder.com.
27. "Brimbank Models". Facebook.
28. "Brimbank Models". Shapeways.
29. "Brimbank Models". Shapeways.
30. "Brimbank Models". Shapeways.

External links

• Vicsig.net Tait Trains