Puerto Rican owl

The Puerto Rican owl (Gymnasio nudipes) or múcaro (Spanish via Taino), formerly known as the Puerto Rican screech owl, is a nocturnal endemic owl of the archipelago of Puerto Rico belonging to the genus Gymnasio of the family Strigidae. The subspecies G. n. newtoni, which was endemic to the Virgin Islands, was locally referred to as the cuckoo bird.

Puerto Rican owl
Gymnasio nudipes over a Delonix regia tree
Gymnasio nudipes newtoni
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Strigiformes
Family: Strigidae
Genus: Gymnasio
Bonaparte, 1854
Species:
G. nudipes
Binomial name
Gymnasio nudipes
Daudin, 1800
Subspecies

G. n. nudipes
G. n. newtoni

Taxonomy

The nominate form, G. n. nudipes, was originally described in 1800 by French ornithologist François Marie Daudin in Traite elementaire et complet d'Ornithologie, ou Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux as Otus nudipes. The species name, nudipes, makes reference to its bare legs and toes which are unusual among Megascops species. The recognized subspecies, G. n. newtoni, was described in 1860 by Lawrence in the Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History and is considered extinct.[2] Furthermore, the validity of this subspecies has been questioned.[3][4]

Description

The Puerto Rican owl is a small owl possessing a brown upperside, a light-brown to white underside, white brown lines and white eyebrows. Sexual dimorphism is minor in this species with females being slightly larger than males. It is usually 20 centimetres (7.9 in) to 23 centimetres (9.1 in) in length with a wingspan of 154 centimetres (61 in) to 171 centimetres (67 in) for both sexes, and weighs about 103 grams (3.6 oz) to 154 grams (5.4 oz).[5]

The species is common in the island of Puerto Rico but is extirpated at the nearby islands of Vieques and Culebra. As with the majority of birds in Puerto Rico it is believed to have been more abundant before the clearing of forests for agricultural development in the early 20th century. It inhabits forests with large hollowed trees such as the Caribbean National Forest.

The breeding season spans from April to June.[6] It nests in hollowed trunks and 1 or 2 eggs are deposited in each nest.[7]

The main diet of the species consists of large insects such as cockroaches and is complemented with coquí frog, anole lizards, geckos, small rodents, and small birds. The owl will sometimes regurgitate a mass of the undigested parts of its diet which are called pellets. The contents of the pellet include the exoskeletons of insects, indigestible plant matter, bones, fur, feathers, bills, claws, and teeth.

The species calls throughout the year while hidden in thick foliage, typically at dawn. The species makes a loud coo-coo call which is the reason for its common name in the Virgin Islands.

External audio
The Screeching Owl distinct calls may be heard here, from xeno-canto.org, retrieved 1.08.2018
  • owl at the western municipality of Aguada
  • owlet

See also

Footnotes
  1. BirdLife International (2012). "Megascops nudipes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  2. A 1995 survey in the Virgin Islands did not find any individuals.
  3. Biaggi, V. (1970). Editorial Universitaria; Universidad de Puerto Rico (eds.). Las Aves de Puerto Rico (in Spanish). Barcelona, Spain: Manuel Pareja Publ.
  4. Pardieck, Keith; Myers, J; Pagan, Michelle (1996). "Surveys of Puerto Rican Screech-Owl Populations in Large-Tract and Fragmented Forest Habitats". The Wilson Bulletin. Wilson Ornithological Society. 108 (4): 776–82. JSTOR 4163757.
  5. "Puerto Rican Screech Owl ~ Megascops nudipes". 15 October 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2016.
  6. "The Owl Pages: Puerto Rican Screech Owl - Megascops nudipes". Retrieved May 20, 2006.
  7. "Múcaro Común de Puerto Rico (in Spanish)". Retrieved August 1, 2018.

References
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