Sheikh Zayed Mosque

The Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque (Arabic: جَامِع ٱلشَّيْخ زَايِد ٱلْكَبِيْر‎, romanized: Jāmiʿ Ash-Shaykh Zāyid Al-Kabīr) is located in Abu Dhabi, the capital city of the United Arab Emirates.[2] The largest mosque in the country, it is the key place of worship for daily, Friday and Eid prayers. During Eid, it may be visited by more than 41,000 people.[2]

Sheikh Zayed Grand mosque
جَامِع ٱلشَّيْخ زَايِد ٱلْكَبِيْر
Sheikh Zayed Mosque as seen from the courtyard.
Religion
AffiliationIslam
Branch/traditionSunni Islam (Malikite)
OwnershipGovernment
Location
LocationAbu Dhabi, U.A.E.
Location in the United Arab Emirates
Geographic coordinates24.412°N 54.474°E / 24.412; 54.474
Architecture
Architect(s)Yusef Abdelki of Halcrow Group[1]
TypeMosque
Groundbreaking1996
Completed20 December 2007
Construction cost2 billion dirhams
(US$545 million)
Specifications
Capacityover 41000
Length420 m (1,380 ft)
Width290 m (950 ft)
Dome(s)82 domes of seven different sizes
Dome height (outer)85 m (279 ft)
Dome dia. (outer)32.2 m (106 ft)
Minaret(s)4
Minaret height107 m (351 ft)
Website
مركز جامع الشيخ زايد الكبير

History

The Grand Mosque was constructed between 1996 and 2007.[3] It was designed by Syrian architect Yousef Abdelky.[4] The building complex measures approximately 290 by 420 m (950 by 1,380 ft), covering an area of more than 12 hectares (30 acres), excluding exterior landscaping and vehicle parking. The main axis of the building is rotated about 11° south of true west, aligning it in the direction of the Kaaba in Mecca, Saudi Arabia.

The project was launched by the late president of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, who wanted to establish a structure that would unite the cultural diversity of the Islamic world with the historical and modern values of architecture and art.[5] In 2004, Sheikh Zayed died and was buried in the courtyard of the mosque.

Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque Center (SZGMC) offices are located in the west minarets. SZGMC manages the day-to-day operations and serves as a center of learning and discovery through its educational cultural activities and visitor programs. The library, located in the northeast minaret, serves the community with classic books and publications addressing a range of Islamic subjects: sciences, civilization, calligraphy, the arts, and coins, including some rare publications dating back more than 200 years. The collection comprises material in a broad range of languages, including Arabic, English, French, Italian, Spanish, German, and Korean. For two years running, it was voted the world's second favorite landmark by TripAdvisor.[6]

Design and construction

The design of the Sheikh Zayed Mosque has been inspired by Persian, Mughal, and the Alexandrian Mosque of Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi Mosque in Egypt, also the Indo-Islamic mosque architecture, particularly the Badshahi Mosque in Lahore, Pakistan being direct influences. The dome layout and floorplan of the mosque was inspired by the Badshahi Mosque. Its archways are quintessentially Moorish, and its minarets classically Arab.

In a joint-venture between Italian contractors Impregilo and Rizzani de Eccher, more than 3,000 workers and 38 sub-contracting companies were conscripted in its construction. The mosque was completed under a second contract by a Joint Venture between ACC and Six Construct (part of BESIX ) between 2004 and 2007.[7][8][9] Natural materials were chosen for much of its design and construction due to their long-lasting qualities, including marble stone, gold, semi-precious stones, crystals and ceramics. Artisans and materials came from many countries including India, Italy, Germany, Egypt, Turkey, Morocco, Pakistan, Malaysia, Iran, China, United Kingdom, New Zealand, North Macedonia and the UAE.

Dimensions and statistics

The mosque is large enough to accommodate over 40,000 worshippers, while the main prayer hall can hold over 7,000. There are two smaller prayer halls, with a capacity of 1,500 each, one of which is the women's prayer hall.[2]

There are four minarets on the four corners of the courtyard which rise about 107 m (351 ft) in height. The courtyard, with its floral design, measures about 17,000 m2 (180,000 sq ft), and is considered to be the largest example of marble mosaic in the world.[2]

Marble used in the construction included:

  • Sivec from Prilep, North Macedonia was used on the external cladding (115,119 m2 (1,239,130 sq ft) of cladding has been used on the mosque, including the minarets)
  • Lasa from Laas, South Tyrol, Italy was used in the internal elevations
  • Makrana from Makrana, India was used in the annexes and offices
  • Acquabianca and Bianco P from Italy
  • East White and Ming Green from China[2]

To compare, the King Faisal Mosque of Sharjah, formerly the largest mosque in Sharjah[10] and country, measures 10,000–12,000 m2 (110,000–130,000 sq ft).[1][11]

Key architectural

The Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque has many special and unique elements: The carpet in the hall is considered to be the world's largest carpet made by Iran's Carpet Company and designed by Iranian artist Ali Khaliqi.[12] This carpet measures 5,627 m2 (60,570 sq ft), and was made by around 1,200-1,300 carpet knotters. The weight of this carpet is 35 ton and is predominantly made from wool (originating from New Zealand and Iran). There are 2,268,000,000 knots within the carpet and it took approximately two years to complete.[2]

The Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque has seven imported chandeliers from the company Faustig in Munich, Germany that incorporate millions of Swarovski crystals. The largest chandelier is the second largest known chandelier inside a mosque, the third largest in the world, and has a 10 m (33 ft) diameter and a 15 m (49 ft) height.[2]

The pools along the arcades reflect the mosque's columns, which become illuminated at night. The unique lighting system was designed by lighting architects Speirs and Major Associates to reflect the phases of the moon. Beautiful bluish gray clouds are projected in lights onto the external walls and get brighter and darker according to the phase of the moon.

The 96 columns in the main prayer hall are clad with marble and inlaid with mother of pearl, one of the few places where one can see this craftsmanship.

The 99 names (qualities or attributes) of God (Allah) are featured on the Qibla wall in traditional Kufic calligraphy, designed by the prominent UAE calligrapher — Mohammed Mandi Al Tamimi. The Qibla wall also features subtle fibre-optic lighting, which is integrated as part of the organic design.

In total, three calligraphy styles — Naskhi, Thuluth and Kufic — are used throughout the mosque and were drafted by Mohammed Mandi Al Tamimi of the UAE, Farouk Haddad of Syria and Mohammed Allam of Jordan.[2]

Controversy

In 2013, US-based singer Rihanna received negative criticism for taking photographs, with the Mosque in the background, during a private visit. During the incident she was reported to have posed in a manner deemed offensive and provocative. Staff asked her to leave following the incident.[13]

  • Outer entrance of the Sheikh Zayed Mosque
  • Water mirror and columns
  • Inner courtyard with minaret
  • Interior of the main prayer hall in Sheikh Zayed Mosque

See also

References
  1. Al Qassemi, Sultan Sooud (2017-11-16). "Demystifying Sharjah's iconic King Faisal Mosque". Gulf News. Retrieved 2019-08-15.
  2. "Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque in Abu Dhabi". www.szgmc.ae.
  3. "Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque History". Abu Dhabi Government. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
  4. "Yousef Abdelky | ArchiTravel". www.architravel.com. Retrieved 2017-06-24.
  5. "Sheikh Zayed Mosque, Abu Dhabi". Wondermondo.
  6. The National staff (27 May 2017). "Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque ranked world's second favourite landmark | The National". Retrieved 28 May 2017.
  7. "Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque". Accsal. Retrieved 13 March 2019.
  8. "Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque Marbled architectural splendor". Besix. Retrieved 13 March 2019.
  9. "Infrastructure boost". Gulf Construction Online. 2004-08-01.
  10. "A look at the magnificent mosques of the UAE". Khaleej Times. 2015-07-01. Retrieved 2019-08-15.
  11. Kakande, Yasin (2011-08-11). "Sharjah's mosque where the faithful can listen and learn". Sharjah: The National. Retrieved 2019-08-15.
  12. "Iran weaves world's largest carpet". Web India 123. 2007-07-28.
  13. "Sheikh Zayed Mosque Rihanna Photo Shoot: Muslims React To Abu Dhabi Incident". The Huffington Post. 21 October 2013. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
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