Radu Budișteanu

Radu Budișteanu (1902–1991) was a Romanian activist of the Iron Guard.

Born in Bucharest, he studied literature, philosophy and theology as well as law in The Hague and Paris.[1] He became a prominent lawyer who entered the Guard in 1937 and served in the Senate.[1][2] In July 1938, he was sentenced to seven years' imprisonment, held at Miercurea Ciuc, and escaped the massacre of Guardists carried out in the wake of Armand Călinescu's September 1939 assassination.[1] On July 8, 1940, he became Minister of Culture and Religious Affairs in the cabinet of Ion Gigurtu, replacing Horia Sima, who had resigned. Shortly after being named, he annulled the state subsidy that had been paid to the religious community of Romanian Jews for many years. He banned the purchase of Christian religious objects from Jewish-owned businesses, dismissed Jewish personnel from state and private theaters,[3] and withdrew state recognition from Jewish schools.[4]

On September 9, by which time Ion Antonescu had assumed power, he signed two decrees. The first authorized eight religious bodies to function on Romanian soil: Romanian Orthodoxy, Greek-Catholicism, Roman Catholicism (including the Ukrainian and Armenian Vicariates), Reformed, Lutheran, Unitarian, Armenian Apostolic and Islam. Judaism was not mentioned,[3] in contrast with the 1928 law he abrogated.[4] The second decree called into question the legal status of Judaism, providing that all extant synagogues had to cease functioning unless expressly authorized to do so by the ministry. Reacting to what was in effect the closure of synagogues and cemeteries, Chief Rabbi Alexandru Șafran persuaded Antonescu to cancel the measure.[3] Budișteanu was in government until the National Legionary State was established on September 14.[5] He served as an attorney for Guard members arrested during the January 1941 Legionnaires' rebellion, but by December 1943 had shown a willingness to cooperate with Antonescu.[1]

In 1945, the new Romanian Communist Party-dominated government began to pursue Budișteanu, who was accused of complicity in provoking national disaster. He managed to hide until 1948, when he was arrested shortly after a communist regime was installed. He revealed the names of all those who helped him evade; they in turn were sent to prison.[2] He served time at Ocnele Mari, Sighet and finally Aiud prison,[6] where he agreed to undergo re-education from 1962 to 1964,[6] and also contributed articles to the propaganda organ Glasul Patriei, reproaching himself for past errors.[2] He was released in 1964,[6] emigrating to West Germany in the late 1970s.[1] There, he re-established ties with Sima and considered himself a Guard leader,[2] contributing to exile magazines.[1] He died in Frankfurt.[2]

Notes
  1. Gerhard Köpernik, Faschisten im KZ: Rumäniens Eiserne Garde und das Dritte Reich, p. 262. Berlin: Frank & Timme GmbH, 2014. ISBN 978-3-7329-0089-3
  2. (in Romanian) Cicerone Ionițoiu, "Victimele terorii comuniste. Arestați, torturați, întemnițați, uciși. Dicționar B"
  3. Carol Iancu, Alexandru Șafran si Șoahul neterminat în România, p. 55. Bucharest: Editura Hasefer, 2010. ISBN 978-973-630218-3
  4. Jacob Geller, Radu Valeriu Oprea, Rezistența spirituală a evreilor români în timpul Holocaustului (1940–1944), p. 36. Bucharest: Editura Hasefer, 2004. ISBN 978-973-63006-60
  5. Stelian Neagoe, Istoria guvernelor României, p. 137. Bucharest: Editura Machiavelli, 1999. ISBN 978-973-9659-97-0
  6. (in Romanian) "Instrumente digitale pentru studiul totalitarismului – B"
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