Shirley, London

Shirley is an area of south London, England, within the London Borough of Croydon and the historic county of Surrey. It is located 10 miles (16 km) south south-east of Charing Cross, to the south of Monks Orchard, west of West Wickham, north of Spring Park and Addington and east of Addiscombe. The Shirley area is split into Shirley proper (centred on Wickham Road), Shirley Oaks (to the north) and Upper Shirley (to the west); the suburbs of Monks Orchard and Spring Park are sometimes also considered to be sub-districts of Shirley.[2]

Shirley

Shirley Library
Shirley
Location within Greater London
Population14,296 (2011 Census. Ward)[1]
OS grid referenceTQ361658
London borough
Ceremonial countyGreater London
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townCROYDON
Postcode districtCR0
Dialling code020
PoliceMetropolitan
FireLondon
AmbulanceLondon
UK Parliament
London Assembly

History

The name Shirley, first recorded in 1314, is thought to mean 'shire clearing', referring to its position adjacent to the traditional Kent-Surrey border, though it may instead mean 'bright clearing'.[2] It was long a small hamlet, with a large mansion (Shirley House) being built here in 1721; this was purchased by John Maberley in the mid-1800s.[2] Around this period the population was growing, with more housing being built.[2] St John's Church was built in 1856 to serve the needs of the growing community, replacing a smaller chapel dating from 1835.[2]

Shirley House was converted into the Shirley Park Hotel in 1912.[2] In the 1930s. House building in the area rapidly expanded, largely consisting of suburban-style semi-detached houses, with the Monks Orchard estate also being built in this period.[2] However some land escaped the building boom; Shirley Park Hotel was bought by the Whitgift Foundation in 1965 to become Trinity School in a new building constructed on the site.[2]

Neighbouring the Whitgift School grounds is Shirley Park Golf Course. To the south of Shirley are large areas of woodland, including Addington Hills and Threehalfpenny Wood. Parks and open spaces are dotted across the area, including Miller’s Pond in Spring Park. Central Shirley (along Wickham Road) contains a library, several shops and restaurants and two pubs - The Crown and the Shirley Inn.

Shirley Oaks
Shirley Oaks Hospital, built on the site of the former Children's Home

Shirley Oaks is situated north of central Shirley, abutting Monks Orchard.[2] The land here was traditionally the property of the archbishop of Canterbury.[2] The area gets its name from Oaks Farm, which lay here circa 1800.[2] The area began to be developed in the early 20th century, with the opening of the Shirley Oaks Children's Home in 1903.[2] Following the closure of the Home in 1982, the site was demolished and replaced with modern housing by Heron Homes.[2] Part of the site was set aside for Shirley Oaks Hospital, a private healthcare centre which opened in 1986.[2]

Shirley Oaks Children's Home

The Shirley Oaks Children's Home opened in 1903 and was run by the London Borough of Lambeth until its closure in 1982.[2] It was the largest in the country.[3] The children's home consisted of 38 cottages on a 80 acres (32 ha) site;[4] it contained its own school. In 2014 allegations of abuse emerged, and the Shirley Oaks survivors association (SOSA) was set up. Between then and 2020, 1,760 people have described suffering sexual, physical and racial abuse while at the home.[3][5] Children were "drugged, tortured and sexually assaulted."[6] The Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse "heard that despite widespread mistreatment of children, the authority (Lambeth Council) failed to investigate any allegations at the time."[7]

The Metropolitan police inquiry, Operation Midland, which examined all the borough's children’s homes, concluded at least 35 men and women had abused children over a 20-year period. SOSA believes that over a 60-year period, over 120 abusers were involved.[3]

To compensate victims of the abuse at Shirley Oaks (and also Lambeth Children’s Home), Lambeth Council has set up a Redress Scheme open until January 2022. The scheme is assisted by child abuse lawyers Ann Olivarius and Jeff Anderson of AO Advocates. As of January 2020, £30.7 million has been paid directly to victims.[8]

Upper Shirley
The Shirley Windmill

Upper Shirley is situated to the south-west of Shirley proper and is centred on the junction of Upper Shirley Road and Oaks Road, adjacent to the Addington Hills and Shirley Park and Addington golf courses.[2] The settlement is thought to have originated in the mid-18th century, originally under the name 'Badger's Hole'.[2] The area was home to a brewery in the mid-18th century.[2] In 1865 the Surprise pub opened.[2] There was another pub in the area - The Sandrock - which was located at the junction of Upper Shirley Road with Sandpits Road, which closed in 2018.[9] The area is largely affluent, especially along Bishops Walk.[2]

Shirley Windmill
Main article: Shirley Windmill

Upper Shirley's most prominent landmark is the tower mill, which was built by Richard Alwen to replace the first mill on the site (built by his grandfather William Alwen in 1808) after it was burnt by fire in 1854.[10] By 1893, Alfred Rayson, the owner, was forced to abandon the mill as unviable. After closure the mill was allowed to deteriorate, being struck by lightning in 1899 and again in 1906.[11][12]

In 1951 the mill and land were acquired by the Croydon Corporation. The mill was threatened with demolition when the new John Ruskin School was built but it was protected by its Grade II listed status[13] and strong public interest. The school, now the John Ruskin College, later left the site and housing was built around the mill.[2]

In August 1996, it was announced that the London Borough of Croydon was to receive a grant of £218,100 from the Heritage Lottery Fund for the mill.[14][15] The grant money has helped restore the mill to working order and open it to the public.

Shirley Windmill is open to the public on the first Sunday of each month June to October open in May on National Mills weekend (Sunday) and usually open for the annual Open House Weekend (Sunday) in September.

Local schools
Trinity School of John Whitgift

Primary schools
  • Forest Academy
  • Harris Primary Academy Benson
  • Monks Orchard Primary School
  • Orchard Way Primary School
  • St John's Church of England Primary School

Secondary schools

Notable residents
  • St John's Church, Shirley
  • The Surprise Inn, Upper Shirley
  • Shops on the eastern end of Wickham Road
  • The White Lodge, a grade II listed building dating to 1840[22]
  • The Shirley Inn pub
  • Shops at the western end of Wickham Road

References
  1. "Croydon Ward population 2011". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
  2. Willey, Russ. Chambers London Gazetteer, p 439
  3. Hopkins, Nick (25 June 2020). "Over £46m paid to survivors of abuse at Lambeth children's homes". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  4. "Shirley Hell | Urban Concepts". Shirley Oaks Survivors Association. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  5. Hopkins, Nick (25 June 2020). "'I have suffered all my life': survivors tell of abuse at Shirley Oaks children's home". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  6. "Shirley Oaks: Children 'drugged, tortured and sexually assaulted'," BBC, 30 June 2020.
  7. "Shirley Oaks: 'Hundreds of children racially and sexually abused'," BBC, 29 June 2020.
  8. "Lambeth Children’s Homes Redress Scheme Update," Lambeth Council, January 2020.
  9. "Closed pub home to a 'phantom preacher' will remain despite flats proposal". Sutton & Croydon Guardian. 20 August 2018. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  10. Farries, Kenneth G & Mason, Martin T (1966). The Windmills of Surrey and Inner London. London: Charles Skilton. pp. 199–202.
  11. "New guidebook to Shirley Windmill". Windmill World. Archived from the original on 27 May 2008. Retrieved 22 May 2008.
  12. Arthur, George. "Windmills in Greater London". London's Industrial Archaeology, No 3. London: Greater London Industrial Archaeology Society.
  13. Stuff, Good. "Shirley Windmill, Croydon, Croydon". britishlistedbuildings.co.uk.
  14. "Shirley Windmill | Open House London 2019". openhouselondon.open-city.org.uk. Retrieved 5 October 2019.
  15. "Upminster Windmill to be saved | The National Lottery Heritage Fund". www.heritagefund.org.uk. Retrieved 5 October 2019.
  16. "Goodnight from him: Croydon comedy legend Ronnie Corbett dies aged 85". Croydon Guardian.
  17. "Ronnie Corbett dies", The Independent, 31 March 2016.
  18. "This is what Croydon's Ben Haenow is up to 5 years after winning The X Factor". My London. 11 July 2020. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  19. "George Pilkington Mills - Graces Guide". www.gracesguide.co.uk.
  20. "John Surtees OBE" (PDF). The RH7 History Group. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
  21. "Footballer's Croydon home up for £6million". Sutton & Croydon Guardian. 22 July 2007. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
  22. Historic England. "The White Lodge (1293836)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
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