Psilopogon

Psilopogon is a genus of Old World barbets that used to include only a single species, the fire-tufted barbet (P. pyrolophus). Results of molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate that the genus is nested within an evolutionary branch consisting of Asian barbets that were formerly placed in the genus Megalaima proposed by George Robert Gray in 1841. Since Psilopogon was proposed by Salomon Müller already in 1835, this name takes priority.[1][2]

Psilopogon
Fire-tufted barbet (Psilopogon pyrolophus)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Piciformes
Family: Megalaimidae
Genus: Psilopogon
Müller, 1836
Type species
P. pyrolophus

The name Psilopogon combines the Ancient Greek psilos meaning "bare" and pōgōn meaning "beard".[3]

Taxonomy

The type species of Psilopogon is the fire-tufted barbet proposed by Salomon Müller in 1835, who described a male barbet collected in Sumatra.[4][5]

In the 19th and 20th centuries, about 19 generic names were proposed for Asian barbet species in collections of natural history museums, including Megalaima by George Robert Gray in 1849 and Mezobucco by George Ernest Shelley in 1889.[6] Molecular phylogenetic research of Asian barbets revealed that the Megalaima species form a clade, which also includes the fire-tufted barbet. Barbets formerly placed in Megalaima were therefore reclassified under the genus Psilopogon, which now contains the following 32 species:[7]

SpeciesImageDistribution
Fire-tufted barbet (P. pyrolophus) Peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra
Coppersmith barbet (P. haemacephalus) (Statius Müller, 1776)[8] from Pakistan to the Philippines and Indonesia
White-cheeked barbet (P. viridis) (Boddaert, 1783)[9] Western Ghats and adjoining hills
Great barbet (P. virens) (Boddaert, 1783)[10] northern India, Nepal and Bhutan, Bangladesh and some parts of Southeast Asia, as far east as Laos
Brown-headed barbet (P. zeylanicus) (Gmelin, 1788) Western Ghats and hilly parts of southern peninsular India
Crimson-fronted barbet (P. rubricapillus) Gmelin, 1788) Sri Lanka
Blue-throated barbet (P. asiaticus) (Latham, 1790) Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia
Lineated barbet (P. lineatus) (Vieillot, 1816) West Bengal and Bangladesh
Yellow-fronted barbet (P. flavifrons) (Cuvier, 1816) Sri Lanka
Black-banded barbet (P. javensis) (Horsfield, 1821) Java and Bali
Yellow-eared barbet (P. australis) (Horsfield, 1821) Java and Bali
Flame-fronted barbet (P. armillaris) (Temminck, 1821) Java and Bali
Golden-whiskered barbet (P. chrysopogon) (Temminck, 1824) Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Borneo and Sumatra
Red-throated barbet (P. mystacophanos) (Temminck, 1824) Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei
Black-eared barbet (P. duvaucelii) (Lesson, 1830) Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo
Green-eared barbet (P. faiostrictus) (Temminck, 1831) southern China, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam
Brown-throated barbet (P. corvinus) (Temminck, 1831) western Java
Yellow-crowned barbet (P. henricii) (Temminck, 1831) Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand
Black-browed barbet (P. oorti) (Müller, 1836) Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula
Red-crowned barbet (P. rafflesii) (Lesson, 1839) Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, and Thailand
Golden-throated barbet (P. franklinii) (Edward Blyth, 1842)[11] Nepal, India, Bhutan, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Laos, Vietnam and mainland China
Blue-eared barbet (P. cyanotis) (Blyth, 1847) northeast India ‍and Bangladesh to peninsular Thailand
Malabar barbet (P. malabaricus) (Blyth, 1847) Western Ghats from around Goa south to southern Kerala
Taiwan barbet (P. nuchalis) (Gould, 1863) Taiwan
Red-vented barbet (P. lagrandieri) (Verreaux, 1868) Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam
Chinese barbet (P. faber) (R. Swinhoe, 1870) southern China
Moustached barbet (P. incognitus) (Hume, 1874) Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam
Golden-naped barbet (P. pulcherrimus) (Sharpe, 1888) Indonesia and Malaysia
Mountain barbet (P. monticola) (Sharpe, 1889) Borneo
Bornean barbet (P. eximius) (Sharpe, 1892) Indonesia and Malaysia, Borneo
Necklaced barbet (P. auricularis) (Robinson & Kloss, 1919) southern Laos and Vietnam
Indochinese barbet (P. annamensis) (Robinson & Kloss, 1919) Laos, Vietnam and Cambodia
Turquoise-throated barbet (P. chersonesus) (Chasen & Kloss, 1927) Thailand

Phylogeny
 
 
 
 

Coppersmith barbet

 
 
 
 

Crimson-fronted barbet

 
 

Malabar barbet

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Yellow-eared barbet

 
 

Black-eared barbet

 
 
 

Bornean barbet

 
 
 
 
 
 

Great barbet

 
 

Red-vented barbet

 
 
 

Fire-tufted barbet

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Red-throated barbet

 
 

Black-banded barbet

 
 
 

Red-crowned barbet

 
 
 
 
 
 

Flame-fronted barbet

 
 

Yellow-crowned barbet

 
 
 

Golden-naped barbet

 
 
 
 

Green-eared barbet

 
 
 
 

Lineated barbet

 
 
 

Brown-headed barbet

 
 
 

White-cheeked barbet

 
 

Yellow-fronted barbet

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Golden-throated barbet

 
 

Necklaced barbet

 
 
 
 
 
 

Brown-throated barbet

 
 
 

Golden-whiskered barbet

 
 

Golden-whiskered barbet

 
 
 
 

Mountain barbet

 
 
 
 
 

Taiwan barbet

 
 

Chinese barbet

 
 
 

Moustached barbet

 
 
 
 
 

Blue-throated barbet

 
 

Indochinese barbet

 
 
 
 

Turquoise-throated barbet

 
 

Black-browed barbet

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Relationship within the genus[1]

References
  1. Den Tex, R.-J.; Leonard, J. A. (2013). "A molecular phylogeny of Asian barbets: Speciation and extinction in the tropics". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 68 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.03.004. PMID 23511217.
  2. Ericson, P. G. P. (2012). "Evolution of terrestrial birds in three continents: biogeography and parallel radiations". Journal of Biogeography. 39 (5): 813–824. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02650.x.
  3. Jobling, J. A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 321. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.695.7104. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  4. Müller, S. (1835). "Aanteekeningen over de natuurlijke gesteldheid van een gedeelte der westkust en binnenlanden van Sumatra, met bijvoeging van eenige waarnemingen en beschrijvingen van verscheid dieren". Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie. 2: 315–355.
  5. Müller, S. (1837). Berigten over Sumatra, met eene kaart van een gedeelte van hetzelve, voornamelijk aantoonende de wegen en rivieren, welke uit de Padangsche binnenlanden naar de oostkust afloopen. Volume 18. Amsterdam: Beijerinck.
  6. Ripley, S. D. (1945). "The barbets" (PDF). The Auk. 62 (4): 542–563. doi:10.2307/4079804. JSTOR 4079804.
  7. Moyle, R. G. (2004). "Phylogenetics of barbets (Aves: Piciformes) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence data". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 30 (1): 187–200. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00179-9. PMID 15022769.
  8. Statius Müller, P. L. (1776). "Der Blutskopf. Bucco haemacephalus". Des Ritters Carl von Linné Königlich Schwedischen Leibarztes &c. &c. vollständigen Natursystems. Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs. Nürnberg: Gabriel Nicolaus Raspe. p. 88.
  9. Boddaert, P. (1783). "870. Barbu verd, Buff. XIII". Table des Planches Enluminées d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton : avec les denominations de M.M. de Buffon, Brisson, Edwards, Linnaeus et Latham, precedé d'une notice des principaux ouvrages zoologiques enluminés. Utrecht. p. 53.
  10. Boddaert, P. (1783). "871. Le grand Barbu, Buff. XIII". Table des Planches Enluminées d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton : avec les denominations de M.M. de Buffon, Brisson, Edwards, Linnaeus et Latham, precedé d'une notice des principaux ouvrages zoologiques enluminés. Utrecht. p. 53.
  11. Blyth, E. (1842). "Notes on various Indian and Malayan birds". The Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 11 (1): 160–195.
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