Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase D

Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase D (EC 3.1.4.41, sphingomyelinase D) is an enzyme of the sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase family with systematic name sphingomyelin ceramide-phosphohydrolase.[1][2] These enzymes catalyse the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin, resulting in the formation of ceramide 1-phosphate and choline:

sphingomyelin + H2O ceramide 1-phosphate + choline
Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase D
Identifiers
EC number3.1.4.41
CAS number54992-31-3
Databases
IntEnzIntEnz view
BRENDABRENDA entry
ExPASyNiceZyme view
KEGGKEGG entry
MetaCycmetabolic pathway
PRIAMprofile
PDB structuresRCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum

or the hydrolysis of 2-lysophosphatidylcholine to give choline and 2-lysophosphatidate. Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase D activity is shared by enzymes with a wider substrate range, classified as phospholipases D or lipophosphodiesterase II EC 3.1.4.4.[3] Sphingomyelinases D are produced by some spiders in their venoms, specifically the brown recluse (loxosceles reclusa),[4] by arthropods such as ticks, or pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Pathogenicity is expressed through different mechanisms, such as membrane destabilization, cell penetration, inflammation of the lungs and cutaneous lesions, common following spider bites.

See also

References
  1. Carne HR, Onon EO (January 1978). "Action of Corynebacterium ovis exotoxin on endothelial cells of blood vessels". Nature. 271 (5642): 246–8. Bibcode:1978Natur.271..246C. doi:10.1038/271246a0. PMID 622164.
  2. Soucek A, Michalec C, Soucková A (January 1971). "Identification and characterization of a new enzyme of the group "phospholipase D" isolated from Corynebacterium ovis". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Enzymology. 227 (1): 116–28. doi:10.1016/0005-2744(71)90173-2. PMID 5543581.
  3. Murakami MT, Fernandes-Pedrosa MF, Tambourgi DV, Arni RK (April 2005). "Structural basis for metal ion coordination and the catalytic mechanism of sphingomyelinases D". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 280 (14): 13658–64. doi:10.1074/jbc.M412437200. PMID 15654080.
  4. Vetter, Richard S. (2015). The Brown Recluse Spider (1st ed.). Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. p. 58. ISBN 978-0-8014-7985-4. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
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