Prayer compensation

Prayer compensation (Arabic: قضاء الصلاة الفائتة‎) is an Islamic prayer (salat) that is performed to make up for an earlier lost and unfulfilled prayer.[1][2]

Prayer compensation
Official name	قضاء الصلاة الفائتة، تعويض الفوائت
Also called	Catch-up prayer
Observed by	Muslims
Type	Islamic
Significance	A Muslim prayer offered to God to make up for the sin of an unfulfilled prayer.
Observances	Sunnah prayers, Salah times
Related to	Salah, Nafl prayer, Five Pillars of Islam, Islamic prayers

Religious origin

The religious duty to compensate for omitted or forgotten prayers finds its framework of Islamic legislation in the Quranic verses and prophetic hadiths.[3][4]

This obligation of subsequent fulfillment and compensation is cited in the Quran into the Āyah 14 of Surah Ta-Ha:[5]

سورة طه، الآية 14: "إِنَّنِيَ أَنَا اللَّهُ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا أَنَا فَاعْبُدْنِي وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ لِذِكْرِي". ‎

English: Indeed I am Allah —there is no god except Me. So worship Me, and maintain the prayer for My remembrance.
(Quran: 20:14)

This jurisprudential opinion was based on the prophetic hadith narrated by the companion Anas ibn Malik in the Al-Mu'jam al-Awsat, which reads:[6]

Arabic hadith	English translation
Arabic: « مَنْ نَامَ عَنْ صَلَاةٍ أَوْ نَسِيَهَا فَلْيُصَلِّهَا إِذَا ذَكَرَهَا. »‎ — Hadith	English: « Whoever falls asleep from a prayer or forgot it, let him pray it if he mentioned it. » — Hadith

Juristic opinion

Making up obligatory prayers (fard) whose legal time (salah times) has passed is obligatory (wajib) immediately, whether the missed is due to an excuse that is not forfeited and canceled for prayer, or it was missed without a originally acceptable excuse, according to the agreement of three of several Imams of the Sunni schools (madhahib) of jurisprudence (fiqh).[7][8]

It is not permissible to delay making up missed prayers except for an acceptable excuse, such as striving to gain livelihood, studying the knowledge that a Muslim is obligated to do in kind for his person, and the food and sleep necessary to maintain the health and integrity of the body.[9][10]

And since delaying the prayer until its time (salah times) has ended is a major sin in Islam, the expiation for this misconduct is not only by merely performing the physical compensation of the missed rak'ahs, rather it must be associated with a correct and sincere repentance (tawbah) from this negligence and wasting the obligatory prayer (fard).[11][12]

Likewise, the sin and debt of the missed prayer does not rise by mere moral repentance without practically performing its rak'ahs, rather it is necessary to actually make up for the obligatory prayer, because one of the conditions of sincere repentance is that there should be a cessation from the sin committed, and the repentant from wasting the prayer without making up for it is considered unquestioned from his great sin.[13][14]

Missing reasons

Muslim jurists believe that the reasons and excuses that are permissible for delaying prayer beyond its time are sleep, forgetfulness, and negligence from the beginning of the time, even if that results from the shortcomings of the worshiper.[15][16][17]

The missed prayers are made up on the part of the person who has no excuses for them to waive them, for example, we find menstruating women and postpartum women do not have to make up what they missed during menstruation and postpartum after their passing, and likewise the case of the insane and the passed out do not make up the missed prayers, and the apostate if he returns to Islam is like the original infidel (kafir) who He does not have to make up for what he missed with the Maliki and Hanafi jurists.[18][19][20]

See also

• Salah
• Loud prayer
• Silent prayer

References

1. "الفقه على المذاهب الاربعة كرتونة 1/5". 22 November 2016.
2. المغربي, أبى عبدالله محمد بن محمد بن عبد الرحمن. "مواهب الجليل لشرح مختصر خليل - الجزء الثاني". ktab INC. – via Google Books.
3. http://holyquran.net/cgi-bin/almizan.pl?ch=20&vr=14
4. الجاوي ،الشيخ, محمد بن عمر نووي (January 1, 2002). "نهاية الزين شرح على قرة العين بمهمات الدين في الفقه على مذهب الإمام الشافعي". Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية – via Google Books.
5. "20vs14 | Dawahnigeria Qur'an Project". quranopedia.com.
6. القرطبي, أبي عبد الله محمد بن أحمد/الأنصاري (January 1, 2013). "تفسير القرطبي (الجامع لأحكام القرآن) 1-11 ج6". Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية – via Google Books.
7. السبكي, محمود خطاب (January 2007). "الدين الخالص أو إرشاد الخلق إلى دين الحق 1-4 ج2".
8. عفانه, حسام الدين بن موسى (January 1, 2012). "يسألونك الجزء السابع عشر". ktab INC. – via Google Books.
9. "مختصر الفقه على المذاهب الاربعة 1/3". 6 August 2020.
10. التمرتاشي, محمد بن عبد الله/الخطيب (January 1, 2017). "تنوير الأبصار وجامع البحار في الفقه على المذهب الحنفي". Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية – via Google Books.
11. "عوارض الاهلية عند الاصزليين واثرها على العبادات".
12. الحنفي/الحصكفي, محمد بن علي بن محمد (January 1, 2019). "الدر المختار شرح تنوير الأبصار وجامع البحار 1-2 ج1". Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية – via Google Books.
13. "الذخيرة في فروع المالكية 1-11 مع الفهارس ج2". January 2016.
14. العجيلي/الجمل, سليمان بن عمر بن منصور (January 1, 2013). "حاشية الجمل على شرح المنهج 1-8 ج1". Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية – via Google Books.
15. شرح بلوغ المرام من أدلة الأحكام 1-6 ج1. January 2008. ISBN 9782745157362.
16. البغوي, أبي محمد الحسين بن مسعود/الفراء (January 1, 1997). "التهذيب في فقه الإمام الشافعي 1-8 ج3". Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية – via Google Books.
17. عناية ،الشيخ, أحمد عزو (January 1, 2003). "الرخص الفقهية في ضوء الكتاب والسنة". Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية – via Google Books.
18. شرف/النووي, محيي الدين أبي زكريا يحيى بن (January 1, 2011). "المجموع شرح المهذب 1-27 ج4". Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية – via Google Books.
19. السبكي, محمود خطاب (January 1, 2007). "الدين الخالص أو إرشاد الخلق إلى دين الحق 1-4 ج2". Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية – via Google Books.
20. "دليل المسلمين شرح رياض الصالحين 1-3 ج3" – via books.google.dz.