Stephanian (stage)

The Stephanian is a stage in the regional stratigraphy of northwest Europe with an age between roughly 304 and 299 Ma (million years ago). It is a subdivision of the Carboniferous system or period and the regional Silesian series. The uppermost units of the Coal Measures of England and Wales are probably of Stephanian age, though the larger part of this formation is referred to the earlier Westphalian. The stage derives its name from the city of Saint-Étienne for its coal mining basin in eastern central France (which itself derives from associations with Saint Stephen) where strata of this age occur.[1]

System	Series (NW Europe)	Stage (NW Europe)	Series (ICS)	Stage (ICS)	Age (Ma)
Permian					younger
Carboniferous	Silesian	Stephanian	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9–303.7
		Westphalian		Kasimovian	303.7–307.0
				Moscovian	307.0–315.2
				Bashkirian	315.2–323.2
		Namurian		Bashkirian	315.2–323.2
		Namurian	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2–330.9
	Dinantian	Visean		Visean	330.9–346.7
	Dinantian	Tournaisian		Tournaisian	346.7–358.9
Devonian					older
Subdivisions of the Carboniferous system in Europe compared with the official ICS-stages (as of 2018)

In the official geologic timescale of the ICS, the Stephanian is placed within the Pennsylvanian epoch (318-299 Ma).[2]

The (regionally defined) Stephanian stage corresponds to the (internationally used) Gzhelian. References appear in scientific literature to a Stephanian epoch or Stephanian series reflecting the stage's earlier status.

References

http://www.jncc.gov.uk/pdf/GCRDB/v11chap1.pdf
F M Gradstein, J G Ogg, A G Smith et al 2004, ‘A Geologic Time Scale 2004’.

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[1] ttp://www.jncc.gov.uk/pdf/GCRDB/v11chap1.pdf

[2] F M Gradstein, J G Ogg, A G Smith et al 2004, ‘A Geologic Time Scale 2004’.