Queen Jangnyeol

Queen Jangryeol (16 December 1624 – 20 September 1688), of the Yangju Jo clan, was a posthumous name bestowed to the wife and second queen consort of Yi Jong, King Injo, the 16th Joseon monarch. She was Queen consort of Joseon from 1638 until her husband's death in 1649, after which she was honoured as Queen Dowager Jaui (자의왕대비) during the reign of her step-son Yi Ho, King Hyojong, and as Grand Queen Dowager Jaui Gongsin (자의공신대왕대비) during the reign of her step-grandson Yi Yeon, King Hyeonjong and her step-great-grandson Yi Sun, King Sukjong.

Queen Jangryeol
장렬왕후
Grand Queen dowager of Joseon
Tenure1659 – 1688
Queen dowager of Joseon
Tenure1649 – 1659
Queen consort of Joseon
TenureDecember 1638 – 1649
Born16 December 1624
Cheonan, Kingdom of Joseon
Died20 September 1688 (1688-09-21) (aged 63)
Hanseong, Kingdom of Joseon
Burial
Hwineung
SpouseYi Jong, King Injo
Posthumous name
자의공신휘헌강인숙목장렬왕후
HouseYangju Jo
FatherJo Chang-Won
MotherLady Wansan of the Jeonju Choi clan

Biography

The future queen was born on 16 December 1624 during the reign King Injo. Her father, Jo Chang-won, was member of the Yangju Jo clan. Her mother was member of the Jeonju Choi clan.

Three years after his Queen Inryeol’s death, Injo selected fourteen-year old Jo Chang-won's daughter as new queen consort in December 1638. The King was 29 years her senior.

The Queen's relationship with Injo was not good due to the fact that she could not bear a son, and because the King's concubine, Jo Gwi-in had succeeded in having Injo to hate her, thus she left the main palace in 1645, Changdeok Palace, to live in Gyeongdeok Palace.

After Injo’s death, she was elevated to the rank of a dowager and formally addressed as Queen Dowager Jaui. Disputes happened during the death of her stepson, Hyojong, and his wife, Queen Inseon, where the factions argued on the duration in which Jaui would have to wear the mourning attire or sangbok. The incident was known as Yesong Dispute (예송논쟁): for Hyojong’s funeral, it became an issue to determine whether the dowager should be mourning for three or one year, while for Queen Dowager Hyosuk, either one year or nine months.

Hyeonjong became the king and Jaui officially became grand queen dowager. Since she did not have any children, she led a solitary life until her death at the age of 65 on 20 December 1688 during Sukjong’s reign after living 50 years of her life as a woman of the royal palace.

Her tomb is located in Hwineung, Donggurneung, which is located within the city of Guri in Gyeonggi Province.

Family

Parent

  • Father − Jo Chang-won (조창원, 趙昌遠) (1583 - 1646)
    • 1) Grandfather − Jo Jon-seong (조존성, 趙存性) (1554 - 1668)
      • 2) Great-Grandfather − Jo Nam (조남, 趙擥)
    • 1) Grandmother − Lady Lee of the Yongin Lee clan (증 정경부인 용인 이씨, 贈 貞敬夫人 龍仁 李氏)
  • Mother − Lady Wansan of the Jeonju Choi clan (완산부부인 전주 최씨, 完山府夫人 全州 崔氏) (1583 - 1663)
    • 1) Grandfather − Choi Cheol-geon (최철견, 崔鐡堅)
    • 1) Grandmother − Lady Jeong of the Jinyang Jeong clan (진양 정씨, 晉陽 鄭氏)

Sibling

  • Older brother − Jo Yun-seok (조윤석, 趙胤錫) (1615 - 1664)
  • Sister-in-law − Lady Kim of the Andong Kim clan
  • Older sister − Lady Jo of the Yangju Jo clan (양주 조씨, 楊州 趙氏)
  • Brother-in-law − Shin Ik-jeon (신익전, 申翊全)[1][2]
    • Nephew − Shin Jeong (신정, 申晸)[3][4]
    • Nephew − Shin Seom (신섬, 申暹)
    • Nephew − Shin Chang (신창)
    • Nephew − Shin Yeob (신엽, 申曅)
    • Nephew − Shin Ahng (신앙, 申昻)
    • Niece − Lady Shin of the Pyeongsan Shin clan (평산 신씨)
    • Nephew-in-law − Yi Hye (이혜, 李嵆); King Seonjo’s great-grandson
    • Niece − Princess Consort Yeongpung of the Pyeongsan Shin clan (영풍군부인 평산 신씨) (1639 - 1692)
    • Nephew-in-law − Yi Jing, Prince Seungseon (이징 숭선군, 李澂 崇善君) (1639 - 1690)[5]
    • Niece − Lady Shin of the Pyeongsan Shin clan (평산 신씨)
  • Older sister − Lady Jo of the Yangju Jo clan (양주 조씨, 楊州 趙氏)
  • Brother-in-law − Yun Ji-bin (윤지빈, 尹之贇)

Consort

Issue

Titles
  • 16 December 1624 - December 1638: Lady Jo, daughter of Jo Chang-won, of the Yangju Jo clan
  • December 1638 - 1649: The Queen Consort
  • 1649 - 1659: Queen Dowager Jaui (자의왕대비, Jaui Wangdaebi)
  • 1659 - 20 December 1688: Grand Queen Dowager Jaui Gongsin (자의공신대왕대비, Jauigongsin Daewangdaebi)
  • Posthumous title: Queen Jangryeol (장렬왕후 莊烈王后, Jangryeol Wanghu)

References
  • 장렬왕후 (in Korean). Doosan Encyclopedia.

Notes
  1. A niece from his older brother married Crown Princess Minhoe’s older brother, Kang Moon-du (강문두, 姜文斗)
  2. A sister of his married an older brother of Crown Princess Minhoe, Kang Moon-seong (강문성, 姜文星)
  3. Her grandnephew became the maternal great uncle of Royal Consort Yeong of Andong Kim clan (King Sukjong’s concubine)
  4. Another grandnephew married Queen Inhyeon’s younger sister
  5. He is the son of Royal Noble Consort Gwi-in Jo and King Injo
Queen Jangnyeol
Yangju Jo clan
Royal titles
Preceded by
Queen Inyeol
of the Cheongju Han clan		 Queen consort of Joseon
December 1638 – 1649		 Succeeded by
Queen Inseon
of the Deoksu Jang clan
Preceded by
Queen Dowager Soseong (Inmok)
of the Yeonan Kim clan		 Queen dowager of Joseon
1649 – 1659		 Succeeded by
Queen Dowager Hyosuk (Inseon)
of the Deoksu Jang clan
Preceded by
Grand Queen Dowager Myeongryeol (Inmok)
of the Yeonan Kim clan		 Grand Queen dowager of Joseon
1659 – 1688		 Succeeded by
Grand Queen Dowager Hyesun (Inwon)
of the Gyeongju Kim clan
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