Roy Thomas

Roy William Thomas Jr.[1] (born November 22, 1940)[2] is an American comic book writer and editor, who was Stan Lee's first successor as editor-in-chief of Marvel Comics. He is possibly best known for introducing the pulp magazine hero Conan the Barbarian to American comics, with a series that added to the storyline of Robert E. Howard's character and helped launch a sword and sorcery trend in comics. Thomas is also known for his championing of Golden Age comic-book heroes – particularly the 1940s superhero team the Justice Society of America – and for lengthy writing stints on Marvel's X-Men and The Avengers, and DC Comics' All-Star Squadron, among other titles.

For other people named Roy Thomas, see Roy Thomas (disambiguation).

Roy Thomas
Thomas at the Big Apple Con,
November 14, 2008
BornRoy William Thomas Jr.
(1940-11-22) November 22, 1940
Jackson, Missouri, United States
NationalityAmerican
Area(s)Writer, Editor
Notable works
The Avengers
Alter Ego
Conan the Barbarian
The Defenders
Invaders
Uncanny X-Men
Thor
Iron Fist
All-Star Squadron
Arak, Son of Thunder
Infinity, Inc.
Secret Origins
Young All-Stars
AwardsAlley Award, 1969
Shazam Award, 1971, 1973, 1974

Among the comics characters he co-created are Wolverine, Vision, Doc Samson, Carol Danvers, Luke Cage, Iron Fist, Ultron, Yellowjacket, Defenders, Man-Thing, Red Sonja, Adam Warlock, Morbius, Ghost Rider, Squadron Supreme, Invaders, Black Knight (Dane Whitman), Nighthawk, Havok, Banshee, Sunfire, Thundra, Arkon, Killraven, Wendell Vaughn, Red Wolf, Red Guardian, Daimon Hellstrom, Brother Voodoo and Valkyrie.

Thomas was inducted into the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 2011.

Early life

Thomas was born in Jackson, Missouri, United States.[3] As a child, he was a devoted comic book fan, and in grade school he wrote and drew his own comics for distribution to friends and family. The first of these was All-Giant Comics, which he recalls as having featured such characters as Elephant Giant.[3][4] He was enrolled at a parochial Lutheran school[5] and attended St. Paul Lutheran Church in Jackson.[6] As an adult, Thomas is "not religious"[5] and has been described as a "lapsed Lutheran".[7][8] He graduated from Southeast Missouri State University in 1961 with a BS in Education,[1] having majored in history and social science.

Thomas became an early and active member of Silver Age comic book fandom when it organized in the early 1960s – primarily around Jerry Bails, whose enthusiasm for the rebirth of superhero comics during that period led Bails to found the fanzine Alter Ego, an early focal point of fandom. Thomas, then a high school English teacher, took over as editor in 1964 when Bails moved on to other pursuits. Letters from him appeared regularly in the letters pages of both DC and Marvel Comics, including Green Lantern #1 (August 1960), The Flash #116 (Nov. 1960), Fantastic Four #5 (July 1962), Fantastic Four #15 (June 1963), and Fantastic Four #22 (Jan. 1964).

Career

Marvel Comics

In 1965, Thomas moved to New York City to take a job at DC Comics as assistant to Mort Weisinger, then the editor of the Superman titles. Thomas said he had just accepted a fellowship to study foreign relations at George Washington University when he received a letter from Weisinger, "with whom I had exchanged one or two letters, tops", asking Thomas to become "his assistant editor on a several-week trial basis."[9] Thomas had already written a Jimmy Olsen script "a few months before, while still living and teaching in the St. Louis area," he said in 2005. "I worked at DC for eight days in late June and very early July of 1965"[10] before accepting a job at Marvel Comics. The Marvel "Bullpen Bulletins" in Fantastic Four #61 (April 1967) describes Thomas "admitting that he gave up a scholarship to George Washington University just to write for Marvel!"

This came after his chafing under the notoriously difficult Weisinger, to a point, Thomas said in 1981, that he would go "home to my dingy little room at, coincidentally, the George Washington Hotel in Manhattan, during that second week, and actually feeling tears well into my eyes, at the ripe old age of 24."[9] Familiar with editor and chief writer Stan Lee's Marvel work, and feeling them "the most vital comics around",[9] Thomas "just sat down one night at the hotel and – I wrote him a letter! Not applying for a job or anything so mundane as that – I just said that I admired his work, and would like to buy him a drink some time. I figured he just might remember me from Alter Ego."[9] Lee did, and phoned Thomas to offer him a Marvel writing test.

The writer's test, Thomas said in 1998, "was four Jack Kirby pages from Fantastic Four Annual #2 ... [Stan Lee] had Sol [Brodsky] or someone take out the dialogue. It was just black-and-white. Other people like Denny O'Neil and Gary Friedrich took it. But soon afterwards we stopped using it."[11] The day after taking the test, Thomas was at DC, proofreading a Supergirl story, when Steinberg called asking Thomas to meet with Lee during lunch, where Thomas agreed to work for Marvel.[12] He returned to DC to give "indefinite notice" to Weisinger, but Weisinger ordered him to leave immediately and "I was back at Marvel less than an hour after I first left, and had a Modeling with Millie assignment to do over the weekend. It was a Friday."[12] His employment was announced in the "Bullpen Bulletins" section of Fantastic Four #47 (Feb. 1966) under the heading "How About That! Department" ("Roy's a fan who's made it!"). Thomas later described his early days at Marvel:

I was hired after taking [the] 'writer's test', and my first official job title at Marvel was 'staff writer'. I wasn't hired as an editor or assistant editor. I was supposed to come in 40 hours a week and write scripts on staff. ... I sat at this corrugated metal desk with a typewriter in a small office with production manager Sol Brodsky and corresponding secretary Flo Steinberg. Everybody who came up to Marvel wound up there, and the phone was constantly ringing, with conversations going on all around me. ... Almost at once, even though Stan proofed all the finished stories, he and Sol started having me check the corrections before they went out, and that would break up my concentration still further. ... [and] they kept asking me to do this or that, or questions like in which issue something happened, or Stan would come in to check something, because I knew a lot about Marvel continuity up to that time. ... It quickly became apparent to them, too, that the staff writer thing wasn't working, and Stan segued me over to being an editorial assistant, which immediately worked out better for all concerned.[13]

To that point, editor-in-chief Lee had been the main writer of Marvel publications, with his brother, Larry Lieber, often picking up the slack scripting Lee-plotted stories. Thomas soon became the first new Marvel writer to sustain a presence, at a time when comics veterans such as Robert Bernstein, Ernie Hart, Leon Lazarus, and Don Rico, and fellow newcomers Steve Skeates (hired a couple of weeks earlier) and O'Neil (brought in at Thomas' recommendation a few months later) did not. His Marvel debut was the romance-comics story "Whom Can I Turn To?" in the Millie the Model spin-off Modeling with Millie #44 (Dec. 1965) – for which the credits and the logo were inadvertently left off due to a production glitch, resulting in this being left off most credit lists.[14][15] Thomas' first Marvel superhero scripting was "My Life for Yours", the "Iron Man" feature in Tales of Suspense #73 (Jan. 1966), working from a Lee plot as well as a plot assist from secretary Steinberg. Thomas estimates that Lee rewrote approximately half of that fledgling attempt.

Thomas' earliest Marvel work also included the teen-romance title Patsy and Hedy #104–105 (Feb.-April 1966), and two "Doctor Strange" stories, plotted by Lee and Steve Ditko, in Strange Tales #143–144 (April–May 1966). Two previously written freelance stories for Charlton Comics also saw print: "The Second Trojan War" in Son of Vulcan #50 (Jan. 1966) and "The Eye of Horus" in Blue Beetle #54 (March 1966).[16] "When Stan saw the couple of Charlton stories I'd written earlier in more of a Gardner Fox style, he wasn't too impressed," Thomas recalled. "It's probably a good thing I already had my job at Marvel at that point! I think I was the right person in the right place at the right time, but there are other people who, had they been there, might have been just as right."[17]

Thomas took on what would be his first long-term Marvel title, the World War II series Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos, starting with #29 (April 1966) and continuing through #41 (April 1967) and the series' 1966 annual, Sgt. Fury Special #2. He also began writing the mutant-superteam title [Uncanny] X-Men from #20–43 (May 1966 – April 1968), and, finally, took over The Avengers, starting with #35 (Dec. 1966), and continuing until 1972. That notable run was marked by a strong sense of continuity, and stories that ranged from the personal to the cosmic – the latter most prominently with the "Kree-Skrull War" in issues #89–97 (June 1971 – March 1972). Additional work included an occasional "Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D" and "Doctor Strange" story in Strange Tales. When that title became the solo comic Doctor Strange, he wrote the entire run of new stories, from #169–183 (June 1968 – Nov. 1969), mostly with the art team of penciler Gene Colan and inker Tom Palmer.[16]

As Thomas self-evaluated in a 1981 interview, shortly after leaving Marvel for rival DC Comics, "One of the reasons Stan liked my writing ... was that after a few issues he felt he could trust me enough that he virtually never again read anything I wrote – well, at least not more than a page or two in a row, just to keep me honest."[18]

Thomas eloped in July 1968 to marry his first wife, Jean Maxey,[19] returning to work a day late from a weekend comic-book convention in St. Louis, Missouri. Thomas said in 2000 that Brodsky, in the interim, had assigned Doctor Strange to the writer Archie Goodwin, newly ensconced at Marvel and writing Iron Man, but Thomas convinced Brodsky to return it to him. "I got very possessive about Doctor Strange," Thomas recalled. "It wasn't a huge seller, but [by the time it was canceled], we were selling in the low 40 percent range of more than 400,000 print run, so it was actually selling a couple hundred thousand copies [but] at the time you needed to sell even more."[20] He eventually did have a Caribbean honeymoon, where he scripted the wedding of Hank Pym and Janet van Dyne in The Avengers #60 (Jan.1969).[21] Thomas, who had turned over X-Men to other writers, returned with issue #55 (April 1969) when the series was on the verge of cancellation.[22] While efforts to save it failed – the title ended its initial run with #66 – Thomas' collaboration with artist Neal Adams through #63 (Dec. 1969)[23] is regarded as a Silver Age creative highlight.[24] Thomas won the 1969 Alley Award that year for Best Writer, while Adams and inker Tom Palmer, netted 1969 Alley Awards for Best Pencil Artist and Best Inking Artist, respectively.

The Avengers #57 (Oct. 1968), debut of the Silver Age Vision, created by Thomas as a homage to the Golden Age original. Cover art by John Buscema.

Thomas and artist Barry Smith launched Conan the Barbarian in October 1970,[25] based on Robert E. Howard's 1930s pulp-fiction sword-and-sorcery character. Thomas, who stepped down from his editorship in August 1974, wrote hundreds of Conan stories in a host of Marvel comics and the black-and-white magazines Savage Tales and The Savage Sword of Conan.[16] During that time, he and Smith also brought to comics Howard's little-known, sword-wielding woman-warrior Red Sonja, initially as a Conan supporting character. Comics historian Les Daniels noted that, "Conan the Barbarian was something of a gamble for Marvel. The series contained the usual elements of action and fantasy, to be sure, but it was set in a past that had no relation to the Marvel Universe, and it featured a hero who possessed no magical powers, little humor and comparatively few moral principles."[26]

In 1971, with Stan Lee and Gerry Conway, Thomas created Man-Thing and wrote the first Man-Thing story in color comics, after Conway and Len Wein had introduced the character in the black-and-white comics magazine Savage Tales.[16] Later that year, Thomas wrote the "Kree-Skrull War" storyline across multiple issues of The Avengers penciled variously by Sal Buscema, Neal Adams, and John Buscema.[27][28][29] Thomas was the first person other than Stan Lee to receive a writer's credit for The Amazing Spider-Man,[30] and he and artist Ross Andru launched the Spider-Man spin-off title Marvel Team-Up in March 1972.[31]

Thomas and Marvel artists co-created many other characters, among them Wolverine,[32] Ultron (including the fictional metal adamantium),[33][34] Carol Danvers,[35] Morbius the Living Vampire,[30] Luke Cage,[36] Iron Fist,[37] Ghost Rider,[38] Doc Samson, Valkyrie, Brother Voodoo, Werewolf by Night,[39] Banshee and Killraven.[40] Thomas also co-created several characters based on already existing characters, including the Vision,[41] Yellowjacket,[42] the Black Knight,[43] and Adam Warlock.[44]

Editor-in-chief

In 1972, when Lee became Marvel's publisher, Thomas succeeded him as editor-in-chief. Thomas also continued to script mainstream titles, including Marvel's flagship, Fantastic Four.[45] He launched such new titles as the "non-team" The Defenders,[46][47] as well as What If, a title that explored fictional alternate histories of Marvel's existing characters and stories. In addition, he indulged his love of Golden Age comic-book heroes in the World War II-set superhero series The Invaders.[16][48] He was instrumental in engineering Marvel's comic-book adaptation of the 1977 film Star Wars, without which, 1980s Marvel editor Jim Shooter believed, "[W]e would have gone out of business".[49] In 1975, Thomas wrote the first joint publishing venture between Marvel and DC Comics – a 72-page Wizard of Oz movie adaptation in an oversized "Treasury Edition" format with art by John Buscema.[16][50] He and Buscema crafted a comics adaptation of Tarzan for Marvel in June 1977.[51]

DC Comics

In 1981, after several years of freelancing for Marvel and a dispute with then editor-in-chief Jim Shooter, Thomas signed a three-year exclusive writing/editing contract with DC. He marked his return to that company with a two-part Green Lantern story in Green Lantern #138–139 (March–April 1981), and briefly wrote Batman,[52][53] DC Comics Presents, and the Legion of Super-Heroes.[16] DC gave Thomas' work a promotional push by featuring several of his series in free, 16-page insert previews.[54][55][56][57]

Thomas married his second wife, Danette Couto, in May 1981.[58] Danette legally changed her first name to Dann[59] and would become Thomas' regular writing partner. He credits her with the original idea for the Arak, Son of Thunder series drawn by Ernie Colón.[60] Writer Gerry Conway would also be a frequent collaborator with Thomas; together they wrote a two-part Superman-Shazam team-up in DC Comics Presents; a series of Atari Force and Swordquest mini-comics packaged with Atari 2600 video games; and three Justice League-Justice Society crossovers.[16][61][62] Conway also contributed ideas to the funny animal comic Captain Carrot and His Amazing Zoo Crew!, created by Thomas and Scott Shaw.[16][63] Thomas and Conway were to be the co-writers of the JLA/Avengers intercompany crossover[64] but editorial disputes between DC and Marvel caused the project's cancellation.[65] During that era, Roy Thomas and Gerry Conway collaborated on the screenplays for two movies: the animated feature Fire and Ice (1983) and Conan the Destroyer (1984).[66] The duo also worked on a live-action X-Men film for production company Nelvana that never went into production.[67]

As a solo writer, Roy Thomas wrote Wonder Woman and, with artist Gene Colan, updated the character's costume and introduced a new supervillainess, the Silver Swan.[16] His final work on the series, issue #300 (Feb. 1983), was co-written with his wife Dann Thomas,[68] who, as Roy Thomas noted in 1999 "became the first woman ever to receive scripting credit on the world's foremost super-heroine."[59]

Thomas realized a childhood dream in writing the Justice Society of America (JSA). Reviving the Golden Age group in Justice League of America #193 and continuing in All-Star Squadron,[69] he wrote retro adventures, like those of The Invaders, set in World War II. In addition to the JSA's high-profile heroes, Thomas revived such characters as Liberty Belle, Johnny Quick, the Shining Knight, Robotman, Firebrand, the Tarantula, and Neptune Perkins.[16] He used the series to address the complicated and sometimes contradictory continuity issues surrounding the JSA.[70]

In 1983, Thomas and artist Jerry Ordway created Infinity, Inc., a group composed of the JSA's children. The characters debuted in All-Star Squadron #25 (Sept. 1983)[71] and were launched in their own series in March 1984.[72] Thomas wrote several limited series for DC including America vs. the Justice Society,[73] Jonni Thunder a.k.a. Thunderbolt, Shazam!: The New Beginning, and Crimson Avenger as well as two issues of DC Challenge.[74] From 1986 to 1988, Thomas contributed to the Secret Origins series[75] and wrote most of the stories involving the Golden Age characters including Superman and Batman.[76][77] In 1986, DC decided to write off the JSA from active continuity. A one-shot issue titled The Last Days of the Justice Society involved most of the JSA battling the forces of evil while merged with the Norse gods in an ever-repeating Ragnarok-like Limbo was written by Thomas, with art by David Ross.[78] Young All-Stars replaced All-Star Squadron following the changes to DC's continuity brought about by the Crisis on Infinite Earths limited series. Thomas' last major project for DC was an adaptation of Richard Wagner's Ring cycle drawn by Gil Kane and published in 1989–1990. Since then, Thomas has written a trio of Elseworlds one-shots combining DC characters with classic cinema and literature: Superman's Metropolis (1996), Superman: War of the Worlds (1998), and JLA: The Island of Dr. Moreau (2002).[16]

Return to Marvel and other comic work

In 1984, Thomas sent Jim Shooter a letter in which he hoped ...

... to let bygones be bygones, and if possible, to avoid adverse comment on Marvel and its policies. I've even long regretted the fact that your elevation to the position of editor-in-chief, in which you've obviously done a fine job, came at a time after I'd moved to the West Coast. Perhaps if we'd had more personal communication from 1977 to 1980, we could have come to some sort of agreement at that time or at least parted under more amicable circumstances. I leave it to you to decide if we should ever make any attempt to rectify that situation; certainly I've never been a grudge-carrier in other cases. ...[79]

By 1986, Thomas wrote for Marvel's New Universe line, beginning with Spitfire and the Troubleshooters #5 (Feb. 1987), followed by a multi-issue run of Nightmask, co-scripted by his wife Dann Thomas. He scripted titles starring Doctor Strange, Thor, the Avengers West Coast, and Conan, often co-scripting with Dann Thomas or Jean-Marc Lofficier.[16]

Over the next ten years Thomas did less work for the mainstream comics press. For a series of independent publishers, he wrote issues of the TV-series tie-ins Xena: Warrior Princess, Hercules: The Legendary Journeys and The X-Files for Topps Comics.[16] He also wrote for television, and relaunched Alter Ego as a formal magazine published by TwoMorrows Publishing in 1999. In 2005, he earned a master's degree in Humanities from California State University.[1]

Thomas in May 2019

With Marvel's four-issue miniseries Stoker's Dracula (Oct. 2004 – May 2005), Thomas and artist Dick Giordano completed an adaptation of Bram Stoker's novel Dracula, which the duo had begun 30 years earlier in 10- to 12-page installments, beginning with Marvel's black-and-white horror-comics magazine Dracula Lives! #5 (March 1974). They had completed 76 pages, comprising roughly one-third of the novel, through issues #6–8 and 10–11 and Marvel Preview #8 ("The Legion of Monsters"),[16] before Marvel canceled Dracula Lives and later many of its other black-and-whites.[80]

Anthem, a comic book series by Thomas and artists Daniel Acuña, Jorge Santamaria Garcia and Benito Gallego, about World War II superheroes in an alternate reality, was published by Heroic Publishing in January 2006. Thomas returned to Red Sonja in 2006, writing the one-shot Red Sonja: Monster Isle for Dynamite Entertainment. In 2007 Thomas wrote a Black Knight story for Marvel's four-issue miniseries Mystic Arcana.[16][81]

From 2007 to 2010, Thomas wrote adaptations of classic literature for the Marvel imprint Marvel Illustrated, including The Last of the Mohicans (2007), The Man in the Iron Mask (2007–2008), Treasure Island (2007–2008), The Iliad (2008), Moby-Dick (2008), The Picture of Dorian Gray (2008), The Three Musketeers (2008–2009), and Kidnapped (2009). In 2010, Marvel Illustrated released a collection of all the Dracula material adapted by Thomas and Giordano, originally published in the 1970s and mid-2000s.

Later career

In 2011, Roy Thomas wrote the one-shot DC Retroactive: Wonder Woman - The '80s with art by Rich Buckler. In 2012, Thomas teamed with artists Mike Hawthorne and Dan Panosian on Dark Horse's Conan: The Road of Kings, which lasted 12 issues. In 2014, he wrote 75 Years of Marvel: From the Golden Age to the Silver Screen for Taschen, a 700-page hardcover history of Marvel Comics.[82][83] The following year, he compiled three volumes of World War II-era comics stories featuring Batman, Superman, and Wonder Woman for Chartwell Books.[84]

Thomas had a cameo appearance as a prison inmate on the third season of Marvel's Daredevil, released in October 2018 on Netflix, and wrote a blog entry about this experience.[85]

On November 10, 2018, Thomas visited Stan Lee at Lee's home in Beverly Hills to discuss Thomas' book The Stan Lee Story. Lee told Thomas' manager, John Cimino, "Take care of my boy Roy" before Lee and Thomas were photographed together. Lee died less than 48 hours later.[36]

On February 23, 2019, Jackson, Missouri, declared Roy Thomas Day. In a ceremony, he was awarded the key to the city.[86]

On March 23, 2019, the final Amazing Spider-Man newspaper comic strip was published. Thomas had been the ghost writer for Stan Lee on the strip since 2000.[87]

Thomas made a return to Marvel Comics in 2019 with the release of the Captain America and The Invaders: Bahamas Triangle one-shot drawn by Jerry Ordway[88] and a two-part Savage Sword of Conan story with artist Alan Davis. In 2020, Thomas wrote a 10-page story in the Marvel one-shot King-Size Conan #1.[89]

Thomas serves on the Disbursement Committee of the comic-book industry charity The Hero Initiative.[90]

Awards

Bibliography

Charlton Comics

Cross Plains Comics

Dark Horse Comics

DC Comics

Don Lawrence Collection
  • Storm: De Kronieken van Roodhaar #1 (2014)

Dynamite Entertainment
  • Red Sonja #100, #1973, Giant Size #1 (2007, 2013)
  • Red Sonja: Ballad of the Red Goddess OGN (2019)
  • Red Sonja Holiday Special oneshot (2018)
  • Red Sonja: Monster Isle oneshot (2006)

First Comics
See also: Elric of Melniboné § Comics
  • Alter Ego #1–4 (not to be confused with the magazine of the same name) (1986)
  • Elric: Sailor on the Seas of Fate #1-7 (1985-1986)
  • Elric: The Bane of the Black Sword #1-6 (1988-1989)
  • Elric: The Vanishing Tower #1-6 (1989-1988)
  • Elric: The Weird of the White Wolf #1-5 (1986-1987)

Heroic Publishing
  • Captain Thunder and Blue Bolt #1-10 (1987-1988)
  • Heroic Spotlight #10-12, 15-16 (2013-2014)
  • Liberty Comics #6 (2012)
  • Roy Thomas' Anthem #1-5 (2006-2009)

Millenium Publications
  • H. P. Lovecraft's Cthulhu: The Festival #1-3 (1993-1994)

Marvel Comics/DC Comics

Topps Comics

TSR, Inc.
  • Warhawks #1-3 (1990)

References
  1. "Roy Thomas Checklist" Alter Ego vol. 3, #50 (July 2005) p. 16
  2. Comics Buyer's Guide #1636 (December 2007) p. 135
  3. Thomas in Currie, Dave. "Roy Thomas". Comic Creators in Conversation. Archived from the original on January 23, 2015. Retrieved January 22, 2015.
  4. The Avengers Annual #1 (1967), biographical text page
  5. Cooke, Jon B. (May 2001). "Son of Stan: Roy's Years of Horror: Marvel's Editor-in-Chief discusses the '70s macabre mags". Comic Book Artist. Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publications (13): 20. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. I went to a parochial Lutheran school, but I'm not religious
  6. Jordan, Carla (January 2020). "'Welcome Home, Roy Thomas!' A Remembrance of the "February Annual' Event in Jackson, Missouri, 2019". Alter Ego. Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publications. 3 (162): 40. It was held at the St. Paul Lutheran Fellowship Hall...on the grounds of the church Roy attended while living in Jackson.
  7. Thomas, Roy (2011). "Roy Thomas Talks About the 1980s at DC". Alter Ego: Centennial. Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publications. p. 16. ISBN 978-1605490311. I'm a lapsed Lutheran myself.
  8. Lund, Martin (2018). Re-Constructing the Man of Steel: Superman 1938–1941, Jewish American History, and the Invention of the Jewish–Comics Connection. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 47. ISBN 978-3319827056.
  9. "Interview with Roy Thomas". The Comics Journal (61): 79. Winter 1981.
  10. Roy Thomas interview (July 2005). "'Roy the Boy' in the Marvel Age of Comics". Alter Ego. 3 (50). p. 4.
  11. "Stan the Man & Roy the Boy: A Conversation Between Stan Lee and Roy Thomas". Comic Book Artist (2). Summer 1998. Archived from the original on February 18, 2009.
  12. Thomas, The Comics Journal #61, p. 80
  13. " 'Roy the Boy' in the Marvel Age of Comics", pp. 4–5
  14. Alter Ego vol. 3, #50, p. 8
  15. DeFalco, Tom; Gilbert, Laura, ed. (2008). "1960s". Marvel Chronicle A Year by Year History. London, United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. p. 111. ISBN 978-0756641238.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  16. Roy Thomas at the Grand Comics Database
  17. Alter Ego vol. 3, #50, pp. 9–10
  18. Thomas, The Comics Journal #61, p. 78
  19. Alter Ego vol. 3, #50, p. 37
  20. Thomas (interviewer) in "So You Want a Job, Eh? The Gene Colan Interview", Alter Ego vol. 3, #6 (Autumn 2000) pp. 13–14
  21. "Bullpen Bulletins" page, "Brilliant Bits of Block-Busting Bombast Straight from your Blushin' Bullpen!" in Marvel Comics cover-dated March 1969, including The Incredible Hulk vol. 2, #113
  22. Stiles, Steve. "The Groundbreaking Neal Adams". SteveStiles.com (official site). Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Additional .
  23. Schumer, Arlen (Winter 1999). "Neal Adams: The Marvel Years". Comic Book Artist. Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing (3). Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved May 12, 2013.
  24. For example: Hill, Shawn, "Essential Avengers v4" (review), Comics Bulletin, February 15, 2006, re: the "Kree-Skrull War" arc: "This story set the standard for years to come, even if it has since been surpassed" (WebCitation archive); and Sanderson, Peter. Marvel Universe (Harry N. Abrams, 1998) ISBN 0-8109-8171-8, ISBN 978-0-8109-8171-3, p. 127: "Running nine issues, much of it spectacularly illustrated by Neal Adams, the Kree-Skrull War had no precedent in comics. ... With this story The Avengers unquestionably established its reputation as one of Marvel's leading books"; and Stiles, re: X-Men: "Even knowing that the book was slated for the axe, Adams poured out some of the finest, most innovative work of his career".
  25. Sanderson, Peter "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 146: ""Writer Roy Thomas and British artist Barry Smith (later known as Barry Windsor-Smith) launched Marvel's sword-and-sorcery comics with Conan the Barbarian, in a series that ran for 275 issues."
  26. Daniels, Les (1991). Marvel: Five Fabulous Decades of the World's Greatest Comics. New York, New York: Harry N. Abrams. p. 148. ISBN 9780810938212.
  27. Thomas, Roy; Buscema, Sal; Adams, Neal; Buscema, John (2000). Avengers: The Kree-Skrull War. Marvel Comics. p. 208. ISBN 978-0785107453.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  28. Daniels p. 150: "This wild tale ... attempted to tie together more than thirty years of the company's stories ... More than any previous work, 'The Kree-Skrull War' solidified the idea that every comic book Marvel had ever published was part of an endless, ongoing saga."
  29. Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 150: "Unprecedented in Marvel history, this epic spanned nine issues of The Avengers. The saga began in The Avengers #89."
  30. Manning, Matthew K.; Gilbert, Laura, ed. (2012). "1970s". Spider-Man Chronicle Celebrating 50 Years of Web-Slinging. London, United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. p. 59. ISBN 978-0756692360. In the first issue of The Amazing Spider-Man to be written by someone other than Stan Lee ... Thomas also managed to introduce a major new player to Spidey's life – the scientifically created vampire known as Morbius.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  31. Manning "1970s" in Gilbert (2012), p. 60: "Spider-Man was a proven hit, so Marvel decided to expand the wall-crawler's horizons with a new Spider-Man title ... Its first issue featured Spidey teaming up with the Human Torch against the Sandman in a Christmas tale written by Roy Thomas with art by Ross Andru."
  32. Hartwig, Joshua (September 29, 2018). "DC, Marvel Comics writer Roy Thomas returns to hometown". Southeast Missourian. Cape Girardeau, Missouri.
  33. DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 131: "A precursor of the unstoppable robot in the Terminator films, Ultron sprang from the minds of writer Roy Thomas and artist John Buscema."
  34. Walker, Karen (February 2010). "Ultron: The Black Sheep of the Avengers Family". Back Issue!. Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing (38): 23–30.
  35. Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 178: "Danvers first appeared in March 1968, as a NASA security chief in the Captain Mar-Vell story in Marvel Super-Heroes #13, and was originally created by writer Roy Thomas and artist Gene Colan."
  36. Forsythe, Dana (November 15, 2018). "Marvel legend Roy Thomas visited Stan Lee days before his death. Here's what happened". SyFy Wire. Archived from the original on August 11, 2019.
  37. Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 165: "Marvel combined the superhero and martial arts genres when writer Roy Thomas and artist Gil Kane created Iron Fist in Marvel Premiere #15."
  38. Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 156: "Co-created by editor Roy Thomas, writer Gary Friedrich, and artist Mike Ploog, the new Ghost Rider was Johnny Blaze, a motorcycle stunt performer."
  39. Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 154: ""Roy Thomas came up with the idea for a series called 'I, Werewolf', narrated in the first person by a teenager who transformed into a werewolf. Stan Lee liked the concept but decided to name it 'Werewolf by Night'. The initial creative team on the series was scriptwriter Gerry Conway and artist Mike Ploog."
  40. Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 159: "Roy Thomas conceived the initial idea of an alternate-future Earth sequel to H. G. Wells' classic science fiction novel The War of the Worlds ... Neal Adams plotted the first story with a script by Gerry Conway and art by Adams and Howard Chaykin."
  41. DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 132: "The updated Vision was created by writer Roy Thomas, who continued his trick of taking a name that Marvel already owned and creating a new super hero around it ... The new Vision, drawn by John Buscema, was a synthozoid – an android with synthetic human organs."
  42. DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 133
  43. DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 128: "[Thomas] often employed a name that Marvel already owned and built a new character around it. Such was the case with the Black Knight."
  44. Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 155
  45. Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 157: "September [1972] witnessed a new generation taking command at Marvel Comics. Roy Thomas not only became writer of 'The World's Greatest Comic Magazine' with Fantastic Four #126, but also simultaneously became Marvel's Editor-in-Chief."
  46. Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 151: "[Roy] Thomas and artist Ross Andru reunited [Doctor] Strange, the Hulk, and Namor as a brand new Marvel superhero team – the Defenders."
  47. DeAngelo, Daniel (July 2013). "The Not-Ready-For-Super-Team Players A History of the Defenders". Back Issue!. Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing (65): 3–5.
  48. Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 170: "In 1975, Thomas and adventure comic strip artist Frank Robbins created the Invaders."
  49. "Jim Shooter Interview, Part 1". ComicBookResources.com. October 6, 2000. Archived from the original on October 17, 2010. We had been losing money for several years in the publishing. And y'know, actually a lot of credit should go to Roy Thomas, who – kicking and screaming —had dragged Marvel into doing Star Wars. If we hadn't done Star Wars – what was that, '77? – well, we would have gone out of business. Additional .
  50. McAvennie, Michael; Dolan, Hannah, ed. (2010). "1970s". DC Comics Year By Year A Visual Chronicle. London, United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. p. 165. ISBN 978-0-7566-6742-9. The Yellow Brick Road from Munchkin Land to the Emerald City was also wide enough to accommodate DC and Marvel as they produced their first-ever joint publication ... Roy Thomas scripted a faithful, seventy-two-page adaptation of Dorothy Gale's adventure, while John Buscema's artwork depicted the landscape of Oz in lavish detail.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  51. Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 179: "Writer Roy Thomas and artist John Buscema created Marvel's new Tarzan series, based on author Edgar Rice Burroughs' character."
  52. Manning, Matthew K.; Dougall, Alastair, ed. (2014). "1980s". Batman: A Visual History. London, United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. p. 139. ISBN 978-1465424563. Batman #337 Gerry Conway was assisted by writer Roy Thomas and the pencils of José Luis García-López in this issue that introduced Batman to the new threat of the Snowman.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  53. Manning "1980s" in Dougall, p. 139: Batman #340 "Writers Gerry Conway and Roy Thomas collaborated with artist Gene Colan for the dramatic return of the Mole, an old Batman villain given a serious upgrade."
  54. Catron, Michael (June 1981). "Thomas Revives WWII Superheroes". Amazing Heroes. Stamford, Connecticut: Fantagraphics Books (1): 28–30. All-Star Squadron, DC's new World War II-era superhero series debuts in May in a 16-page preview insert in Justice League of America #193.
  55. Catron, Michael (June 1981). "Thomas's Indian/Viking to Roam Medieval Europe". Amazing Heroes. Stamford, Connecticut: Fantagraphics Books (1): 28–30. Arak, Son of Thunder, described as an 'Indian/Viking,' makes his debut in a preview insert in Warlord #48, on sale in May.
  56. Sanderson, Peter (September–October 1981). "Thomas/Colan Premiere Wonder Woman's New Look". Comics Feature. New Media Publishing (12/13): 23. The hotly-debated new Wonder Woman uniform will be bestowed on the Amazon Princess in her first adventure written and drawn by her new creative team: Roy Thomas and Gene Colan ... This story will appear as an insert in DC Comics Presents #41.
  57. Manning, Matthew K. "1980s" in Dolan, p. 196: "The New Teen Titans #16 – In a sixteen-page bonus preview insert in the middle of The New Teen Titans ... was the debut story of Captain Carrot and his Amazing Zoo Crew."
  58. Catron, Michael (August 1981). "Personal Notes". Amazing Heroes. Stamford, Connecticut: Fantagraphics Books (3): 23.
  59. Thomas, Roy "The Secret Origins of Infinity, Inc." Alter Ego vol. 3, #1 (Summer 1999) TwoMorrows Publishing p. 27
  60. Thomas, Roy "Roy Thomas Checklist" Alter Ego vol. 3, #50 (July 2005) TwoMorrows Publishing p. 23
  61. Thomas, Roy. "The Justice League-Justice Society Team-Ups" The All-Star Companion TwoMorrows Publishing 2000 ISBN 1-893905-05-5 pp. 191–192
  62. Thomas, Roy "Crisis on Finite Earths The Justice League-Justice Society Team-Ups (1963–1985)" Alter Ego, vol. 3, #7 (Winter 2001) TwoMorrows Publishing, pp. 31–34
  63. Shaw, Scott "Captain Carrot and His Amazing Zoo Crew! Vol. 1, No. 1" Archived January 21, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, OddBallComics.com #1180, October 8, 2007
  64. George Pérez interview, David Anthony Kraft's Comics Interview #6 (Fictioneer, Aug. 1983).
  65. O'Neill, Patrick Daniel. "Career Moves" (Pérez interview), Wizard #35 (July 1994).
  66. "Roy Thomas Checklist" p. 17
  67. Radulovic, Petrana (June 11, 2019). "The abandoned X-Men movie of the 1980s isn't missed by anyone involved". Polygon. Retrieved June 18, 2019.
  68. Manning "1980s" in Dolan, p. 200: "The Amazing Amazon was joined by a host of DC's greatest heroes to celebrate her 300th issue in a seventy-two-page blockbuster ... Written by Roy and Dann Thomas, and penciled by Gene Colan, Ross Andru, Jan Duursema, Dick Giordano, Keith Pollard, Keith Giffen, and Rich Buckler."
  69. Manning "1980s" in Dolan, p. 195: "The creative team of writer Roy Thomas and artist Rich Buckler on All-Star Squadron offered readers a nostalgic glimpse back in time, albeit through the slightly distorted lens of Earth-2's history."
  70. "One of Thomas's goals is to resolve problems in past Earth-2 continuity." as noted in "From Here to Infinity" Sanderson, Peter Amazing Heroes #36 (December 1, 1983) p. 47
  71. Manning "1980s" in Dolan, p. 203: "The children of the original Justice Society of America made their smash debut in this issue by writer Roy Thomas and penciler Jerry Ordway ... All-Star Squadron #25 marked the first appearances of future cult-favorite heroes Jade, Obsidian, Fury, Brainwave Jr., the Silver Scarab, Northwind, and Nuklon."
  72. Manning "1980s" in Dolan, p. 207: "Written by DC's Golden Age guru Roy Thomas and drawn by Jerry Ordway, Infinity, Inc. was released in DC's new deluxe format on bright Baxter paper."
  73. Manning "1980s" in Dolan, p. 212: "In this limited series by writer Roy Thomas and penciler Rafael Kayanan, the JSA was taken to trial following a modern-day witchhunt."
  74. Greenberger, Robert (August 2017). "It Sounded Like a Good Idea at the Time: A Look at the DC Challenge!". Back Issue!. Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing (98): 41–43.
  75. Manning "1980s" in Dolan, p. 218: "The heroes of the DC Universe got a little more exposed thanks to the new ongoing effort Secret Origins, a title offering new interpretations to the backgrounds of some of comics' biggest icons. [Its] debut issue featur[ed] the origin of the first true super-hero – the Golden Age Superman – by writer Roy Thomas and illustrator Wayne Boring."
  76. Manning "1980s" in Dougall, p. 162: "Earth-Two Batman's history was chronicled by writer Roy Thomas and artist Marshall Rogers."
  77. Wells, John (August 2017). "Their Lives Were an Open Book: Secret Origins 1986–1990". Back Issue!. Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing (98): 2–20.
  78. Manning "1980s" in Dolan, p. 221: "The world's first super-team saw its adventures come to a temporary end thanks to its biggest fan. Writer/editor Roy Thomas acknowledged that, after ... the Crisis maxiseries, the JSA seemed no longer relevant."
  79. Shooter, Jim (August 18, 2011). "Writer/Editors – Part 6: Years Later". JimShooter.com (official site). Archived from the original on September 5, 2011.
  80. Weiland, Jonah (September 30, 2004). "30 Years of Horror: Editor Beazley talks the return of Stoker's Dracula". ComicBookResources.com. Archived from the original on September 5, 2011. Retrieved September 5, 2011.
  81. Smith, Zack (February 24, 2007). "NYCC '07/D2: Marvel Magic Gets Spotlight in Mystic Arcana". Newsarama. Archived from the original on October 13, 2007.
  82. Wilson, Matt D. (July 9, 2014). "Roy Thomas And Taschen Drop 700-Page Hardcover Celebrating 75 Years Of Marvel Comics". ComicsAlliance. Archived from the original on August 21, 2014.
  83. Melrose, Kevin (July 8, 2014). "Taschen and Roy Thomas chronicle 75 Years of Marvel". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on September 25, 2014.
  84. Johnston, Rich (July 24, 2015). "Roy Thomas Tells The War Years Of Batman, Superman And Wonder Woman". Bleeding Cool. Archived from the original on October 27, 2015.
  85. Thomas, Roy (November 1, 2018). "MY MARVEL CAMEO". "Hero Envy" The Blog Adventures. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
  86. Hartwig, Joshua (February 25, 2019). "Comic book writer Roy Thomas celebrated Saturday, awarded key to uptown Jackson". Southeast Missourian. Cape Girardeau, Missouri.
  87. Thomas, Roy/Johnston, Rich (March 23, 2019). "The Last Spider-Man Newspaper Strip Runs Today – Its Writer, Roy Thomas Looks Back". Bleeding Cool.
  88. Sardo, Matthew (April 12, 2019). "Marvel Announces Roy Thomas and Jerry Ordway's Captain America and The Invaders: The Bahamas Triangle #1". Monkeys Fighting Robots. Archived from the original on April 30, 2020.
  89. "KING-SIZE CONAN (2020)". Weekly Comic Book Roundup. December 2020. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  90. "Hero Initiative Board Members Disbursement Committee". The Hero Initiative. 2013. Archived from the original on June 21, 2013.
  91. "1969 Alley Awards". Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac. n.d. Archived from the original on September 10, 2015.
  92. "1971 Academy of Comic Book Arts Awards". Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac. n.d. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015.
  93. Bails, Jerry (n.d.). "Thomas, Roy". Who's Who of American Comic Books 1928-1999. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016.
  94. "1973 Academy of Comic Book Arts Awards". Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac. n.d. Archived from the original on September 8, 2015.
  95. "1974 Academy of Comic Book Arts Awards". Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac. n.d. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015.
  96. "Bullpen Bulletins" page, "Wondrously Witty Words From a Woomful of Wombats!" in Marvel Comics cover-dated October 1974: "Our own Rascally Roy Thomas ... was recently awarded an Alfred by the first International Comic-Strip Congress at Angouleme, France ... The award was given to Roy as best comics writer in a foreign language. Sheesh! And here all these years he thought he was writing in English!"
  97. "Inkpot Award Winners". Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac. Archived from the original on July 9, 2012.
  98. "Eagle Awards Previous Winners 1977". Eagle Awards. 2013. Archived from the original on October 23, 2013. Retrieved November 3, 2013.
  99. "Eagle Awards Previous Winners 1978". Eagle Awards. 2013. Archived from the original on October 23, 2013. Retrieved November 3, 2013.
  100. "Eagle Awards Previous Winners 1979". Eagle Awards. 2013. Archived from the original on October 23, 2013. Retrieved November 3, 2013.
  101. "Eagle Awards Previous Winners 1980". Eagle Awards. 1980. Archived from the original on October 23, 2013. Retrieved November 3, 2013.
  102. Marx, Barry, Cavalieri, Joey and Hill, Thomas (w), Petruccio, Steven (a), Marx, Barry (ed). "Roy Thomas From Fan to Professional" Fifty Who Made DC Great: 33 (1985), DC Comics
  103. "1996 Haxtur Awards". Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac. n.d. Archived from the original on May 14, 2015.
  104. "2010s Eisner Award Recipients". San Diego Comic-Con International. 2015. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015.
  105. "CAPS Banquet: Roy Thomas". Comic Art Professional Society. November 2, 2017. Archived from the original on October 26, 2018. Retrieved January 15, 2020.
Preceded by
Stan Lee		 Marvel Comics Editor-in-Chief
1972–1974		 Succeeded by
Len Wein
Preceded by
Stan Lee		 (Uncanny) X-Men writer
1966–1968		 Succeeded by
Gary Friedrich
Preceded by
Stan Lee		 The Avengers writer
1966–1972		 Succeeded by
Steve Englehart
Preceded by
Arnold Drake		 (Uncanny) X-Men writer
1969–1970		 Succeeded by
Chris Claremont
Preceded by
Stan Lee		 Daredevil writer
1969–1970		 Succeeded by
Gerry Conway
Preceded by
Stan Lee		 The Incredible Hulk writer
1970–1972		 Succeeded by
Archie Goodwin
Preceded by
n/a		 Conan the Barbarian writer
1970–1980		 Succeeded by
J. M. DeMatteis
Preceded by
Stan Lee		 The Amazing Spider-Man writer
1971–1972		 Succeeded by
Stan Lee
Preceded by
Len Wein		 Man-Thing writer
1972		 Succeeded by
Gerry Conway
Preceded by
Stan Lee		 Fantastic Four writer
1972–1973		 Succeeded by
Gerry Conway
Preceded by
Steve Englehart		 The Incredible Hulk writer
(with Gerry Conway)
1974		 Succeeded by
Len Wein
Preceded by
Gerry Conway		 Fantastic Four writer
1975–1977		 Succeeded by
Len Wein
Preceded by
Jack Kirby		 Captain America writer
1977		 Succeeded by
Donald F. Glut
Preceded by
n/a		 What If ... ? writer
1977		 Succeeded by
Donald F. Glut
Preceded by
Len Wein		 Thor writer
1978–1980		 Succeeded by
Mark Gruenwald and Ralph Macchio
Preceded by
Ron Marz		 Thor writer
1994–1995		 Succeeded by
Warren Ellis
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