Single-entry bookkeeping

Single-entry bookkeeping or single-entry accounting is a method of bookkeeping relying on a one sided accounting entry to maintain financial information. It is known as an incomplete or unscientific method for recording transaction.

Double entry accounting often requires commitment which most sole proprietors can’t afford to do or simply not interested in it. Among these types of business its common for them to only keep records of bill payments and cash they received during the course of the business. Nonetheless, there is some level of record keeping as these businesses are keeping track income and expenditure of the business. As such, the practice of keeping partial records of business related transactions which is outside the requirements of double entry book keeping is called “single entry accounting” / “Accounting for incomplete records” { book{bright_mastering_1990, title = {Mastering accounting}, isbn = {978-0-333-51198-5 978-0-333-51199-2 978-0-333-51197-8},language = {English}, publisher = {Macmillan}, author = {Bright, G. and Herbert, M.}, year = {1990}}}.[1]

Most businesses maintain a record of all transactions using double-entry bookkeeping. However, many smaller businesses keep only a single-entry book that records the "bare essentials." In some cases, only records of cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and taxes paid may be maintained.

This type of accounting with additional information can typically be compiled into an income statement and statement of affairs by a professional accountant.

Advantages

Single-entry systems are used in the interest of simplicity. If double-entry bookkeeping is needed, then the services of a trained person are often required.

According to the Internal Revenue Service, single-entry bookkeeping is based on the income statement (profit or loss statement). It can be simple and practical for those starting a small business.[2]

Additionally, the IRS states:

1. A single-entry system does not include equal debit and credit to the balance sheet and income statement accounts. It is not self-balancing. Arithmetic errors in the account totals are thus common. Reconciliation of the books and records to the return is an important audit step.
2. A single-entry system may consist only of transactions posted in a notebook, daybook, or journal. However, it may include a complete set of journals and a ledger providing accounts for all important items.

Disadvantages

1. Data may not be available to management for effectively planning and controlling the business.
2. Lack of systematic and precise bookkeeping may lead to inefficient administration and reduced control over the affairs of the business.
3. Theft and other losses are less likely to be detected.

References

1. Bright, George. (1990). Mastering accounting. Herbert, Michael, 1947-. Macmillan. p. 192. ISBN 0-333-51198-0. OCLC 20259098.
2. IRS Publication 583: Starting a Business and Keeping Records