Spectrolebias

Spectrolebias is a genus of killifish in the family Rivulidae. These annual killifish are endemic to seasonal waters (like pools) in the Paraguay, Tocantins–Araguaia, Xingu and Mamoré–Grande basins in Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay.[2][3][4] Each species generally has a small distribution and some are seriously threatened by habitat loss; the entire known range of S. reticulatus is in the area flooded by the Belo Monte Dam.[5]

Spectrolebias
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Cyprinodontiformes
Family: Rivulidae
Genus: Spectrolebias
W. J. E. M. Costa & D. T. B. Nielsen, 1997
Type species
Spectrolebias semiocellatus
Costa & Nielsen, 1997[1]

They are small fish, up to 6 cm (2.4 in) in total length.[6] As typical of killifish, males are more colorful than females.[2][3][4]

Species

Spectrolebias was formerly regarded as a subgenus of Simpsonichthys.[7][8][9] Although this split is generally accepted, a genetic study indicates that Spectrolebias is not monophyletic.[10]

There are currently 9 recognized species in Spectrolebias:[6]

  • Spectrolebias bellidoi D. T. B. Nielsen & Pillet, 2015[2]
  • Spectrolebias brousseaui D. T. B. Nielsen, 2013[3]
  • Spectrolebias chacoensis (L. H. Amato, 1986)
  • Spectrolebias costai (Lazara, 1991)
  • Spectrolebias filamentosus (W. J. E. M. Costa, Barrera & Sarmiento, 1997)
  • Spectrolebias inaequipinnatus (W. J. E. M. Costa & G. C. Brasil, 2008)
  • Spectrolebias pilleti D. T. B. Nielsen & Brousseau, 2013[4]
  • Spectrolebias reticulatus (W. J. E. M. Costa & D. T. B. Nielsen, 2003)
  • Spectrolebias semiocellatus W. J. E. M. Costa & D. T. B. Nielsen, 1997

References
  1. Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Spectrolebias". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 16 September 2019.
  2. Nielsen, D.T.B. & Pillet, D. (2015): Spectrolebias bellidoi, a new annual fish (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae: Cynolebiatinae) from the upper Río Grande basin, Amazon basin, Bolivia. aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology, 21 (4): 180-187.
  3. Nielsen, D.T.B. (2013): Spectrolebias brousseaui (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae: Cynolebiatinae), a new annual fish from the upper río Mamoré basin, Bolivia. Neotropical Ichthyology, 11 (1): 81-84.
  4. Nielsen, D.T.B. & Brousseau, R. (2013): Spectrolebias pilleti, a new annual Killifish (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae: Cynolebiatinae) from the upper río Mamoré basin, Bolivia. aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology, 19 (3): 115-122.
  5. Nielsen, D.T.B.; M. Martins; R. Britzke (2014). "Description of a new species of annual fish, Maratecoara gesmonei (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from the rio Xingu system, Amazon basin, Brazil". aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology. 20 (2): 87–96.
  6. Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2018). Species of Spectrolebias in FishBase. November 2018 version.
  7. Costa, W.J.E.M. (2010). "Historical biogeography of cynolebiasine annual killifishes inferred from dispersal–vicariance analysis". Journal of Biogeography. 37 (10). doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02339.x.
  8. Costa, W.J.E.M. (2016). "Comparative morphology and classification of South American cynopoeciline killifishes (Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheilidae), with notes on family-group names used for aplocheiloids". Vertebrate Zoology. 66 (2): 125–140.
  9. Loureiro, M.; R. De Sá; S.W. Serra; F. Alonso; L.E.K. Lanés; M.V. Volcan; P. Calviño; D. Nielsen; A. Duarte; G. Garcia (2018). "Review of the family Rivulidae (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheiloidei) and a molecular and morphological phylogeny of the annual fish genus Austrolebias Costa 1998". Neotropical Ichthyology. 16 (3): e180007. doi:10.1590/1982-0224-20180007.
  10. Ponzetto, J.M.; R. Britzke; D.T.B. Nielsen; P.P. Parise-Maltempi; A.L. Alves (2016). "Phylogenetic relationships of Simpsonichthys subgenera (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae), including a proposal for a new genus". Zoologica Scripta. 45 (4). doi:10.1111/zsc.12159.


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