Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo

The Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo (sometimes RMWB)[4][5] is a specialized municipality located in northeastern Alberta, Canada. Formed as a result of the amalgamation of the City of Fort McMurray and Improvement District No. 143 on April 1, 1995,[6] it is the second largest municipality in Alberta by area.[7] It is home to vast oil sand deposits, also known as the Athabasca oil sands, helping to make the region one of the fastest growing industrial areas in Canada.

For the park, see Wood Buffalo National Park. For other uses, see Wood buffalo (disambiguation).
Wood Buffalo
Specialized municipality
Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo
Seal
Location within Alberta
CountryCanada
ProvinceAlberta
RegionNorthern Alberta
Planning regionLower Athabasca
Specialized municipalityApril 1, 1995
Name changeAugust 14, 1996
Office locationFort McMurray
Government
 • MayorDon Scott
 • Governing body
 • CAOJamie Doyle
Area
 (2016)[2]
 • Land61,777.65 km2 (23,852.48 sq mi)
Population
 (2016)[2]
 • Total71,589
 • Density1.2/km2 (3/sq mi)
 • Municipal census (2015)
82,724[3]
Time zoneUTC−7 (MST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−6 (MDT)
Websitermwb.ca

Until the Alberta electoral boundary re-distribution of 2004, the municipality was divided between the provincial electoral districts of Fort McMurray (the community itself) and Athabasca-Wabasca (the surrounding area). The re-distribution amalgamated the municipality into a single electoral district covering the entire municipality. As a result, the new Wood Buffalo electoral district became the most populous such district in Alberta.

Geography

Communities and localities

The following localities are located within the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo.[9]

Localities

Hydrology

The Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo (RMWB) is in the lower basin of the Athabasca River watershed and Fort McMurray is the largest community on the banks of the river.[notes 1] Local rivers include the Hangingstone River, Clearwater River and Christina River, a tributary of the Clearwater River.

The Hangingstone River drains an area of 1,070 km2 (413 sq mi), which is dominated by muskeg, and flows into the Clearwater River just upstream of the Athabasca River at Fort McMurray.[10] The river often experiences high flows in the spring during snow melt, during heavy rainfall events and when ice jams occur during spring ice break. The RMWB warns citizens of the potential for sudden flash floods "especially in populated areas adjacent to the Athabasca River, Clearwater River and Christina River." Water levels have been monitored by the Water Survey of Canada since 1970 (WSC station 07CD004). During the spring months there is increased monitoring of the "Clearwater River to the south of the urban service area to provide warning of an ice break" and the "Athabasca River upper basin, local river levels, precipitation and overall weather patterns."[11]

The Clearwater River,[notes 2][12] designated as part of the Canadian Heritage Rivers System, flows 187 km (116 mi) from its headwaters in Lloyd Lake in northwest Saskatchewan into northeast Alberta before joining the Athabasca River at Fort McMurray.[12][13] "The lack of significant oil sands developments means that the Clearwater River can be used as a baseline river system to provide information on the variability and characteristics of natural systems."[13]

June 2013 floods

By June 12, 2013 after many days of heavy rain, Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo declared a state of emergency. They organized evacuations from some areas and placed others under boil water advisories as local waterways, such as the Hangingstone River, rose to dangerously high levels 30 kilometres south of Fort McMurray, causing the closure of Highway 63.[14]

2016 wildfire
Main article: 2016 Fort McMurray wildfire

From May 3, 2016 on, over 80,000 people were affected by evacuations, by May 3 at 6:49 pm, the entirety of Fort McMurray and surrounding areas were placed under a mandatory evacuation.[15][16] making it Alberta's largest evacuation for a wildfire.[15]

Demographics

In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo recorded a population of 71,589 living in 25,659 of its 30,713 total private dwellings, a change of 9.2% from its 2011 population of 65,565. With a land area of 61,777.65 km2 (23,852.48 sq mi), it had a population density of 1.2/km2 (3.0/sq mi) in 2016.[2]

Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo population breakdown, 2015 [3]
Component Permanent
 population 		 Shadow
 population 		 Total
 population 
Urban service area (Fort McMurray)    78,382 4,342 82,724
Rural service area 3,566 38,742 42,308
Total RM of Wood Buffalo 81,948 43,084 125,032

The Regional Municipality (RM) of Wood Buffalo's 2015 municipal census reported a population of 125,032 in the municipality, which includes permanent and shadow (non-permanent) populations of 82,724 and 42,308 residents respectively.[3]

In the 2011 Census, the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo had a population of 65,565 living in 23,077 of its 28,000 total dwellings, a change of 27.3% from its 2006 population of 51,496. With a land area of 63,637.47 km2 (24,570.56 sq mi), it had a population density of 1.0/km2 (2.7/sq mi) in 2011.[17]

Population controversy

The determination of the RM of Wood Buffalo's population has twice been subject to controversy since 2007. First, Statistics Canada's March 2007 release of the population and dwelling counts from the 2006 census reported an overall population that was 18,000 residents fewer than the number of permanent residents the municipality counted in its own census conducted in 2006.[18][19][20]

Second, the RM of Wood Buffalo published a total population of 103,334 as a result of its 2008 municipal census, which included both its permanent and non-permanent (shadow) populations.[21] Alberta Municipal Affairs rejected the census result as the total population was generated through the use of extrapolation instead of door-to-door census enumeration.[22][23]

Visible minorities and Aboriginal population

As of the 2006 census, nearly 11% of residents identified themselves as visible minorities and more than 10% of residents identified as Aboriginal.

Visible minorities and Aboriginal population
Canada 2006 CensusPopulation% of Total Population
Visible minority group
Source:[24]		South Asian1,7803.5%
Chinese5401.1%
Black7201.4%
Filipino7501.5%
Latin American5701.1%
Arab7101.4%
Southeast Asian1300.3%
West Asian1200.2%
Korean1150.2%
Japanese400.1%
Other visible minority500.1%
Mixed visible minority900.2%
Total visible minority population5,61510.9%
Aboriginal group
Source:[25]		First Nations2,4254.7%
Métis2,5354.9%
Inuit2100.4%
Total Aboriginal population5,36510.4%
White40,42578.6%
Total population51,405100%

Mother tongue

Nearly 85% of residents identified English, and 3% identified French, as their first language. The next most common languages are Cree, Spanish and Arabic at 1.2% each; Tagalog and Chinese at 0.8% each; Dene/Chipewyan and Urdu at 0.6% each, and German at 0.5%.[26]

Immigration

Wood Buffalo is home to almost 2,000 recent immigrants (arriving between 2001 and 2006) who now make up more than 3% of the population. About 21% of these immigrants came from India, while about 10% came from each of Pakistan and the Philippines, and about 9% came from Venezuela, and about 8% from South Africa, about 6% from China, and about 3% came from Colombia.[27]

Religion

More than 80% of residents identified as Christian at the time of the 2001 census while almost 17% indicated they had no religious affiliation. For specific denominations Statistics Canada counted 15,880 Roman Catholics (37.4%), 4,985 Anglicans (11.7%), 4,225 for the United Church of Canada (9.9%), 1,730 Pentecostals (4.1%), 1,195 Baptists (2.8%), 965 for the Salvation Army (2.3%), 900 Lutherans (2.1%), 690 Muslims (1.6%), 350 Latter-day Saints (0.8%), and 320 Presbyterians (0.8%).[28]

Economy

The Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo is home to vast oil sand deposits, also known as the Athabasca Oil Sands, helping to make the region one of the fastest growing industrial areas in Canada.

Government

The municipality's current mayor is Don Scott, who has served since 2017. Its first mayor upon its creation in 1995 was Guy Boutilier, who had previously been the mayor of Fort McMurray and was subsequently elected as the region's provincial MLA. Doug Faulkner served as mayor from 1997 to 2004, and Melissa Blake from 2004 to 2017.

In the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, the municipality was served by the electoral district of Fort McMurray-Wood Buffalo until 2010, when a second district, Fort McMurray-Conklin, was created due to population growth. Fort McMurray-Wood Buffalo is currently represented by Tany Yao, while Fort McMurray-Conklin is represented by Laila Goodridge. Yao was elected under the Wildrose Party in the 2015 provincial election, however he has since crossed the floor to the United Conservative Party.[29][30] Goodridge was elected under the United Conservative Party on July 12, 2018,[31] she took over from the former Official Opposition leader Brian Jean following his retirement.

As of 2016, the municipality is located in the federal electoral district of Fort McMurray—Cold Lake, which is currently represented in the House of Commons of Canada by David Yurdiga of the Conservative Party of Canada.

See also

Notes
  1. The Athabasca River originates in Jasper National Park. It is fed by the Athabasca Glacier within the Columbia Icefield, at an altitude of approximately 1,600 metres (5,200 ft). The river travels 1,231 km (765 mi) before discharging through the Mackenzie River system into the Arctic Ocean through the Northwest Territories. Its course is marked by rapids, impeding navigation southwest of Fort McMurray.
  2. Clearwater river is named because of its "unspoiled, clear-water river in a pristine isolated "wilderness setting of spectacular beauty."

References
  1. "Municipal Officials Search". Alberta Municipal Affairs. September 22, 2017. Retrieved September 25, 2017.
  2. "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2016 and 2011 censuses – 100% data (Alberta)". Statistics Canada. February 8, 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2017.
  3. "2015 Municipal Affairs Population List" (PDF). Alberta Municipal Affairs. ISBN 978-1-4601-2630-1. Retrieved February 23, 2016.
  4. "Website Abbreviation". Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
  5. "RMWB @RMWoodBuffalo Twitter Profile". Twitter. Regional Municipality of Wood BuffaloRegional Municipality of Wood Buffalo. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
  6. "Order in Council (O.C.) 817/94" (PDF). Province of Alberta. December 21, 1994. Retrieved August 1, 2010.
  7. "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2006 and 2001 censuses - 100% data". Statistics Canada. January 6, 2010. Retrieved October 3, 2011.
  8. "Specialized and Rural Municipalities and Their Communities" (PDF). Alberta Municipal Affairs. March 1, 2012. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
  9. "Standard Geographical Classification (SGC) 2006, Economic Regions: 4816037 - Wood Buffalo, geographical codes and localities, 2006". Statistics Canada. March 5, 2010. Archived from the original on March 23, 2012. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
  10. Hangingstone River Hydrological Profile (Report). Hydrology of the Athabasca Oil Sands Region. Regional Aquatics Monitoring Program RAMP. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  11. "Floods? Are You Ready?" (PDF). Wood Buffalo. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  12. "Clearwater River". Canadian Heritage Rivers System. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  13. "Clearwater River Hydrological Profile". Hydrology of the Athabasca Oil Sands Region. Regional Aquatics Monitoring Program (RAMP. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  14. "Fort McMurray floodwaters wash out roads, power. Some residents are moved out, others ready for evacuation order". CBC News. June 12, 2013.
  15. Parsons, Paige (May 3, 2016). "Thousands flee from Fort McMurray wildfire in the largest fire evacuation in Alberta's history". Postmedia Network. Edmonton Journal. Retrieved May 3, 2016.
  16. "Wildfire destroys Fort McMurray homes, most of city evacuated". CBC News Edmonton. May 3, 2016. Retrieved May 3, 2016.
  17. "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2011 and 2006 censuses (Alberta)". Statistics Canada. February 8, 2012. Retrieved February 8, 2012.
  18. "Wood Buffalo Alberta (Regional municipality)". Statistics Canada. Retrieved November 9, 2009.
  19. "Municipal Census 2006" (PDF). RM of Wood Buffalo. 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 27, 2008. Retrieved December 1, 2010.
  20. "Wood Buffalo to challenge federal census". Fort McMurray Today. March 21, 2010. Archived from the original on July 11, 2011. Retrieved December 1, 2010.
  21. "Municipal Census 2008" (PDF). RM of Wood Buffalo. June 1, 2009. Retrieved December 1, 2010.
  22. "Wood Buffalo hits 100,000, but province not paying up". Fort McMurray Today. July 16, 2009. Archived from the original on 2011-07-11. Retrieved December 1, 2010.
  23. "Wood Buffalo's population passes 100,000, reports 2008 Municipal Census". RM of Wood Buffalo. July 15, 2009. Archived from the original on August 28, 2010. Retrieved December 1, 2010.
  24. , Community Profiles from the 2006 Census, Statistics Canada - Census Subdivision
  25. , Aboriginal Peoples - Data table
  26. "Wood Buffalo". Detailed Mother Tongue (186), Knowledge of Official Languages (5), Age Groups (17A) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2001 and 2006 Censuses - 20% Sample Data. Statistics Canada. November 20, 2007. Retrieved February 6, 2008.
  27. "Wood Buffalo". Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (8) and Place of Birth (261) for the Immigrants and Non-permanent Residents of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data. Statistics Canada. December 4, 2007. Retrieved February 6, 2008.
  28. "Wood Buffalo". Religion (95A), Age Groups (7A) and Sex (3) for Population, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 1991 and 2001 Censuses - 20% Sample Data. Statistics Canada. March 1, 2007. Retrieved February 6, 2008.
  29. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-09-14. Retrieved 2016-08-23.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  30. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-09-14. Retrieved 2016-08-23.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  31. http://officialresults.elections.ab.ca/orWinningCandidates.cfm?EventId=45
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