Schizachyrium

Schizachyrium is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family.[4] The name is derived from the Ancient Greek words σχίζειν (schizein), meaning "to split," and ἄχυρον (achyron), meaning "chaff." It refers to either the glume or the toothed lemmas.[5][6][7]

Bluestems
Schizachyrium tenerum
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Subfamily: Panicoideae
Supertribe: Andropogonodae
Tribe: Andropogoneae
Subtribe: Andropogoninae
Genus: Schizachyrium
Nees[1]
Type species
Schizachyrium brevifolium
(Sw.) Nees ex Buse.
Synonyms[2][3]
  • Andropogon sect. Schizachyrium (Nees) Benth.
  • Andropogon subgen. Schizachyrium (Nees) Hack.
  • Schizopogon Rchb. ex Spreng.
  • Apogonia E.Fourn.
  • Ystia Compère

In the United States, members of the genus are commonly known as bluestems.[8]

Species

Species in the genus include:[2][9]

  • Schizachyrium beckii Killeen - Bolivia
  • Schizachyrium bemarivense A.Camus - Madagascar
  • Schizachyrium brevifolium (Sw.) Nees ex Buse – Serillo dulce - widespread in tropics
  • Schizachyrium cirratum (Hack.) Wooton & Standl. - USA (AZ NM TX), Mexico, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador
  • Schizachyrium claudopus (Chiov.) Chiov - Tanzania, Zaïre, Zambia
  • Schizachyrium condensatum (Kunth) Nees – Colombian bluestem - West Indies, Latin America from central Mexico to Uruguay
  • Schizachyrium crinizonatum S.T.Blake - Australia
  • Schizachyrium cubense (Hack.) Nash - Cuba
  • Schizachyrium delavayi (Hack.) Bor - China, Himalayas
  • Schizachyrium delicatum Stapf - tropical Africa
  • Schizachyrium djalonicum Jacq.-Fél. - Guinea to Sierra Leone
  • Schizachyrium dolosum S.T.Blake - Northern Territory, Queensland
  • Schizachyrium exile (Hochst.) Pilg. - tropical + southern Africa; Indian Subcontinent, Myanmar
  • Schizachyrium fragile (R.Br.) A.Camus - southern China, Vietnam, Java, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Micronesia
  • Schizachyrium gaumeri Nash - Yucatán Peninsula, Chiapas
  • Schizachyrium gracile (Spreng.) Nash - West Indies, Guatemala, Chiapas, Florida
  • Schizachyrium gracilipes (Hack.) A.Camus - southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, northeastern Argentina
  • Schizachyrium gresicola Jacq.-Fél - Ghana, Guinea, Mali, Nigeria
  • Schizachyrium hatschbachii Peichoto - Brazil, northern Argentina
  • Schizachyrium impressum (Hack.) A.Camus - Jammu & Kashmir
  • Schizachyrium jeffreysii (Hack.) Stapf - Angola, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Mozambique, Botswana, Namibia, Limpopo, Mpumalanga
  • Schizachyrium kwiluense Vanderyst ex Robyns - Zaïre, Congo Republic
  • Schizachyrium lomaense A.Camus - Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast
  • Schizachyrium lopollense (Rendle) Sales- Angola, Zambia, Mozambique
  • Schizachyrium maclaudii (Jacq.-Fél.) S.T.Blake - West Africa
  • Schizachyrium malacostachyum (J.Presl) Nash - Mesoamerica, Colombia, West Indies
  • Schizachyrium maritimum (Chapm.) Nash – Gulf bluestem - USA (LA MS AL FL)
  • Schizachyrium mexicanum (Hitchc.) A.Camus - Mexico
  • Schizachyrium mitchellianum B.K.Simon - Western Australia
  • Schizachyrium muelleri Nash - Veracruz
  • Schizachyrium mukuluense Vanderyst - Zaïre
  • Schizachyrium multinervosum Nash - Cuba
  • Schizachyrium niveum (Swallen) Gould – Pinescrub bluestem - Florida, Georgia
  • Schizachyrium nodulosum (Hack.) Stapf - western + central Africa
  • Schizachyrium occultum S.T.Blake - Northern Territory, Queensland
  • Schizachyrium pachyarthron C.A.Gardner - Australia
  • Schizachyrium parvifolium (Hitchc.) Borhidi & Catasús - Cuba
  • Schizachyrium penicillatum Jacq.-Fél - Burkina Faso, Guinea, Sierra Leone
  • Schizachyrium perplexum S.T.Blake - Northern Territory, Queensland
  • Schizachyrium platyphyllum (Franch.) Stapf - Africa, Madagascar
  • Schizachyrium pseudeulalia (Hosok.) S.T.Blake - Flores, Maluku, Sulawesi, Philippines, New Guinea, northern Australia, Caroline Is
  • Schizachyrium pulchellum (D.Don ex Benth.) Stapf - tropical Africa
  • Schizachyrium radicosum Jacq.-Fél - Guinea
  • Schizachyrium reedii (Hitchc. & Ekman) Borhidi & Catasús - Cuba
  • Schizachyrium rhizomatum (Swallen) Gould – Florida little bluestem - Florida
  • Schizachyrium ruderale Clayton - western Africa
  • Schizachyrium rupestre (K.Schum.) Stapf - tropical Africa, KwaZulu-Natal
  • Schizachyrium salzmannii (Trin. ex Steud.) Nash - Mexico, Honduras, Lesser Antilles, South America
  • Schizachyrium sanguineum (Retz.) Alston – Crimson bluestem - tropical Africa, tropical Asia, New Guinea, Latin America, West Indies, USA (AZ NM TX FL GA AL)
  • Schizachyrium scabriflorum (Rupr. ex Hack.) A.Camus - Bolivia, Paraguay, northern Argentina, southern Brazil
  • Schizachyrium schweinfurthii (Hack.) Stapf - tropical Africa
  • Schizachyrium scintillans Stapf - tropical Africa
  • Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash – Little bluestem - widespread in Canada + USA + Mexico
  • Schizachyrium semitectum (Swallen) Reeder - Mexico, Guatemala
  • Schizachyrium spicatum (Spreng.) Herter - Uruguay, Paraguay, northern Argentina, southern Brazil
  • Schizachyrium stoloniferum Nash - USA (MS AL GA FL NC SC)
  • Schizachyrium sulcatum (Ekman) S.T.Blake - Colombia, Bolivia, western Brazil
  • Schizachyrium tenerum Nees – Slender bluestem - USA (OK TX LA MS AL FL GA NC)
  • Schizachyrium thollonii (Franch.) Stapf - tropical Africa
  • Schizachyrium urceolatum (Hack.) Stapf - tropical Africa
  • Schizachyrium yangambiense Germ. - Zaïre

Some species formerly included in Schizachyrum are now considered better suited to other genera: Andropogon, Dichanthium, Rottboellia, Sehima, Sphaerocaryum.[2]

References
  1. "Schizachyrium". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2011-09-25.
  2. "Schizachyrium". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  3. "Schizachyrium". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  4. von Esenbeck, Nees; Daniel, Christian Gottfried (1829). "Flora Brasiliensis seu Enumeratio Plantarum" (in Latin). 2 (1): 331–339. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. Quattrocchi, Umberto (2006). CRC World Dictionary of Grasses. Volume III P-Z. CRC Press. p. 1977. ISBN 978-0-8493-1303-5.
  6. Chen, Shou-liang; Phillips, Sylvia M. "Schizachyrium". Flora of China. 22 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  7. Cope, Thomas A. "Schizachyrium". Flora of Pakistan – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  8. "Schizachyrium". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2011-09-25.
  9. "Schizachyrium". County-level distribution maps from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.

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