Samuel B. Maxey

Samuel Bell Maxey (March 30, 1825 – August 16, 1895) was an American soldier, lawyer, and politician from Paris, Texas. He was a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War and later represented Texas in the U.S. Senate.

Samuel Bell Maxey
United States Senator from Texas
In office March 4, 1875 – March 3, 1887
Preceded by	James W. Flanagan
Succeeded by	John H. Reagan
Member of the Texas Senate from District 9
In office 1861
Preceded by	Jesse H. Parsons
Succeeded by	Rice Maxey
Personal details
Born	March 30, 1825 Tompkinsville, Kentucky
Died	August 16, 1895 (aged 70) Eureka Springs, Arkansas
Political party	Democratic
Military service
Allegiance	United States of America  Confederate States of America
Branch/service	United States Army  Confederate States Army
Years of service	1846–1849 (USA) 1861–1865 (CSA)
Rank	Brevet First Lieutenant (USA) Major General (CSA)
Battles/wars	Mexican–American War American Civil War

Early life

Samuel was born in Tompkinsville, Kentucky on March 30, 1825.[1][2] His parents were Rice and Lucy (Bell) Maxey. His father was a lawyer, and in 1834 he moved the family to Albany, Kentucky to take a position as the County Clerk for Clinton County, Kentucky. In 1842 young Maxey got an appointment to the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York.

Although he consistently ranked near the bottom of his class, Maxey did graduate in 1846[1] and was commissioned a Brevet second lieutenant. He was assigned to the 7th Infantry Regiment, which was engaged in the Mexican–American War. Maxey joined the regiment in Monterrey, Mexico. Maxey was cited for gallantry and brevetted first lieutenant for his actions in the battles of Cerro Gordo and Contreras in the summer of 1847. He also participated in the battles of Churubusco and Molino del Rey. He received a brevet promotion and was placed in command of a police company in Mexico City.

In June 1848 Maxey was transferred to Jefferson Barracks in Missouri, and the following year he resigned from the army.[3] He returned to Albany, read law with his father Rice Maxey and they began a joint practice when Samuel was admitted to the Bar in 1851. He married Marilda Cass Denton on June 19, 1853. Then in October 1857 father and son moved their families to a small farm they purchased just south of Paris, Texas. They resumed a joint law practice here as well.[1]

Civil War

Samuel was elected the district attorney for Lamar County, Texas in 1858 and was a delegate to the state's Secession Convention in 1861. That same year he was elected to the state Senate, but never served, preferring military duty. His father, Rice Maxey, was elected to replace him. Samuel had been given authority by the Confederate government in September to raise a regiment as its colonel.

In December, Colonel Maxey led his 1,120-man Ninth Texas Regiment from Bonham, Texas to join General Johnston at Memphis, Tennessee. However he was soon separated from his regiment and set to building bridges near Chattanooga, Tennessee. On March 7, 1862 Maxey was promoted to brigadier general to rank from May 4.[1][3] The regiment was badly mauled at the Battle of Shiloh, but he was not present. In fact he saw very little action during this period. He did see action at the Siege of Port Hudson in 1863.[1]

In December 1863, General Maxey was assigned as commander of the Indian Territory.[1][3] His early success in conducting raids and capturing supplies prevented a Union Army invasion of Texas. He was assigned to duty as a major general by General Edmund Kirby Smith, but this appointment was never approved for this rank by Confederate President Jefferson Davis nor confirmed by the Confederate Senate.[1] In 1865 he was ordered to Houston, Texas, to take command of a Division. He turned over command of the Indian Territory to Brigadier General Stand Watie, a Cherokee, on February 21, 1865, and proceeded to Houston, Texas.

Maxey's new command was plagued by desertions and his inability to get supplies and equipment. Frustrated and discouraged, he was allowed to resign on May 22, 1865. He returned home to Paris, and formally surrendered in July to Union Major General Edward Canby (E.R.S. Canby). Although nominally a prisoner of war, he remained at home on parole.

Later political career

Sam Bell Maxey House in Paris, Texas

As a senior officer of the Confederacy, Maxey was not eligible to hold political office or even practice law. In October 1865 he began his appeal for a presidential pardon. He was finally successful when President Andrew Johnson pardoned him on July 20, 1867, after a personal appeal from Maxey's former West Point classmate Ulysses S. Grant. He resumed the practice of law in Paris.

In 1872 he ran for the U.S. Congress, but lost in the Democratic Party Primary to William P. McLean. In 1873, Governor Edmund J. Davis offered Maxey an appointment to the Texas District Court, but he declined due to prior involvement as a lawyer with cases before the court.[1]

In January 1875, the Texas Legislature elected him to the United States Senate where he served two terms, from March 4, 1875 until March 3, 1887. He improved postal and rail service in Texas and argued against increased tariffs. He took little interest in larger national or party affairs. The legislature named the more dynamic John H. Reagan to replace him.

Maxey returned to the practice of law in Paris, this time with his wife's nephew Benjamin Denton and Henry William Lightfoot. The latter of the two later married Maxey's adopted daughter Dora Maxey. When his nephew, Sam Bell Maxey Long, joined the firm in 1892 he finally retired. He died on August 16, 1895 at Eureka Springs, Arkansas,[1] where he had gone for treatment of an intestinal problem. Samuel and Marilda are buried in the Evergreen Cemetery in Paris. The townhouse that he built there in 1867 is now a state historical site on South Church Street and is open to visitors.

See also

• List of American Civil War generals (Confederate)

Notes

1. Warner, Ezra J. Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959. ISBN 978-0-8071-0823-9. p. 216.
2. Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. ISBN 978-0-8047-3641-1. p. 368.
3. Sifakis, Stewart. Who Was Who in the Civil War. New York: Facts On File, 1988. ISBN 978-0-8160-1055-4. p. 438.

References

• Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. ISBN 978-0-8047-3641-1.
• Sifakis, Stewart. Who Was Who in the Civil War. New York: Facts On File, 1988. ISBN 978-0-8160-1055-4.
• Warner, Ezra J. Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959. ISBN 978-0-8071-0823-9.

Further reading

• Louise Horton: Samuel Bell Maxey: A biography; 1974, University of Texas Press, ISBN 0-292-77509-1.
• John Waugh: Sam Bell Maxey and the Confederate Indians; 1995 paperback, McWhiney Press, ISBN 1-886661-03-0.

External links

• United States Congress. "Samuel B. Maxey (id: M000265)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved on 2008-02-13
• Samuel Bell Maxey from the Handbook of Texas Online
• Entry for Samuel Bell Maxey from the Biographical Encyclopedia of Texas published 1880, hosted by the Portal to Texas History.
• Maxey House overview from the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department