Puya (plant)

Puya is a genus of the botanical family Bromeliaceae. It is the sole genus of the subfamily Puyoideae, and is composed of 226 species.[1][2] These terrestrial plants are native to the Andes Mountains of South America and southern Central America. Many of the species are monocarpic, with the parent plant dying after one flower and seed production event.

Puya
Puya berteroniana
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Bromeliaceae
Subfamily: Puyoideae
Givnish
Genus: Puya
Molina
Type species
Puya chilensis
Species

See text

The species Puya raimondii is notable as the largest species of bromeliad known, reaching 3 m tall in vegetative growth with a flower spike 9–10 m tall. The other species are also large, with the flower spikes mostly reaching 1–4 m tall.

The name Puya was derived from the Mapuche Indian word meaning "point".

The genus is commonly divided into two subgenera, Puya, containing eight species, and Puyopsis containing the remainder. The subgenera can be distinguished by the presence of a sterile inflorescence at the branch apex in Puya, which are fertile in Puyopsis.[3]

Species
Puya goudotiana, Páramo of Guasca, Colombia
  • Puya adscendens L.B. Smith
  • Puya aequatorialis André
    • P. a. var. albiflora André
  • Puya alata L.B. Smith
  • Puya alba L.B. Smith
  • Puya alpestris (Poeppig) Gay
  • Puya alpicola L.B. Smith
  • Puya angelensis E. Gross & Rauh
  • Puya angulonis L.B. Smith
  • Puya angusta L.B. Smith
  • Puya antioquiensis L.B. Smith & R.W. Read
  • Puya araneosa L.B. Smith
  • Puya argentea L.B. Smith
  • Puya aristeguietae L.B. Smith
  • Puya asplundii L.B. Smith
  • Puya assurgens L.B. Smith
  • Puya atra L.B. Smith
  • Puya barkleyana L.B. Smith
  • Puya bermejana Gómez, Slanis & Grau
  • Puya berteroniana Mez
  • Puya bicolor Mez
  • Puya boliviensis Baker
  • Puya boopiensis R. Vásquez, Ibisch & R. Lara
  • Puya boyacana Cuatrecasas
  • Puya brachystachya (Baker) Mez
  • Puya brackeana Manzanares & W. Till
  • Puya brittoniana Baker
  • Puya cajasensis Manzanares & W. Till
  • Puya cardenasii L.B. Smith
  • Puya cardonae L.B. Smith
  • Puya casmichensis L.B. Smith
  • Puya castellanosii L.B. Smith
  • Puya cerrateana L.B. Smith
  • Puya chilensis Molina
  • Puya claudiae Ibisch, R. Vásquez & E. Gross
  • Puya clava-herculis Mez & Sodiro
  • Puya cleefii L.B. Smith & R.W. Read
  • Puya cochabambensis R. Vásquez & Ibisch
  • Puya coerulea Lindley
    • P. c. var. violacea (Brongniart) Smith
    • P. c. var. monteroana (Smith & Looser) Smith & Looser
    • P. c. var. intermedia (Smith & Looser) Smith & Looser
  • Puya commixta L.B. Smith
  • Puya compacta L.B. Smith
  • Puya coriacea L.B. Smith
  • Puya cristata L.B. Smith
  • Puya cryptantha Cuatrecasas
  • Puya ctenorhyncha L.B. Smith
  • Puya cuatrecasasii L.B. Smith
  • Puya cuevae Manzanares & W. Till
  • Puya cylindrica Mez
  • Puya dasylirioides Standley
  • Puya densiflora Harms
  • Puya depauperata L.B. Smith
  • Puya dichroa L.B. Smith & R.W. Read
  • Puya dodsonii Manzanares & W. Till
  • Puya dolichostrobila Harms
  • Puya dyckioides (Baker) Mez
  • Puya elviragrossiae R. Vásquez & P.L. Ibisch
  • Puya entre-riosensis Ibisch & E. Gross
  • Puya erlenbachiana Ibisch & R. Vásquez
  • Puya eryngioides André
  • Puya exigua Mez
  • Puya exuta L.B. Smith & R.W. Read
  • Puya fastuosa Mez
  • Puya ferox Mez
  • Puya ferreyrae L.B. Smith
  • Puya ferruginea (Ruiz & Pavón) L.B. Smith
  • Puya fiebrigii Mez
  • Puya floccosa (Linden) E. Morren
    • P. f. var. compacta L.B. Smith
  • Puya fosteriana L.B. Smith
  • Puya fulgens L.B. Smith
  • Puya furfuracea (Willdenow) L.B. Smith
  • Puya gargantae L.B. Smith
  • Puya gerd-muelleri W. Weber
  • Puya gerdae W. Weber
  • Puya gigas André
  • Puya gilmartiniae G.S. Varadarajan & Flores
  • Puya glabrescens L.B. Smith
  • Puya glandulosa L.B. Smith
  • Puya glareosa L.B. Smith
  • Puya glaucovirens Mez
  • Puya glomerifera Mez & Sodiro
  • Puya goudotiana Mez
  • Puya gracilis L.B. Smith
  • Puya grafii Rauh
  • Puya grandidens Mez
  • Puya grantii L.B. Smith
  • Puya grubbii L.B. Smith
  • Puya gutteana W. Weber
  • Puya hamata L.B. Smith
  • Puya harmsii (Castellanos) Castellanos
  • Puya herrerae Harms
  • Puya herzogii Wittmack
  • Puya hirtzii Manzanares & W. Till
  • Puya hofstenii Mez
  • Puya horrida L.B. Smith & R.W. Read
  • Puya hortensis L.B. Smith
  • Puya hoxeyi Janeba[4]
  • Puya hromadnikii Rauh
  • Puya huancavelicae L.B. Smith
  • Puya humilis Mez
  • Puya hutchisonii L.B. Smith
  • Puya ibischii R. Vásquez
  • Puya iltisiana L.B. Smith
  • Puya isabellina Mez
  • Puya joergensenii H. Luther
  • Puya killipii Cuatrecasas
  • Puya kuntzeana Mez
  • Puya laccata Mez
  • Puya lanata Kunth
  • Puya lanuginosa (Ruiz & Pavón) Schultes f.
  • Puya larae R. Vásquez & Ibisch
  • Puya lasiopoda L.B. Smith
  • Puya laxa L.B. Smith
  • Puya lehmanniana L.B. Smith
  • Puya leptostachya L.B. Smith
  • Puya lilloi Castellanos
  • Puya lineata Mez
  • Puya llatensis L.B. Smith
  • Puya lokischmidtiae R. Vásquez & Ibisch
  • Puya longisepala Mez
  • Puya longispina Manzanares & W. Till
  • Puya longistyla Mez
  • Puya lopezii L.B. Smith
  • Puya × loxensis Manzanares & W. Till
  • Puya lutheri W. Till
  • Puya macbridei L.B. Smith
    • P. m. ssp. yungayensis W. Weber
  • Puya macropoda L.B. Smith
  • Puya macrura Mez
  • Puya maculata L.B. Smith
  • Puya mariae L.B. Smith
  • Puya medica L.B. Smith
  • Puya membranacea L.B. Smith
  • Puya meziana Wittmack
  • Puya micrantha Mez
  • Puya mima L.B. Smith & R.W. Read
  • Puya minima L.B. Smith
  • Puya mirabilis (Mez) L.B. Smith
  • Puya mitis Mez
  • Puya mollis Baker
  • Puya mucronata Manzanares
  • Puya nana Wittmack
  • Puya navarroana Manzanares & W. Till
  • Puya nigrescens L.B. Smith
  • Puya nitida Mez
    • P. n. var. glabrior L.B. Smith & R.W. Read
  • Puya nivalis Baker
  • Puya nutans L.B. Smith
  • Puya obconica L.B. Smith
  • Puya occidentalis L.B. Smith
  • Puya ochroleuca Betancur & Callejas
  • Puya olivacea Wittmack
  • Puya oxyantha Mez
  • Puya pachyphylla R. Vásquez & Ibisch
  • Puya parviflora L.B. Smith
  • Puya pattersoniae Manzanares & W. Till
  • Puya paupera Mez
  • Puya pearcei (Baker) Mez
  • Puya penduliflora L.B. Smith
  • Puya × pichinchae Mez & Sodiro
  • Puya pitcairnioides L.B. Smith
  • Puya pizarroana R. Vásquez, Ibisch & St. Beck
  • Puya ponderosa L.B. Smith
  • Puya potosina L.B. Smith
  • Puya pratensis L.B. Smith
  • Puya prosanae Ibisch & E. Gross
  • Puya pseudoeryngioides H. Luther
  • Puya pygmaea L.B. Smith
  • Puya pyramidata (Ruiz & Pavón) Schultes f.
  • Puya quillotana W. Weber
  • Puya raimondii Harms
  • Puya ramonii L.B. Smith
  • Puya ramosa L.B. Smith
  • Puya rauhii L.B. Smith
  • Puya reducta L.B. Smith
  • Puya reflexiflora Mez
  • Puya retrorsa Gilmartin
  • Puya riparia L.B. Smith
  • Puya robin-fosteri H. Luther
  • Puya roezlii E. Morren
  • Puya roldanii Betancur & Callejas
  • Puya roseana L.B. Smith
  • Puya rusbyi (Baker) Mez
  • Puya sagasteguii L.B. Smith
  • Puya sanctae-crucis (Baker) L.B. Smith
  • Puya sanctae-martae L.B. Smith
  • Puya santanderensis Cuatrecasas
  • Puya santosii Cuatrecasas
    • P. s. var. verdensis Cuatrecasas
  • Puya secunda L.B. Smith
  • Puya sehuencasensis R. Vásquez, Ibisch & R. Lara
  • Puya silvae-baccae L.B. Smith & R.W. Read
  • Puya simulans L.B. Smith
  • Puya smithii Castellanos
  • Puya sodiroana Mez
  • Puya solomonii G.S. Varadarajan
  • Puya spathacea (Grisebach) Mez
  • Puya stenothyrsa (Baker) Mez
  • Puya stipitata L.B. Smith
  • Puya strobilantha Mez
  • Puya textoragricolae W. Weber
  • Puya thomasiana André
  • Puya tillii Manzanares
  • Puya tovariana L.B. Smith
  • Puya trianae Baker
    • P. t. var. amplior L.B. Smith & R.W. Read
  • Puya tristis L.B. Smith
  • Puya trollii L.B. Smith
  • Puya tuberosa Mez
  • Puya tunarensis Mez
  • Puya ugentiana L.B. Smith
  • Puya ultima L.B. Smith
  • Puya valida L.B. Smith
  • Puya vargasiana L.B. Smith
  • Puya vasquezii Ibisch & E. Gross
  • Puya venezuelana L.B. Smith
  • Puya venusta Philippi
  • Puya vestita André
  • Puya volcanensis Castillon
  • Puya weberbaueri Mez
  • Puya weberiana E. Morren ex Mez
  • Puya weddelliana (Baker) Mez
  • Puya werneriana R.W. Read & L.B. Smith
  • Puya westii L.B. Smith
  • Puya wrightii L.B. Smith
  • Puya wurdackii L.B. Smith
  • Puya yakespala Castellanos

Cultivation and use

Some species of Puya in Chile, locally known as chagual, are used to make salads from the base of its young leaves or stem. A common species is Puya chilensis.

References
  1. Givnish, Thomas J.; Barfuss, Michael H. J.; Van Ee, Benjamin; Riina, Ricarda; Schulte, Katharina; Horres, Ralf; Gonsiska, Philip A.; Jabaily, Rachel S.; Crayn, Darren M.; Smith, J. Andrew C.; Winter, Klaus (May 2011). "Phylogeny, adaptive radiation, and historical biogeography in Bromeliaceae: Insights from an eight-locus plastid phylogeny". American Journal of Botany. 98 (5): 872–895. doi:10.3732/ajb.1000059. hdl:2027.42/142109. PMID 21613186.
  2. Gouda, E.J. & Butcher, D. (cont. updated) A List of Accepted Bromeliaceae Names [http://bromeliad.nl/bromNames/]. University Botanic Gardens, Utrecht (accessed: 20-12-2019).
  3. Hornung-Leoni, Claudia; Sosa, Victoria (2008). "Morphological phylogenetics of Puya subgenus Puya (Bromeliaceae)" (PDF). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 156: 93–110. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2007.00740.x. Retrieved 7 December 2013.
  4. Janeba, Zlatko (2017). "A New Species of Puya (Bromeliaceae) from Coastal Peru". Cactus and Succulent Journal. 89 (4): 176–184. doi:10.2985/015.089.0406.
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