Shidao Bay Nuclear Power Plant

Shidao Bay Nuclear Power Plant (simplified Chinese: 石岛湾核电厂; traditional Chinese: 石島灣核電廠; pinyin: Shídǎo wān hédiàn chǎng), commonly known as Shidaowan, is a nuclear power plant in Shandong province, China. The site is located near the Xiqianjia village in Ningjin subdistrict, Rongcheng, Weihai, Shandong. The plant is located about 23 kilometres (14 mi) south of Rongcheng City, 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) northwest of Shidao, and 68 kilometres (42 mi) southeast of Weihai City.[2]

Shidao Bay Nuclear Power Plant[1]
Official name	石島灣核電廠
Country	People's Republic of China
Location	Rongcheng, Weihai, Shandong
Coordinates	36°58′20″N 122°31′44″E
Status	Under construction
Construction began	December 9, 2012
Construction cost	US$16 billion (units 1–7)
Owner(s)	China Huaneng Group Shandong Shidao Bay Nuclear Power Co., Ltd (HSNPC) Tsinghua University
Nuclear power station
Reactor type	HTGR
Cooling source	Heiniwan
Power generation
Make and model	HTR-PM CAP1400
Units planned	9 × 200 MW
Units under const.	1 × 200 MW 2 × 1400 MW

The plant will have the first fourth-generation nuclear reactors in the world:[3] the HTR-PM, a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) concept (36°58′45″N 122°31′50″E). The plant will ultimately have ten 210 MW_e (megawatts electrical) units of this type. Each unit is made of two HTR-PM reactors driving a single 210 MW_e steam turbine.

The plant does also host the construction of two 1,500 MW_e CAP1400 pressurized water reactors (36°57′56″N 122°31′12″E), a design based on the AP1000[4] jointly developed by Westinghouse and China's State Nuclear Power Technology Corporation (SNPTC).

Shidao Bay nuclear power plant is a joint venture by China Huaneng Group, China Nuclear Engineering & Construction Group, and Tsinghua University. The total investment of 100 billion yuan (US$15.7 billion) and the 20-year construction plan makes it China's largest planned nuclear project.

HTR-PM

In 2005, China announced its intention to scale up the HTR-10 experimental reactor for commercial power generation. The first two 250-MWt High-Temperature Reactor-Pebble-bed Modules (HTR-PM) will be installed at Shidao Bay, and together drive a steam turbine generating 200 MWe.

Originally to be started in 2011, the project was postponed after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in Japan in March 2011. In 2009, it was planned to be finished in 2013.[5] Construction finally began at the end of 2012,[6] with the pouring of concrete basemat occurring in April 2014.[7] The vessel was installed in 2016. It was expected to begin operating around 2017,[8] later postponed to 2018. The pressure vessel head was installed in December 2017.[9] Cold testing was completed in November 2020.[10] Hot functional testing of the reactors began in January 2021, and operational start up is planned for late 2021.[11]

An updated larger power plant, HTR-PM600, is planned with a capacity of 600 MWe using six HTR-PM reactor units.[12]

CAP1400

In November 2006, State Power Investment Corporation (SPIC) introduced the AP1000, a third-generation pressurized water reactor design, from the U.S. company Westinghouse Electric Corporation. Since then China built four AP1000 units, two in the Sanmen Nuclear Power Station, and another two in the Haiyang Nuclear Power Plant.

China has upgraded the AP1000 technology, researching and developing its own version, the more powerful CAP1400, also referred to as Guohe One (Guo He One, Chinese: 或国合; pinyin: huò guó hé, i.e. unity of the country).[13]

Preparation work started in 2013 and Unit 1 construction started in 2018. Completion estimated in 2021.[14]

In May 2016, the CAP1400 design has successfully passed the International Atomic Energy Agency's (IAEA) Generic Reactor Safety Review.

According to SPIC, the company is building two CAP1400 reactors in a demonstration project located in the Shidao Bay nuclear plant.[15][16]

In March 2017, the Unit 1 first CAP1400 reactor pressure vessel hydraulic test was completed at the factory test site. The pressure vessel is the core equipment of the reactor and has a total weight of about 487 tons and a design life of 60 years.[17]

On 30 June 2017, the Unit 1 first low-pressure module LP2 of the CAP1400 National Nuclear Demonstration Project Turbine, was completed by Dongfang Electric Group Dongfang Steam Turbine Co., Ltd. The CAP1400 steam turbine low-pressure rotor has a weight of 267 tons and the whole block weight is 749 tons. The 1.828 metres (6.00 ft) blade steam turbine rotor is the world's largest nuclear power turbine rotor. The LP2 steam turbine will help drive the CAP1400 1,520 MW generator.[18]

Reactor data

The Shidao Bay Nuclear Power Plant consist of three reactors under construction, and four planned future reactors.

Unit	Type	Net Capacity	Gross Capacity	Construction start	Operation start	Notes
I-1	VHTR	200 MWe	211 MWe	9 December 2010	2021
II-1	PWR	1500 MWe	1550 MWe	July 2019
II-2	PWR	1500 MWe	1550 MWe	July 2019

See also

• Nuclear power in China
• List of nuclear reactors#China

References

1. "Shidao Bay nuclear power plant started at the end of 2012". Qingdao Municipal Government. 14 January 2013. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
2. "Marine Works of Shidao Bay Nuclear Power Plant". CCCC-FHDI Engineering. 5 May 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
3. "HTR-PM: Making dreams come true - Nuclear Engineering International". www.neimagazine.com. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
4. John A. Mathews; Hao Tan; O'Faircheallaigh (13 August 2015). China’s Renewable Energy Revolution. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 55–. ISBN 978-1-137-54625-8.
5. "Current status and technical description of Chinese 2×250MWth HTR-PM demonstration plant". Nuclear Engineering and Design. 239: 1212–1219. doi:10.1016/j.nucengdes.2009.02.023.
6. "China Begins Construction Of First Generation IV HTR-PM Unit". 7 January 2013.
7. "First HTR-PM construction progresses". 4 April 2014. Retrieved 8 April 2014.
8. "First vessel installed in China's HTR-PM unit". 21 March 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
9. http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-First-HTR-PM-vessel-head-in-place-0401185.html
10. "Cold testing of HTR-PM reactors completed". www.world-nuclear-news.org. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
11. "Hot functional testing of HTR-PM reactors starts". www.world-nuclear-news.org. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
12. "China plans further high temperature reactor innovation". www.world-nuclear-news.org. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
13. "A milestone in nuclear power autonomy, Guohe No. 1 was released in Shanghai". www.seetao.com. Beijing Shifang Jiandao Culture Media Co. 29 September 2020. Archived from the original on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
14. "CAP1400 first of a kind project". www.snptc.com.cn. Archived from the original on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 12 April 2019.
15. "World's First Third-generation AP1000 Power Plant in China Starts Fueling". www.snptc.com.cn. 27 April 2018. Archived from the original on 22 July 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2019.
16. "SPIC 2016 presentation" (PDF). eng.spic.com.cn. 2016. pp. 11, 12. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 April 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2019.
17. "The first hydraulic pressure test of the first CAP1400 reactor pressure vessel in China was successful". hlj.people.com.cn (in Chinese). People's Network. 20 March 2017. Archived from the original on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 12 April 2019.
18. Bing, Li (2 July 2017). Mengzhan, Li (ed.). "CAP1400 Turbine Cover Cylinder China's third-generation nuclear power technology takes a major breakthrough". news.takungpao.com.hk (in Chinese). Takungpao. Archived from the original on 2 July 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2019.