Richeza of Denmark

Richeza of Denmark (Swedish: Rikissa Valdemarsdotter; c. 1180–8 May 1220) was Queen of Sweden as the wife of King Eric X, and the mother of King Eric XI.

Richeza of Denmark
Queen consort of Sweden
Tenure	1210–1216
Born	c. 1190/91
Died	1220 Denmark
Spouse	Eric X of Sweden
Issue	Sophia Eriksdotter Martha Eriksdotter Ingeborg Eriksdotter Marianna Eriksdotter Eric XI of Sweden
House	Estridsen
Father	Valdemar I of Denmark
Mother	Sophia of Minsk

Richeza on her gravestone (cenotaph)

Early life

Richeza was a daughter of Valdemar I of Denmark and Sophia of Minsk. She received her first name, originally a Lotharingian-Burgundian female name, in honor of her maternal grandmother, the late Richeza of Poland.[1] In c. 1210 the new king Eric X of Sweden, who had deposed his predecessor Sverker II, desired to build cordial and peaceful relations with Denmark, which had traditionally supported the House of Sverker, against the Norwegian-supported dynasty of Eric. That was why Richeza, sister of the then reigning Valdemar II of Denmark, was married to Eric.

Queenship

When she arrived at the Swedish coast, according to a later folk song, she expressed her surprise that she was expected to ride and not travel by carriage, as she had been used to in her birth country, and the Swedish noblewomen and ladies-in-waiting had encouraged her to adapt the customs of her new home country instead of trying to establish her own "Jutian" customs.[2]

Queen Richeza bore exclusively daughters as long as her spouse was alive. King Eric died in 1216. Dowager Queen Richeza was pregnant at the time and then gave birth to her only surviving son, the future Eric XI of Sweden, after the death of her spouse. The family of King Eric X, however, was driven to exile from Sweden as the House of Sverker heir, John I, was elected king there, to succeed Richeza's husband. It was in Denmark that Richeza herself died, without seeing her son's accession to the throne (in 1222), nor her daughters' marriages. She was buried in Ringsted. While nothing is concretely known about her person, the occurrence of the name Rikissa (Richeza) among her descendants may indicate that she was well-liked.[3]

Children

• Sophia Eriksdotter (died 1241), married Henry III of Rostock
• (allegedly) Martha Eriksdotter married the Marshal Nils Sixtensson (Sparre)
• Ingeborg Eriksdotter (died 1254), married to Birger Jarl, regent of Sweden
• (possibly) Marianna Eriksdotter, who married a duke of Pomerania
• Eric XI of Sweden (1216–1250)

References

1. Hans Gillingstam. "Rikissa", Svenskt biografiskt lexikon, https://sok.riksarkivet.se/SBL/Presentation.aspx?id=6755
2. A.M. Strinnholm, Svenska folkets historia, Vol. IV. Stockholm: Hörbergska, 1852, pp. 241-2.
3. Hans Gillingstam. "Rikissa", Svenskt biografiskt lexikon, https://sok.riksarkivet.se/SBL/Presentation.aspx?id=6755

Further reading

• Åke Ohlmarks: Alla Sveriges drottningar (All the queens of Sweden). Stockholm: Gebers, 1973.