Sof passuk

The Sof passuk (Hebrew: סוֹף פָּסוּק‎, end of verse, also spelled Sof pasuq and other variant English spellings, and sometimes called סלוק silluq) is the cantillation mark that occurs on the last word of every verse in the Tanakh. Some short verses contain only members of the sof passuk group.

Sof passuk
סוֹף פָּסוּק‎ ׃‎ הָאָֽרֶץ׃‎
cantillation
Sof passuk׃  paseq׀
etnachta֑  segol֒
shalshelet֓  zaqef qatan֔
zaqef gadol֕  tifcha֖
rivia֗  zarqa֘
pashta֙  yetiv֚
tevir֛  geresh֜
geresh muqdam֝  gershayim֞
qarney para֟  telisha gedola֠
pazer֡  atnah hafukh֢
munach֣  mahapakh֤
merkha֥  merkha kefula֦
darga֧  qadma֨
telisha qetana֩  yerah ben yomo֪
ole֫  illuy֬
dehi֭  zinor֮

The Sof passuk can be preceded by the marks Mercha, Tipcha, and Mercha in that order, including either all or some of these. However, these Merchas and Tipchas do not necessarily have the same melody as those in the Etnachta group.[1] Altogether, there are five possible arrangements how these can appear.[2]

Total occurrences
Book Number of appearances
Torah 5,852[3]
   Genesis 1,533[3]
   Exodus 1,213[3]
   Leviticus 859[3]
   Numbers 1,288[3]
   Deuteronomy 959[3]
Nevi'im 4,975[4]
Ketuvim 3,599[4]

Melody

Note that the melody for trope is different in Torah, Haftarah, and Megillot. Different Jewish communities also use different Torah tropes. The following should not be considered an exhaustive list of all possible cantillations.

Basic

Appears at the end of a verse

Sof Parasha/Sof Hachelek

Appears at the end of a lilah

In the Ten Commandments

There is controversy over the use of the Sof Passuk during the reading of the Ten Commandments. There are two versions of the trope sounds for the Ten Commandments, one that divides them into 13 verses, based on the number of Sof Passuk notes, and the other that divides them into ten verses, the actual number of commandments. It is for this reason that not all commandments actually have a sof passuk at the end of their own names.[5]

Other versions

Sof parasha

The end of a single reading (aliya) which is chanted in a different melody, thereby giving the sound of finality to the reading.[6] The tune for the end of the aliya can be applied to different verses based on different reading schedules, including the full parasha (on Shabbat during Shacharit in most synagogues), a partial reading (as is read on weekdays, Shabbat Mincha, and the selected readings of various holidays), or the Triennial cycle.

Sof Sefer

At the conclusion to any sefer of the Torah, a special tune is used for the words "Hazak Hazak Venithazek" after the reader finishes the book. These words are recited first by the congregation and then repeated by the reader.[7][8]

Unicode
Glyph Unicode[9] Name
׃‎ U+05C3 HEBREW PUNCTUATION SOF PASUQ

References
  1. The Art of Cantillation, Volume 2: A Step-By-Step Guide to Chanting Haftarot, by Marshall Portnoy, Josée Wolff, page 15
  2. The Art of Cantillation, Volume 2: A Step-By-Step Guide to Chanting Haftarot, by Marshall Portnoy, Josée Wolff, page 16
  3. Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible: Concordance ..., Volume 1, by James D. Price, page 6
  4. Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible: Concordance ..., Volume 1, by James D. Price, page 5
  5. Essays on the writings of Abraham ibn Ezra by Michael Friedländer, Abraham ben Meïr Ibn Ezra, pages 113-14
  6. Aspects of orality and formularity in Gregorian chant by Theodore Karp, page 25
  7. http://mattrutta.blogspot.com/2006/07/dvar-torah-matot-masei.html
  8. https://www.rabbinicalassembly.org/sites/default/files/public/halakhah/teshuvot/19912000/goldberg_hazak.pdf
  9. Unicode Character 'HEBREW PUNCTUATION SOF PASUQ' (U+05C3)
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