Syagrus (beetle)

Syagrus is a genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily Eumolpinae.[4] They are known from the mainland of Africa as well as Madagascar. They are often attracted by plants in the family Malvaceae;[5] Syagrus rugifrons and Syagrus calcaratus are pests of cotton. The larvae of Syagrus calcaratus attack the roots of the plant and cause it to wilt.[6]

Syagrus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Coleoptera
Family:	Chrysomelidae
Subfamily:	Eumolpinae
Tribe:	Typophorini
Genus:	Syagrus Chapuis in Lacordaire, 1874[1][2]
Type species
Syagrus buqueti (= Cryptocephalus calcaratus Fabricius, 1775) Chapuis, 1874[2]
Synonyms[3]
Neomenius Duvivier, 1891

According to Brian J. Selman (1965), Syagrus is probably restricted to the mainland of Africa.[7] The Syagrus species described from Madagascar may actually belong to Pheloticus.[4]

Species

Species of Syagrus include the following:[4]

• Syagrus adrarensis Pic, 1942
• Syagrus allochromus Bechyné, 1964[3] †
• Syagrus ambrensis Bechyné, 1964[3] †
• Syagrus angolensis Pic, 1939[8]
• Syagrus atriventris Pic, 1939
• Syagrus auratus Weise, 1883[9]
• Syagrus basipennis (Fairmaire, 1902) †
• Syagrus bodongi Weise, 1905
• Syagrus brunneus (Jacoby, 1892)[10] †
• Syagrus calcaratus (Fabricius, 1775)
• Syagrus castellanus Bechyné, 1964[3] †
• Syagrus cinerascens Fairmaire, 1894
• Syagrus concoloricornis Pic, 1940[11]
• Syagrus conradsi Pic, 1939
• Syagrus corrosicollis Lefèvre, 1891[12]
• Syagrus discomaculatus Pic, 1939[8]
• Syagrus femoralis (Weise, 1910) †
• Syagrus femoratus Lefèvre, 1891[12]
• Syagrus fuscoaeneus Fairmaire, 1894
• Syagrus haroldi (Duvivier, 1891) †
• Syagrus hovus Bechyné, 1951[13] †
• Syagrus inhumeralis Pic, 1936
• Syagrus interstitialis (Jacoby, 1904)
• Syagrus iridescens Pic, 1940[11]
• Syagrus laurenti Pic, 1949
• Syagrus lebisi Bechyné, 1947[14] †
• Syagrus luteoapicalis Pic, 1939
• Syagrus maculosus Lefèvre, 1891[12]
• Syagrus marlenus Bechyné, 1964[3] †
• Syagrus maromandiae Bechyné, 1946[15] †
• Syagrus marshalli Jacoby, 1898[16]
• Syagrus minutus Jacoby, 1895[17]
• Syagrus monardi Pic, 1939[8]
• Syagrus morio Harold, 1877[18]
• Syagrus opacus Jacoby, 1900
• Syagrus ortobiensis Selman, 1963
• Syagrus perpuncticollis (Burgeon, 1940)
• Syagrus pullatus Bechyné, 1947[14] †
• Syagrus puncticollis (Harold, 1877)[18]
• Syagrus quartus Bechyné, 1964[3] †
• Syagrus quintus Bechyné, 1964[3] †
  • Syagrus quintus imerinensis Bechyné, 1964[3] †
  • Syagrus quintus graciliformis Bechyné, 1964[3] †
• Syagrus recidivus Bechyné, 1947[14] †
• Syagrus rhembastoides Bechyné, 1947[19] †
• Syagrus rufipennis (Duvivier, 1891) †
• Syagrus rufipennis Pic, 1940[11] — homonymy with S. rufipennis (Duvivier, 1891)
• Syagrus rufobrunneus Lefèvre, 1890
• Syagrus rugiceps Lefèvre, 1890
• Syagrus rugifrons Baly, 1878[20]
• Syagrus sansibaricus (Lefèvre, 1891)[12]
• Syagrus secundus Bechyné, 1964[3] †
• Syagrus sehranus Aslam, 1968[21]
• Syagrus semirufus Pic, 1940
• Syagrus semistriatus (Fairmaire, 1886) †
• Syagrus sexnotatus Lefèvre, 1891[12]
• Syagrus sextus Bechyné, 1964[3] †
• Syagrus silfverbergi Selman, 1973[22]
• Syagrus strangulatus Bechyné, 1947[14] †
  • Syagrus strangulatus mandrakanus Bechyné, 1947[14] †
  • Syagrus strangulatus nandihizinae Bechyné, 1947[14] †
• Syagrus strigaticeps (Lefèvre, 1891)[12]
• Syagrus tertius Bechyné, 1964[3] †
• Syagrus tristis Jacoby, 1904
• Syagrus vadoni Bechyné, 1946[15] †

† described from Madagascar, may belong to Pheloticus[4]

Species moved to Afroeurydemus:[23]

• Syagrus apicicornis Lefèvre, 1891[12]
• Syagrus atricollis Pic, 1940[11]
• Syagrus atricolor Pic, 1940[11]
• Syagrus brunneopunctatus Pic, 1941
• Syagrus cribricollis Pic, 1939
• Syagrus diversepunctatus Pic, 1940[11]
• Syagrus holasi Pic, 1953
• Syagrus nigrosignatus Lefèvre, 1877
• Syagrus nodieri Pic, 1941
• Syagrus pallidicolor Pic, 1941
• Syagrus quadrimaculatus Pic, 1940:[11] renamed to Afroeurydemus parvomaculatus Zoia, 2019
• Syagrus semicostatus Pic, 1940[11]
• Syagrus signatus Pic, 1940[24]
• Syagrus testaceicornis Pic, 1941

Species moved to Microsyagrus[23]

• Syagrus discoidalis Pic, 1940[24]
• Syagrus favareli Pic, 1938
• Syagrus madoni Pic, 1940[11]
• Syagrus raffrayi Pic, 1940[11]
• Syagrus recticollis Pic, 1949
• Syagrus testaceonotatus Pic, 1940
• Syagrus trinotatus Pic, 1939[8]

Species moved to Paraivongius:[23]

• Syagrus bicolorimembris Pic, 1940[11]
• Syagrus bicoloripes Pic, 1939[8]
• Syagrus disconotatus Pic, 1939[8]
• Syagrus diversipennis Pic, 1940[11]
• Syagrus gabonicus Pic, 1952
• Syagrus geniculatus Lefèvre, 1891[12]
• Syagrus limbatus Lefèvre, 1891[12]
• Syagrus obscuripes Pic, 1952
• Syagrus rufometallicus Pic, 1951
• Syagrus varicolor Lefèvre, 1891[12]
• Syagrus viridicollis Pic, 1940[24]

Species moved to Phascus:[23]

• Syagrus chopardi Pic, 1950

References

1. "Taxonomy for Syagrus". Insectoid.Info. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
2. Chapuis, F. (1874). "Tome dixième. Famille des phytophages". In Lacordaire, J.T.; Chapuis, F. (eds.). Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Genera des coléoptères. Paris: Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret. pp. i–iv, 1–455.
3. Bechyné, J. (1964). "Notizen zu den madagassischen Chrysomeloidea" (PDF). Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft (E. V.). 54: 68–161.
4. "genus Syagrus". African Eumolpinae site (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae). Retrieved 20 March 2017.
5. Jolivet, Pierre; Verma, Krishna (2008). "Eumolpinae – a widely distributed and much diversified subfamily of leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)". Terrestrial Arthropod Reviews. 1 (1): 3–37. doi:10.1163/187498308X345424. S2CID 85943158.
6. Vaissayre, J.; Cauquil, M. (2000). Main Pests and Diseases of Cotton in Sub-Saharan Africa. Editions Quae. p. 10. ISBN 978-2-87614-416-3.
7. Selman, B. J. (1965). "A revision of the Nodini and a key to the genera of Eumolpidae of Africa (Coleoptera: Eumolpidae)" (PDF). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology. 16 (3): 141–174. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.21864.
8. Pic, M. (1939). "Coléoptères Phytophages d'Angola". Revue Suisse de Zoologie. 46 (4): 115–142.
9. Weise, J. (1883). "Fünf neue Syagrus". Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift. 27 (2): 335–336.
10. Jacoby, M. (1892). "Descriptions of some new Genera and new Species of Phytophagous Coleoptera from Madagascar". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1892: 564–579.
11. Pic, M. (1940). "Opuscula martialis". L'Echange, Revue Linnéenne, Moulins. Numéro spécial: 1–16.
12. Lefèvre, E. (1891). "Descriptions d'espèces nouvelles de Clytrides et d'Eumolpides". Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique. 35: CCXLVIII–CCLXXIX.
13. Bechyné, J. (1951). "Contribution a la connaissance des Eumolpide Malgaches" (PDF). Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon. 20 (4): 91–94. doi:10.3406/linly.1951.7395.
14. Bechyné, J. (1947). "Diagnosy nových madagaskarských mandelinek čel. Eumolpidae. De Eumolpidarum madagascariensium formis novis (Col. Phytophaga)" (PDF). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae. 25: 95–102.
15. Bechyné, J. (1946). "Notulae ad cognitionem Phytophagorum madagascariensium (Col.)" (PDF). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae. 24: 69–81.
16. Jacoby, M. (1898). "Additions to the knowledge of the Phytophagous Coleoptera of Africa. Part I". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1898: 212–242.
17. Jacoby, M. (1895). "Chrysomeliden von Togo (Bismarckburg)". Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift. 1895 (1): 165–188.
18. Harold, E. von (1877). "Coleopterorum species novae". Mitteilungen der Münchener Entomologischen Vereins. 1: 97–111.
19. Bechyné, J. (1947). "Chrysomeloidea Madagassa (Coleoptera)" (PDF). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae. 25: 29–47.
20. Baly, J. S. (1878). "Description of New Species and Genera of Eumolpidæ" (PDF). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 14 (75): 246–265. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1878.tb01834.x.
21. Aslam, N. A. (1968). "Nomenclatorial notes on Chrysomeloidea (Coleoptera)". Journal of Natural History. 2 (1): 127–129. doi:10.1080/00222936800770691.
22. Selman, B. J. (1973). "Coleoptera from North-East Africa. Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae. (Zoological contribution from the Finnish expeditions to the Sudan No. 34)". Notulae Entomologicae. 53 (4): 159–166.
23. Zoia, S. (2019). "Nomenclature changes in African Eumolpinae with reference to type specimens preserved in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (N.S.). 55 (1): 61–86. doi:10.1080/00379271.2018.1556119. S2CID 155689938.
24. Pic, M. (1940). "Nouvelle série de Coléoptères d'Angola". Revue Suisse de Zoologie. 47 (17): 359–365. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.144765.