Subaru EN engine

The EN series engine is used for kei cars sold by Subaru in Japan. It is a four-cylinder, four-stroke engine introduced in 1989 and discontinued in 2012. It was a replacement for the two-cylinder EK23 that was used in the Subaru Rex. While other manufacturers adopted a three-cylinder engine, the Subaru EN is a four-cylinder of only 547 cc. Subaru also did make a three-cylinder engine, called the Subaru EF engine which was used in the Subaru Justy, but the larger EF engine (which was based on the smaller EK23) was not modernized at the same time.

Subaru EN engine
Overview
ManufacturerSubaru
Also calledClover 4 engine
Production1989–2012
Layout
Configurationinline-four petrol engine
Displacement
  • 547 cc (33.4 cu in)
  • 658 cc (40.2 cu in)
  • 758 cc (46.3 cu in)
Cylinder bore56 mm (2.20 in)
Piston stroke
  • 55.6 mm (2.19 in)
  • 66.8 mm (2.63 in)
  • 77.0 mm (3.03 in)
Valvetrain
Combustion
Fuel system
Fuel typePetrol
Cooling systemWater-cooled
Chronology
SuccessorDaihatsu KF engine

The following year, 1989, the Japanese Ministry of Transport revised the standards for kei cars. This resulted in the new 660 cc class series of four-cylinder engines, and the EN05 had its stroke increased to produce the EN07. The bore pitch remained 62.5 mm (2.46 in) to help keep the changes to a minimum.[1] The increased stroke helped make up for the lack of low-speed torque, a weakness of the other four-cylinder 660 cc engines. While four-cylinder engines are not typical in kei class cars, Subaru kept using this layout until they stopped manufacturing their own kei vehicles in 2012. Three-cylinder engines have proved to be on par with Subaru's four-cylinder designs; while not as smooth running they tend to be lighter and more economical due to lower friction losses. Nonetheless, the EN07 powered three of the five most fuel efficient kei passenger cars in 2009 (heading the list for the third year in a row), when the EN engine was its peak of development.[2]

There was a turbocharged version of the predecessor, the EK23, used in the Subaru Rex, which competed with the Daihatsu Mira and Suzuki Alto. This was replaced with a supercharger for the EN-series. The four-cylinder EN engine was originally marketed as the Clover 4, and Subaru cast the head with a clover-leaf mark, to set it apart from its three-cylinder version. Subaru remained faithful to the EN-series until they stopped building kei car engines.[1] Subaru uses Daihatsu three-cylinder units for the Sambar truck (now a rebadged Daihatsu Hijet) since 28 February 2012.

EN05

The EN05 was the first engine in the EN series. Variants include a naturally aspirated model with a carburetor, and the EMPi equipped with a supercharger. Cylinder dimensions are slightly oversquare.

  • SOHC 8-valve
  • Displacement: 547 cc
  • Bore × stroke: 56.0 × 55.6 mm[1]
  • Compression ratio: 10.0 (Naturally Aspirated carburetor) / 8.5 (supercharger)
  • Specifications, naturally aspirated carburetor: 38 PS (28 kW) at 7500 rpm, 4.5 kg⋅m (44 N⋅m) at 4500 rpm (KH2 1986 Subaru Rex)
  • Specifications, supercharged: 61 PS (45 kW) at 6400 rpm, 7.6 kg⋅m (75 N⋅m) at 4400 rpm (KH2 1986 Subaru Rex)

EN07

The EN05 had its stroke lengthened to reach the new 660 cc limit set for kei cars by the Japanese government for March 1990, making it a decidedly long-stroked unit.

EN07A (Naturally Aspirated carburetor)
Some versions of the EN07 engine intended for commercial use received upgraded internals and a crimson rocker cover such as this one.

Installed in the Vivio Van.

  • SOHC 8-valve
  • Displacement: 658 cc
  • Bore × stroke: 56.0 × 66.8 mm
  • Compression ratio: 10.0
  • Specification Reference: 42 PS (31 kW) at 7000 rpm, 5.3 kg⋅m (52 N⋅m) at 4500 rpm (KW series Subaru Vivio)

EN07C (Naturally Aspirated carburetor)

The engine was installed in the early Sambar van and truck. Compression ratio dropped slightly, and tuning emphasized low-rpm torque.

  • SOHC 8-valve
  • Displacement: 658 cc
  • Bore × stroke: 56.0 × 66.8 mm
  • Compression ratio: 9.8
  • Specification Reference: 40 PS (29 kW) at 6500 rpm, 5.5 kg⋅m (54 N⋅m) at 3500 rpm (KV3 series Sambar)

EN07L (LPG carburetor version)
  • SOHC 8-valve
  • Displacement: 658 cc
  • Bore × stroke: 56.0 × 66.8 mm
  • Compression ratio: 9.8

Used in:

  • Subaru Sambar
  • Subaru Sambar Dias

EN07E (Naturally Aspirated EMPi)

The EN07A engine (with a carburetor) became EN07E with EMPi.

  • SOHC 8-valve
  • Displacement: 658 cc
  • Bore × stroke: 56.0 × 66.8 mm
  • Compression ratio: 10.0
  • Specification Reference: 53 PS (39 kW) at 7200 rpm, 5.5 kg⋅m (54 N⋅m) at 5600 rpm (KK3 VIVIO MT version)

Used in:

EN07F (Naturally Aspirated EMPi)

The EN07C engine (with a carburetor) became EN07F with EMPi. The rocker cover on the delivery service version had a crimson ceramic coating.

  • SOHC 8-valve
  • Displacement: 658 cc
  • Bore × stroke: 56.0 × 66.8 mm
  • Compression ratio: 9.8
  • Specification Reference: 48 PS (35 kW) at 6400 rpm, 5.8 kg⋅m (57 N⋅m) at 3200 rpm (TV1 series Sambar)

EN07S (Naturally Aspirated SPI)

Was installed in the Pleo Van EGI SPI (single point injection) engine design.

  • SOHC 8-valve
  • Displacement: 658 cc
  • Bore × stroke: 56.0 × 66.8 mm
  • Compression ratio: 10.0
  • Specification Reference: 45 PS (33 kW) at 6400 rpm, 5.7 kg⋅m (56 N⋅m) at 4000 rpm

Used in:

  • Subaru Pleo

EN07Y (supercharger EMPi)
The EN07Y engine in a Subaru Sambar

The Rear engine/Rear drive version initially installed in the Sambar used a distributor, but a distributorless ignition was used from 1996 on. Like the EN07F, the high durability version used in the delivery-service version has a rocker cover decorated with a crimson ceramic coating.

  • SOHC 8-valve supercharger
  • Displacement: 658 cc
  • Bore × stroke: 56.0 × 66.8 mm
  • Compression ratio: 8.3
  • Specification Reference: 55 PS (40 kW) at 6200 rpm, 7.1 kg⋅m (70 N⋅m) at 3800 rpm (KV4 series Sambar Touring)
58 PS (43 kW) at 6000 rpm, 7.5 kg⋅m (74 N⋅m) at 4400 rpm (TV1 series Sambar Dias)

EN07W (minor change SPI)

Equipped with a CVT for Pleo; previously called "mild charge". For power and fuel economy the engine has both SPI and a low-pressure supercharger without intercooling.

  • SOHC 8-valve supercharger
  • Displacement: 658 cc
  • Bore × stroke: 56.0 × 66.8 mm
  • Compression ratio: 8.9
  • Specification Reference: 58 PS (43 kW) at 6400 rpm, 7.3 kg⋅m (72 N⋅m) at 4000 rpm

Subaru Pleo L (CVT transmission)

EN07U (mild change EMPi)

The EN07W engine became EN07U when fitted with EMPi and a small intercooler. The L-type Subaru Pleo late in the generation.

  • SOHC 8-valve supercharger intercooler (mild change)
  • Displacement: 658 cc
  • Bore × stroke: 56.0 × 66.8 mm
  • Compression ratio: 8.9
  • Specification Reference: 60 PS (44 kW) at 6400 rpm, 7.6 kg⋅m (75 N⋅m) at 4000 rpm

Subaru Pleo L (CVT transmission)

EN07Z (IC supercharger with EMPi)

The EN variant for Rex's hot model and for Pleo RM. The MPFI fuel injection (EMPi) was reset to make power at lower engine speeds.

  • SOHC 8-valve supercharged and intercooled
  • Displacement: 658cc
  • Bore × stroke: 56.0 × 66.8mm
  • Compression ratio: 8:5.1
  • Specification Reference: 64 PS (47 kW) at 6400 rpm, 8.6 kg⋅m (84 N⋅m) at 4400 rpm (Subaru Rex VX / Subaru Vivio GX)
64 PS (47 kW) at 6000 rpm, 9.1 kg⋅m (89 N⋅m) at 3600 rpm (Subaru Pleo RM)

Used in:

EN07D (dohc AVCS)

The Subaru R2 was fitted with this version from its debut. It has a variable valve timing DOHC head and direct ignition.

  • DOHC 16-valve AVCS
  • Displacement: 658 cc
  • Bore × stroke: 56.0 × 66.8 mm
  • Specifications: 54 PS (40 kW) at 6400 rpm, 6.4 kg⋅m (63 N⋅m) at 4400 rpm (R1, R2, Stella)

Used in:

EN07X (DOHC IC with supercharger)

The Vivio RX-R was developed at the time that the DOHC head design appeared. It adopted direct push and a high lift cam like Toyota, but the timing belt drives only the exhaust camshaft; the method of driving the intake cam is synchronous from there. This 660 cc DOHC narrows the valve angle slightly aiming for a compact combustion chamber. The first-launched and latest versions take regular gasoline, but there is also a high-octane gasoline version. Cylinder head channel was changed for Subaru Pleo when heat damage appeared in the cylinder farthest away from the radiator.

  • Supercharger intercooler with a DOHC 16 Valve
  • Displacement: 658 cc
  • Bore × stroke: 56.0 × 66.8 mm
  • Compression ratio: 9.0
  • Specification Reference: 64 PS (47 kW) at 7200 rpm, 10.8 kg⋅m (106 N⋅m) at 4000 rpm (Subaru Vivio RX-R)
64 PS (47 kW) at 6000 rpm, 10.5 kg⋅m (103 N⋅m) at 3200 rpm (Subaru Pleo RS)

Used in:

EN08

Export models were often equipped with a larger version of the EN engine, Subaru's 758 cc carburetted four-cylinder EN08 powerplant. Sold as the Subaru Fiori in Australia, this model was also marketed as the M80 and the Mini Jumbo in other export markets. The larger displacement was attained by stroking the engine to 77.0 mm (3.03 in) while retaining the original's bore and cylinder spacing.

  • SOHC 8-valve, carburettor
  • Displacement: 758 cc
  • Bore × stroke: 56.0 × 77.0 mm
  • Compression ratio: —
  • Specification Reference: 42 PS (31 kW) at 6000 rpm, 59 N⋅m (44 lb⋅ft) at 3600 rpm (European spec M80/Mini Jumbo)

References
  1. "スバルの軽自動車用エンジン" [Subaru's kei car engines]. a-design-for-life (in Japanese). 2014-09-27. Retrieved 2015-06-04.
  2. Kitajima Tomokazu (北島友和) (2009-04-01). "【e燃費アワード09】ユーザーの燃費志向が高まった1年…スバル" [Subaru wins 2009 e Fuel Economy Award]. Response.jp (in Japanese). IID, Inc. Archived from the original on 2009-12-23.
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