Ptak space

A locally convex topological vector space (TVS) X is B-complete or a Ptak space if every subspace ${\displaystyle Q\subseteq X^{\prime }}$ is closed in the weak-* topology on ${\displaystyle X^{\prime }}$ (i.e. ${\displaystyle X_{\sigma }^{\prime }}$ or ${\displaystyle \sigma \left(X^{\prime },X\right)}$) whenever ${\displaystyle Q\cap A}$ is closed in A (when A is given the subspace topology from ${\displaystyle X_{\sigma }^{\prime }}$) for each equicontinuous subset ${\displaystyle A\subseteq X^{\prime }}$.[1]

B-completeness is related to ${\displaystyle B_{r}}$-completeness, where a locally convex TVS X is ${\displaystyle B_{r}}$-complete if every dense subspace ${\displaystyle Q\subseteq X^{\prime }}$ is closed in ${\displaystyle X_{\sigma }^{\prime }}$ whenever ${\displaystyle Q\cap A}$ is closed in A (when A is given the subspace topology from ${\displaystyle X_{\sigma }^{\prime }}$) for each equicontinuous subset ${\displaystyle A\subseteq X^{\prime }}$.[1]

Characterizations

Let X be a locally convex TVS. Then the following are equivalent:

1. X is a Ptak space.
2. Every continuous nearly open linear map of X into any locally convex space Y is a topological homomorphism.[2]
   • A linear map ${\displaystyle u:X\to Y}$ is called nearly open if for each neighborhood U of the origin in X, ${\displaystyle u(U)}$ is dense in some neighborhood of the origin in ${\displaystyle u(X).}$

The following are equivalent:

1. X is ${\displaystyle B_{r}}$-complete.
2. Every continuous biunivocal, nearly open linear map of X into any locally convex space Y is a TVS-isomorphism.[2]

Properties

Every Ptak space is complete. However, there exist complete Hausdorff locally convex space that are not Ptak spaces.

Homomorphism Theorem — Every continuous linear map from a Ptak space onto a barreled space is a topological homomorphism.[3]

Let ${\displaystyle u}$ be a nearly open linear map whose domain is dense in a ${\displaystyle B_{r}}$-complete space X and whose range is a locally convex space Y. Suppose that the graph of u is closed in ${\displaystyle X\times Y}$. If u is injective or if X is a Ptak space then u is an open map.[4]

Examples and sufficient conditions

There exist B_r-complete spaces that are not B-complete.

Every Fréchet space is a Ptak space. And the strong dual of a reflexive Fréchet space is a Ptak space.

Every closed vector subspace of a Ptak space (resp. a B_r-complete space) is a Ptak space (resp. a ${\displaystyle B_{r}}$-complete space).[1] and every Hausdorff quotient of a Ptak space is a Ptak space.[4] If every Hausdorff quotient of a TVS X is a B_r-complete space then X is a B-complete space.

If X is a locally convex space such that there exists a continuous nearly open surjection u : P → X from a Ptak space, then X is a Ptak space.[3]

If a TVS X has a closed hyperplane that is B-complete (resp. B_r-complete) then X is B-complete (resp. B_r-complete).

See also

• Barreled space

References

1. Schaefer & Wolff 1999, p. 162.
2. Schaefer & Wolff 1999, p. 163.
3. Schaefer & Wolff 1999, p. 164.
4. Schaefer & Wolff 1999, p. 165.

Bibliography

• Husain, Taqdir; Khaleelulla, S. M. (1978). Barrelledness in Topological and Ordered Vector Spaces. Lecture Notes in Mathematics. 692. Berlin, New York, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-09096-0. OCLC 4493665.
• Khaleelulla, S. M. (1982). Counterexamples in Topological Vector Spaces. Lecture Notes in Mathematics. 936. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-11565-6. OCLC 8588370.
• Narici, Lawrence; Beckenstein, Edward (2011). Topological Vector Spaces. Pure and applied mathematics (Second ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1584888666. OCLC 144216834.
• Schaefer, Helmut H.; Wolff, Manfred P. (1999). Topological Vector Spaces. GTM. 8 (Second ed.). New York, NY: Springer New York Imprint Springer. ISBN 978-1-4612-7155-0. OCLC 840278135.

External links

• Nuclear space at ncatlab