Soviet frigate Zadornyy

Zadornyy (Russian: Задорный, "Provocative") was a Project 1135 Burevestnik-class Guard Ship (Сторожевой Корабль, SKR) or Krivak-class frigate that served with the Soviet and Russian Navies. Displacing 3,190 tonnes (3,140 long tons; 3,520 short tons) full load, the vessel was built around the Metel anti-submarine missile system. The ship was launched on 25 March 1979 in Leningrad, the last of the class to be built by A.A. Zhdanov, and served with the Northern Fleet. After taking part in exercises Avangard-81, Sever-81 and Okean-83, and cruising as far as Havana, Cuba, the vessel was upgraded between 11 June 1990 and 23 May 1995 with missiles that added anti-ship capability. While serving with the Russian Navy, the ship took part in joint exercises with frigates of the Royal Navy, including a commemoration of the first Arctic convoy of the Second World War with HMS Campbeltown. After more than twenty-five years service, the ship was decommissioned on 3 December 2005.

A port bow view of Zadornyy at anchor in 1988.
History
Soviet Union
Name: Zadornyy
Namesake: Russian for Provocative
Builder: A.A. Zhdanov, Leningrad
Yard number: 716
Laid down: 10 November 1977
Launched: 25 March 1979
Commissioned: 31 August 1979
Decommissioned: 3 December 2005
Fate: Sold to be broken up
General characteristics
Class and type: Project 1135 Burevestnik frigate
Displacement: 2,835 tonnes (2,790 long tons; 3,125 short tons) standard, 3,190 tonnes (3,140 long tons; 3,520 short tons) full load
Length: 123 m (404 ft)
Beam: 142 m (466 ft)
Draft: 4.5 m (15 ft)
Propulsion: 2 shaft; COGAG; 2 x M-3 gas-turbines, 36,000 shp (27,000 kW); 2 x M-60 gas-turbines (cruise), 12,000 shp (8,900 kW)
Speed: 32 knots (59 km/h)
Range: 4,000 nmi (7,408 km) at 14 knots (26 km/h)
Complement: 23 officers, 169 men
Sensors and
processing systems:		 MR-310A Angara-A air/surface search radar, Volga navigation radar, Don navigation radar, MG-332 Titan-2, MG-325 Vega, 2 MG-7 Braslet and MGS-400K sonars
Electronic warfare
& decoys:		 PK-16 ship-borne decoy dispenser system
Armament:

Design

Designed by N.P. Sobolov, Zadornyy was one of twenty-one Project 1135 ships launched between 1970 and 1981.[1] Named for the Russian word for Provactive, the vessel served with the Soviet Navy, and the Russian Navy after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, as an anti-submarine frigate.[2] The ship was designated a Guard Ship (Сторожевой Корабль, SKR) to reflect the Soviet strategy of creating protected areas for friendly ballistic missile submarines close to the coast.[3]

Displacing 2,835 tonnes (2,790 long tons; 3,125 short tons) standard and 3,190 tonnes (3,140 long tons; 3,520 short tons) full load, Zadornyy was 123 m (404 ft) long overall, with a beam of 14.2 m (46 ft 7 in) and a draught of 4.5 m (14 ft 9 in). Power was provided by a combination of two 18,000 horsepower (13,000 kW) M3 and two 6,000 horsepower (4,500 kW) M60 gas turbines installed as a COGAG set named М7, which enabled the ship to achieve a design speed of 32 knots (59 km/h). Range was 4,000 nmi (7,408 km) at 14 knots (26 km/h), 3,515 nmi (6,510 km) at 18 knots (33 km/h), 3,155 nmi (5,843 km) at 24 knots (44 km/h) and 1,240 nmi (2,296 km) at 32 knots (59 km/h). The ship’s complement was 192, including 23 officers.[4]

Zadornyy initially had a primary mission of anti-submarine warfare and for this end was equipped with four URPK-3 Metel missiles (NATO reporting name SS-N-14 Silex), backed up by two quadruple torpedo tubes for 533-millimetre (21.0 in) torpedoes, a pair of 213 mm (8 in) RBU-6000 Smerch-2 anti-submarine rocket launchers.[5] The main armament was upgraded to URPK-5 Rastrub (SS-N-14B) to add anti-shipping capability between 11 June 1990 and 23 May 1995.[6] Defence against aircraft was provided by forty 4K33 OSA-M (SA-N-4 Gecko) surface to air missiles which were launched from four ZIF-122 launchers.[3] Two twin 76 mm (3 in) AK-726 guns were mounted aft and two single mounts for 45 mm (2 in) 21-KM guns were carried on the superstructure.[7] Mines were also carried, either eigthteen IGDM-500 KSM, fourteen KAM, fourteen KB Krab, ten Serpey, four PMR-1, seven PMR-2, seven MTPK-1, fourteen RM-1 mines or twelve UDM-2.[4]

The ship had a well-equipped sensor suite, including a single MR-310A Angara-A air/surface search radar, Volga navigation radar, Don navigation radar, MP-401S Start-S ESM radar system, Nickel-KM and Khrom-KM IFF and ARP-50R radio direction finder. An extensive sonar complement was fitted, including MG-332 Titan-2, MG-325 Vega and MGS-400K, along with two MG-7 Braslet anti-saboteur sonars and the MG-26 Hosta underwater communication system.[4]

Service

Zadornyy was laid down by A.A. Zhdanov in Leningrad on 10 November 1977, the last of the class to be constructed by the shipbuilder, and was given the yard number 716.[8] Launched on 25 March 1979 and commissioned on 31 August, the vessel was accepted into the Northern Fleet on 13 September the same year as part of the 10th Brigade. The ship was subsequently involved in the Avangard-81, Sever-81 and Okean-83 exercises. These increasingly demonstrated the Soviet ability to operate as a blue-water navy.[9] As part of operations in the Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea and Mediterranean Sea, the ship visited Havana, Cuba, between 28 December 1984 and 2 January 1985 and Algiers, Algeria, between 2 and 6 May 1985.[10] The Cuban visit was repeated between 3 and 7 November 1988 when Zadornyy returned to Havana along with the Large Anti-Submarine Ship (Большой Противолодочный Корабль, BPK) Vice-Admiral Kulakov and Project 641B submarine B-215.[11]

With the dissolution of the dissolution of the Soviet Union on 26 December 1991, the ship was transferred to the Russian Navy and, in 1996, took part in the Navy's Tricentennial at Arkhangelsk. Zadornyy took part in a number of joint operations with Royal Navy frigates, operating with HMS Iron Duke in the Barents Sea in honour of the Arctic convoys of World War II during June 1997, taking part in an August 2001 exercise named Dervish after the first Arctic convoy with HMS Campbeltown, and hosting HMS Sutherland on a visit to Murmansk in May 2005.[12][13][14] Soon afterwards, on 3 December 2005, the ship was decommissioned. The flag was finally lowered on 6 February 2006 and the ship sold to be broken up on 16 August 2006.[6][15]

Pennant numbers
Pennant numberDate
5201979
965
909
9481983
9371985
9591988
9551998

References

Citations
  1. Pavlov 1997, p. 132.
  2. Baker 2002, p. 637.
  3. Gardiner & Friedman 1983, p. 491.
  4. "Guard Ships Project 1135". Russian Ships. 2016. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
  5. Baker 2002, pp. 637–638.
  6. Holm, Michael (2017). "Project 1135 Krivak I class". Soviet Armed Forces 1945-1991. Archived from the original on 19 February 2017. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
  7. Baker 2002, p. 638.
  8. Sharpe 1996, p. 544.
  9. Polmar 1991, p. 81.
  10. Apalkov 2005, p. 78.
  11. "Посещение кораблей ВМФ СССР" [Visit of Soviet Naval Vessels]. Krasnaya Zvezda (in Russian): 3. 1 November 1988.
  12. "Iron Duke Smooths the Way with Ivan". Navy News: 15. July 1997.
  13. "Tributes to Convoys - and to the Kursk" (PDF). Navy News: 20. October 2001. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
  14. "Sutherland Honours Heroes of the North". Navy News: 44. June 2005.
  15. Milashina, Elena (4 June 2007). "Капиталы первого ранга" [Capital of the First Rank]. Novaya Gazeta. Retrieved 21 September 2020.

Bibliography
  • Apalkov, Yuri Valentinovich (2005). Противолодочные корабли Часть 1. Противолодочные крейсера, большие противолодочные и сторожевые корабли [Anti-submarine ships Part 1. Anti-submarine cruisers, large anti-submarine ships and patrol ships]. St Petersburg: Galeya. ISBN 5-8172-0094-5.
  • Baker, A. D. (2002). The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World 2002-2003. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-55750-242-1.
  • Gardiner, Robert; Friedman, Norman (1983). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1947-1982 Part. 2, The Warsaw Pact and Non-Aligned Nations. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-923-8.
  • Pavlov, Aleksandr Sergeevich (1997). Warships of the USSR and Russia, 1945-1995. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-55750-671-9.
  • Polmar, Norman (1991). Guide to the Soviet Navy. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-240-6.
  • Sharpe, Richard (1996). Jane's Fighting Ships 1996–1997. London: Janes. ISBN 978-0-71061-355-4.
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