Power sector of Andhra Pradesh

Power sector of Andhra Pradesh is divided into 4 categories namely Regulation, Generation, Transmission and Distribution. Andhra Pradesh Electricity Regulatory Commission (APERC) is the regulatory body.[1] APGENCO deals with the electricity production and also maintenance, proposes new projects and upgrades existing ones as well.[2] The APGENCO also set up a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV), named as Andhra Pradesh Power Development Company Limited (APPDCL), a joint venture company of APGENCO (with 50% equity) and IL&FS (50% equity) to set up Krishnapatanam thermal power project (2x800 MW).[3]

APTRANSCO is set up for transmission of power.[4] Power distribution in the state is divided into two divisions, namely Eastern Power Distribution Corporation Limited (EPDCL) and Southern Power Distribution Corporation Limited (SPDCL), which distributes the power to the households and the industries.[5] APGENCO, APPDCL, NTPC and other private firms contribute to the generation of power in the state of Andhra Pradesh.[6][7][8] Andhra Pradesh has become the second state in India to achieve 100% electrification of all households.[9] Weighted average cost of power generation and purchases is INR 3.45 per kWh which is highest in the country.[10] Andhra Pradesh is also leader by installing 433 nos electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) out of 927 nos installed in the entire country as on 30 June 2020.[11]

The newly formed Andhra Pradesh Green Energy Corporation Limited (APGECL), a 100% subsidiary of Andhra Pradesh Power Generation Company Limited (APGENCO), will be the executing agency for setting up the 10 GW solar project in a phased manner and for connecting it to the grid. The 10 GW solar projects would be used to meet the entire agriculture power consumption which will be met during the day time for nine hours duration daily.[12] Andhra Pradesh is also leading in installation of solar power /off grid agriculture pump sets.[13] A renewable energy export policy for Andhra Pradesh was also announced to facilitate the setting up of 120 GW solar, wind and solar-wind hybrid energy parks by using 0.5 million acres of land.[14]

The total installed utility power generation capacity is nearly 24,854 MW in the state as of 31 March 2020[15] APtransCo has made long term power purchase agreements for 19,068 MW as of 31 March 2019.[16][17] The per capita electricity consumption is 1234 units with 63,143 million KWh gross electricity supplied in the year 2018–19.[16][18] The performance of Krishnapatanam thermal power station (2X800 MW) with super critical pressure technology is not satisfactory even after one year commercial operation as the units rarely operate at rated capacity forcing the state to purchase costly power from day ahead trading in IEX.[19][20]

Power sector of Andhra Pradesh flow chart

Dr Narla Tata Rao Thermal Power Station (500 MW Unit)

Non-renewable

Thermal power

Krishnapatnam

Ibrahimpatnam

Parawada

Muddanur

Thamminapatnam

Pudimadaka

Polaki

Map of coal based thermal power plants in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Blue are operational and Red are proposed[21]

Thermal power plants are based on the fuel coal, gas, diesel etc. Public sector undertaking NTPC, state level power generating companies and private firms are engaged in this sector for power generation.

Currently operating coal based thermal power plants in Andhra Pradesh are listed below.[22][23]

Name	Operator	Location	District	Sector	Capacity (MW)	Coordinates
Simhadri Super Thermal Power Plant	NTPC	Parawada	Visakhapatnam	Central	2,000	17°35′38″N 83°5′23″E
Dr Narla Tatarao TPS	APGENCO	Vijayawada	Krishna	State	1,760	16°35′58″N 80°32′12″E
Rayalaseema Thermal Power Station[24]	APGENCO	Muddanur	Kadapa	State	1,650	14°42′14″N 78°27′29″E
Sri Damodaram Sanjeevaiah Thermal Power Station	APPDCL	Krishnapatnam	Nellore	Joint	1,600	14°19′39″N 80°07′15″E
Vizag Thermal Power Station	Hinduja	Gajuwaka	Visakhapatnam	Private	1,040	17°33′45″N 83°8′15″E
Simhapuri Thermal Power Station	SEPL	Krishnapatanam	Nellore	Private	600	14°12′35″N 80°05′23″E
Meenakshi Thermal Power Station	MEPL	Krishnapatanam	Nellore	Private	1,000	14°12′57″N 80°05′19″E
Sembcorp Energy India Limited	SEIL	Krishnapatanam	Nellore	Private	1,320	14°19′45″N 80°08′27″E
SGPL Power Station	SGPL	Krishnapatanam	Nellore	Private	1,320	14°21′5″N 80°08′37″E
TOTAL					12,290

Gas fuel-based

Map of currently operating combined cycle gas turbine power plants in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh

The following are the list of presently installed combined cycle gas turbine power plants and diesel engine power plants in the state. However many of these power plants are not operating due to non-availability of natural gas and high cost of liquid fuels.[25]

Power station	Operator	Location	District	Sector	Capacity (MW)	Plant Coordinates
APGPCL Plant	APGPCL	Vijjeswaram	W. Godavari	Joint	272	16°56′02″N 81°43′27″E
Lanco Kondapalli Power Plant	Lanco Infratech	Kondapalli	Krishna	Private	1466	16°38′20″N 80°33′00″E
Gautami Combined Cycle Power Plant	GVK	Peddapuram	E. Godavari	Private	464	17°02′21″N 82°08′43″E
Konaseema Combined Cycle Power Plant	Konaseema Gas Power Limited (KGPL)	Ravulapalem	E. Godavari	Private	445	16°44′05″N 81°51′44″E
Vemagiri Combined Cycle Power Plant	GMR	Vemagiri	E. Godavari	Private	370	16°55′29″N 81°48′46″E
GMR Rajamundry Combined Cycle Power Plant[26]	GMR	Vemagiri	E. Godavari	Private	768	16°55′28″N 81°48′46″E
Samarlakota Combined Cycle Power Plant	Reliance	Samarlakota	E. Godavari	Private	2620	17°02′19″N 82°08′05″E
Godavari Gas Power Plant[27]	APGENCO	Jegurupadu	E. Godavari	State	216	16°55′55″N 81°51′37″E
Jegurupadu Combined Cycle Power Plant	GVK	Jegurupadu	E. Godavari	Private	229	16°55′54″N 81°51′36″E
Spectrum Combined Cycle Power Plant	Spectrum	Kakinada	E. Godavari	Private	209	17°03′31″N 82°18′34″E
GMR (barge mounted) Power Plant	GMR	Kakinada	E. Godavari	Private	237	17°03′32″N 82°18′33″E
LVS Diesel Engine Power Station	Greenko	Vishakhapatnam	Visakhapatnam	Private	37	17°50′45″N 83°14′13″E
Panduranga CCPP	PESPL	Annadevarapeta	W. Godavari	Private	116	17°07′45″N 81°36′09″E
RVK Energy power plant[28]	KSK Energy Ventures	Rajahmundry	E. Godavari	Private	436
Sriba power plant	Sriba industries	Chigurukota	Krishna	Private	30
Silkroad sugar power plant	EID Parry	Kakinada	E. Godavari	Private	35
Srivathsa Power plant	Asian Genco			Private	17
Total					7,967

Renewable

Hydroelectric

This is the list of major hydroelectric power plants in Andhra Pradesh.[29]

Srisailam Dam

Srisailam right bank power house

Power station name	Operator	Location	Sector	Unit wise Capacity MW	Capacity MW[20]
Donkarayi PH	APGENCO	E. Godavari	State	1x25	25.00
Hampi canal Power House (PH)	APGENCO	Joint project of AP, TS & Karnataka Located in Karnataka	State	4 x 9 (AP Share-28.8)	28.80
Lower Sileru PH	APGENCO	E. Godavari	State	4 x 115	460.00
Machkund PH	APGENCO	Joint project of AP, TS & Odisha Located in Odisha	State	3 x 17 + 3 x 23 (AP Share-84)	84.00
Nagarjuna Sagar Right Canal PH	APGENCO	Nagarjuna Sagar Dam, Guntur district	State	3 x 30	90.00
Nagarjuna Sagar tail pond PH	APGENCO	Nagarjuna Sagar Dam, Guntur district	State	2 x 25	50.00
Penna Ahobilam PH	APGENCO	Korrakodu, Anantapur district	State	2 x 10	20.00
Srisailam Right Bank PH	APGENCO	Srisailam, Kurnool	State	7 x 110	770.00
TB Dam PH	APGENCO	Joint project of AP, TS & Karnataka Located in Karnataka	State	4 × 9 (AP Share-28.8)	28.80
Upper Sileru PH	APGENCO	Visakhapatnam	State	4 x 60	240.00
Somasila PH	Balaji Energy	Nellore	Private	2 x 5[30]	10.00
Chettipeta Mini Hydel[31]	APGENCO	West Godavari district	State	2x0.5	1.00
Polavaram Hydro-Electric project	APGENCO	Anguluru, East Godavari district	State	12 x 80 Under Construction[32]
Pinnapuram Pumped Storage Project	Greenko Energy	near Nandyal, Kurnool district	Private	4 x 240, 2 x 120 Under Construction[33][34]
Veeraballi Pumped Storage Project	Astha Green	near Veeraballi, Kadapa district	Private	2720 MW Under investigation[35]
Overall capacity in (MW)[17]					1807.60

Pumped storage hydroelectricity projects

Pumped hydroelectric energy storage (PHES) projects with high water head are the cheap means of converting intermittent renewable power generation sources like solar PV or wind power in to base load supply for round the clock needs through out the year.[36][37] AP state is endowed with vast PHES potential adequate to utilise its vast solar PV power generation potential (above 1,000,000 MW installed on 20,000 km² marginal lands) to meet ultimate green energy requirements of its peak population (60 million).[38][39] AP is considering on a major scale to install PHES projects to make available the surplus wind / solar power during the peak load hours.[40][41] PHESs also generate income, in addition to hydroelectricity cess/royalty, to the state in the form of water use charges at commercial rates for the evaporation loss or consumptive water from the reservoirs. The area occupied by the high head PHES is less than the area occupied by the equivalent battery energy storage system (BESS) housed in a three storied building. High head PHES installation cost (< US$ 40 per KWh) is less than the cost of land and buildings required to house the equivalent BESS.[42][43] PHES are more suitable in India where energy and water storage needs are complementary.[43][44] Unlike the static BESS, the rotating turbo-generator of a PHES will enhance dynamic inertia (GD²) of the grid which contributes to a stable grid to ride through the power disturbances when power generation in the grid is dominated by the static solar PV power.[45] Variable speed PHES plants also deliver the power grid ancillary services.[46] In high head PHES, unlined pressure tunnels/shafts are constructed to the extent feasible for reducing construction cost.[47]

Blast-hole drilling at an opencast mine.

The water reservoir of a PHES is created by building embankment dams wherever required up to the required height and length. The rock required for building the dams is excavated from the reservoir area. Cheaper drilling and blasting method is extensively used deploying state of the art earth moving equipment because huge quantity of rock excavation is required for the construction of the rock-fill dams.[48][49]

A rock-fill embankment dam.

Polavaram right bank PHES: A 103,000 MW PHES project is under investigation with an upper reservoir, located near Parantapalle hamlet in West Godavari district, with 90 tmcft live storage at 700 m msl full reservoir level (FRL). The turkey-nest type upper reservoir is 18 km long from north to south and 1.1 km wide and its water surface area is 16 km² with 200 m water depth and nearly 90 tmcft live storage.[50] The adjacent Polavaram reservoir at FRL 45 m msl with 194 tmcft gross storage is the lower reservoir as perennial water source. The average water head available is 600 m with a provision to draw 33 tmcft/day from the Polavaram reservoir by the PHES units located in semi open or underground power houses. To run the PHES on daily basis, the lower reservoir is to be kept empty by 33 tmcft below its FRL for holding the water released by PHES in generation mode. Another 33 tmcft is used to compensate the loss of storage capacity in the lower reservoir. This buffer storage is released in to lower reservoir for irrigation, etc needs once in a year at the end of monsoon year and it is replenished at the earliest from the flood water inflows into the lower reservoir. Also seepage and evaporation losses from the upper reservoir are met from the buffer storage sourced from flood waters and not drawn from the lower reservoir storage. The excess buffer storage maintained in this upper reservoir can also serve up to 24 tmcft for other PHESs in the state which are using Godavari basin water and have no buffer storage of their own (ex: Jalaput PHES). The upper reservoir can be further expanded by 3.5 km length on its south side to enhance the live / buffer storage substantially. The PHES project can produce 412 billion KWh at 4000 hours/year or 12 hours/day operation in generation mode by consuming the surplus power generated from the solar and wind power plants during the day time. This PHES can also moderate the severe floods by utilizing empty volume kept in the lower reservoir or operating in pump mode (maximum 7.63 lakh cusecs) to fill the upper reservoir. In case of emergency / repairs, the entire water storage in the upper reservoir can be emptied safely into the lower reservoir / river within 24 hours by running the PHES in generation mode.

Srisailam right bank PHES: A 77,000 MW PHES project is feasible with an upper reservoir, located on the right bank side within 1000 m distance of Srisailam reservoir, with 87 tmcft live storage at 650 m msl FRL. The reservoir bunds are constructed on 500 m msl contour line by 155 m high and the water surface area of the upper reservoir is nearly 20 km². The adjacent Srisailam reservoir at FRL 270 m msl with 185 tmcft live storage is the lower reservoir with perennial water source. The average water head available is 340 m with provision to draw water from the Srisailam reservoir by the PHES units located in semi open or underground power houses. The PHES project can produce 308 billion KWh at 4000 hours/year or 12 hours/day operation in generation mode. Only 43.5 tmcft (50%) reservoir storage is used for power generation on daily basis and the remaining half kept as buffer storage to compensate the loss of storage in downstream reservoir due to PHES by releasing water once in a year in to the Srisailam reservoir to meet irrigation water requirements. The buffer storage is replenished later at the earliest during the monsoon/floods. This PHES can also moderate the severe floods by utilizing empty volume kept in the lower reservoir or operating in pump mode (maximum 10 lakh cusecs) to fill the upper reservoir.

Feasible PHES projects:

List of feasible PHES locations

PHES name/ lower reservoir	Power potential (MW)	Power generation (Billion KWh/yr)	Upper reservoir							Average water head (meters)	Remarks
			Location	Coordinate	River basin	Water area (km^2)	Live storage (tmcft)	FRL (m msl)	MDDL (m msl)
Gandikota PHES1	28,000	112	Kadapa district	14°49′47″N 78°13′41″E	Penna	21	52	435	335	210	Buffer storage 26 tmcft provided. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 2.1 km.
Gandikota PHES2[51]	600	1.12	Kadapa district	14°46′29″N 78°17′7″E	Penna	1	0.16	515	505	303	It is a peaking PHES with six hours daily operation in generation mode. No buffer storage provided. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 2.8 km.
Paidipalem PHES1	1,850	7.4	Kadapa district	14°43′47″N 78°11′9″E	Penna	1	2.5	600	510	285	Buffer storage 1.25 tmcft provided. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 3.1 km.
Paidipalem PHES2	2,750	11	Kadapa district	14°41′21″N 78°13′25″E	Penna	1.5	3.7	600	500	285	Buffer storage 1.85 tmcft provided. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 2.9 km.
Buggavanka PHES	600	2.4	Kadapa district	14°24′5″N 78°52′15″E	Penna	0.8	0.9	470	410	260	Buffer storage 0.45 tmcft provided. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 3.5 km.
Annamayya PHES[52]	1150	4.6	Kadapa district	14°12′25″N 78°57′51″E	Penna	1.1	1.6	555	455	285	Buffer storage 0.8 tmcft provided. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 6 km.
Mylavaram PHES	14,000	56	Kadapa district	14°48′1″N 78°16′35″E	Penna	9	20	500	375	275	Buffer storage 10 tmcft provided. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 3.7 km.
Brahmamsagar PHES	13,000	52	Kadapa district	14°46′27″N 78°52′3″E	Penna	9.5	38	400	250	130	Buffer storage 19 tmcft provided. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 1.5 km.
Telugu Ganga subsidiary reservoirs PHES	2,600	10.4	Kurnool district	14°51′25″N 78°43′51″E	Penna	4	8	400	250	120	Buffer storage 4 tmcft provided. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 1.5 km.
Owk PHES1	4,700	18.8	Kurnool district	15°14′51″N 78°2′49″E	Penna	100	210	500	350	220	Works on seasonal basis to store 201.7 tmcft Krishna and Godavari waters as well as on daily basis. The stored water is also used as carryover storage to meet the water shortages in drought years. Buffer storage 4.15 tmcft included. This upper reservoir will supply irrigation water to Handri catchment area in Kurnool district and left bank side of Penna river in Ananthapur district including water supply augmentation to Handri-Neeva project. This upper reservoir is so planned by its area location to cut across the local Erramala hill range from east to west to supply irrigation water mostly by gravity. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 5.7 km.
Owk PHES2 [53]	800	1.65	Kurnool district	15°9′37″N 78°4′5″E	Penna	0.6	0.4	400	380	165	Peaking PHES for 6 hours daily operation. No Buffer storage provided. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 1.5 km.
Gorakallu PHES	12,500	50	Kurnool district	15°35′33″N 78°22′17″E	Penna	37	100	450	300	170	Works on seasonal basis to store 71.4 tmcft Krishna and Godavari waters and otherwise as PHES on daily basis. The stored water is also used as carryover storage to meet the water shortages in drought years. Buffer storage 14.28 tmcft included. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 2.3 km.
Velugodu PHES	7,800	31	Kurnool district	15°42′21″N 78°39′25″E	Penna	40	100	420	270	100	Works on seasonal basis to store 70 tmcft Krishna and Godavari waters and otherwise as PHES on daily basis. The stored water is also used as carryover storage to meet the water shortages in drought years. Buffer storage 15 tmcft included. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 3.1 km.
Mid Pennar PHES	2,600	10.4	Anantapur district	14°52′47″N 77°23′27″E	Penna	3.75	10	525	375	100	Buffer storage 5 tmcft included. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 0.7 km.
Chitravati PHES[54]	500	0.95	Anantapur district	14°34′27″N 77°56′3″E	Penna	0.5	0.21	475	455	176	Peaking load PHES. No buffer storage included. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 0.81 km.
Somasila PHES[55]	1,200	2.3	Nellore district	14°30′57″N 79°16′25″E	Penna	1	0.18	624	600	511	Peaking load PHES. No buffer storage included. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 2.9 km.
Kalyani PHES	3,700	14.8	Chittoor district	13°43′9″N 79°18′47″E	Swarnamukhi	1.5	1.8	1100	1000	790	Buffer storage 0.9 tmcft included. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 7.5 km. The upper reservoir of the PHES can also supply water to Tirumala in case of water shortages.
Yeleru PHES	5,500	22	East Godavari district	17°20′1″N 82°9′23″E	Yeleru	2.00	5.3	500	350	400	Buffer storage 2.65 tmcft included. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 5.5 km.
Tandava PHES	9,200	36.8	Visakhapatnam district	17°43′35″N 82°27′47″E	Tandava	1.50	4	1050	850	875	Buffer storage 2 tmcft included. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 7.5 km.
Raiwada PHES	2,350	9.4	Visakhapatnam district	18°3′17″N 82°54′55″E	Sarada	0.50	2	635	485	450	Buffer storage 1 tmcft included. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 4.85 km.
Pedderu PHES	1,425	5.5	Visakhapatnam district	17°52′37″N 82°40′9″E	Sarada	0.25	0.7	950	850	780	Buffer storage 0.35 tmcft included. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 3.1 km. Water to rock ratio at least 2.
Konam PHES	2,200	8.8	Visakhapatnam district	17°55′47″N 82°40′19″E	Sarada	1.2	1.7	725	625	495	Buffer storage 0.85 tmcft included. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 5.8 km.
NTR PHES	650	2.6	Visakhapatnam district	17°57′35″N 82°46′35″E	Sarada	0.2	0.4	775	700	640	Buffer storage 0.2 tmcft included. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 2.6 km.
Varaha PHES	1,300	4.2	Visakhapatnam district	17°49′25″N 82°42′5″E	Varaha	0.52	0.75	820	750	660	Buffer storage 0.37 tmcft included. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 3.6 km. Water to rock ratio at least 2.
Tatipudi PHES	9,000	36	Vizianagaram district	18°15′25″N 83°8′41″E	Gosthani	2	6.5	700	500	535	Buffer storage 3.25 tmcft included. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 7.5 km.
Andra PHES	2,500	10	Vizianagaram district	18°22′7″N 83°9′55″E	Champavati	0.7	1.8	800	710	520	Buffer storage 0.9 tmcft included. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 4.3 km.
Peddagadda PHES	3,100	12.4	Vizianagaram district	18°23′41″N 83°4′41″E	Nagavali	1.8	2	790	650	600	Buffer storage 1 tmcft included. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 7 km.
Vengalaraya Sagar PHES	2,250	9	Vizianagaram district	18°37′7″N 83°14′55″E	Nagavali	0.5	2	660	510	430	Buffer storage 1 tmcft included. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 2.65 km. Water to rock ratio at least 2.
Vattigedda PHES	1,250	5	Vizianagaram district	18°49′41″N 83°37′23″E	Nagavali	0.9	1.8	440	290	255	Buffer storage 0.9 tmcft included. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 2.85 km. Water to rock ratio at least 2.
Nagavali PHES	250	1	Vizianagaram district	18°36′57″N 83°50′1″E	Nagavali	4	10	300	140	200	Pumps water @ 5500 cusecs on seasonal basis to store 9.75 tmcft Nagavali river flood waters. The stored water during monsoon months is released back in later months during the night time for irrigation needs. Rest of the year, PHES works on daily basis to generate power during night time. The stored water is also used as carryover storage to meet the water shortages in drought years. A new barrage with 0.25 tmcft live storage will be constructed near 18°32′57″N 83°48′5″E across the Nagavali river to divert water to the tunnel of the PHES. Buffer storage 0.25 tmcft included. Distance between the upper reservoir and the river is nearly 8.25 km.
Jhanjavati PHES	2,350	9.4	Vizianagaram district	18°53′7″N 83°23′51″E	Nagavali	0.5	1.5	530	330	300	No buffer storage required as the lower reservoir is not used presently. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 2.37 km. Water to rock ratio at least 2. The unused reservoir area on the right of the Jhanjavati river is isolated from the river by constructing a 2.2 km long earth bund upto 150 m msl to create 1.5 tmcft water storage for using as lower reservoir.
Hiramandalam PHES[56]	2,500	10	Srikakulam district	18°41′19″N 83°52′57″E	Vamsadhara	3	7	240	90	135	3.5 tmcft buffer storage included. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 4.5 km.
Gotta barrage PHES[57]	750	1.5	Srikakulam district	18°41′39″N 84°1′15″E	Vamsadhara	40	80	220	70	135	The main purpose of this PHES is to store up to 79 tmcft flood waters which are going waste to the sea every year. The stored water is also used as carryover storage to meet the water shortages in drought years. The PHES pumps flood water @ 23,000 cusecs from the Vamsdhara river during the monsoon months and works as PHES rest of the year. Buffer storage 0.5 tmcft included. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 7.3 km. The upper reservoir of this PHES can also be connected to the Hiramandalam reservoir at 18°40′5″N 83°56′37″E (20 tmcft storage) by 9 km long tunnels to use 16.5 tmcft per day by installing a 10,000 MW PHES to generate power for nine months duration in a year when the reservoir is empty by 16.5 tmcft or more.
Kumbum PHES	2,200	8.8	Prakasam district	15°37′35″N 79°5′1″E	Gundlakamma	5.5	5.8	380	255	140	Buffer storage 2.9 tmcft included. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 2.3 km.
Nallamala Sagar PHES1	26,500	106	Prakasam district	15°40′37″N 79°5′5″E	Gundlakamma	77	84.5	380	240	120	Buffer storage 42.25 tmcft included. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 2 km.
Nallamala Sagar PHES2	900	3.6	Prakasam district	15°39′25″N 79°4′23″E	Gundlakamma	1.5	2.5	380	230	130	Buffer storage 1.25 tmcft included. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 1.75 km.
Nagarjuna Sagar Dam Right Bank PHES	1,500	1.5	Kurnool district	16°5′39″N 78°54′51″E	Krishna	-	-	270	245	90	Mainly works to pump water from existing Nagarjunasagar reservoir into existing Srisailam reservoir on seasonal basis to store Krishna and Godavari waters and otherwise as PHES on daily basis. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 3.1 km.
Nagarjuna Sagar Right Bank PHES1	37,000	148	Prakasam district	16°5′51″N 78°55′51″E	Krishna	8	34	650	500	425	Buffer storage 17 tmcft provided. Minimum level to be maintained in Nagarjunasagar reservoir is 164 m msl. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 1.1 km.
Nagarjuna Sagar Right Bank PHES2	112,000	448	Prakasam district	16°7′45″N 78°56′19″E	Krishna	21	101	650	500	425	Buffer storage 55.5 tmcft provided. Minimum level to be maintained in Nagarjunasagar reservoir is 164 m msl. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 1.5 km.
Nagarjuna Sagar Right Bank PHES3	66,000	264	Prakasam district	16°10′7″N 78°55′35″E	Krishna	11	59	650	500	428	Buffer storage 29.5 tmcft provided. Minimum level to be maintained in Nagarjunasagar reservoir is 164 m msl and corresponding loss of live storage located below this level in Nagarjunasagar reservoir can be included in buffer storage of PHESs. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 2.9 km.
Nagarjuna Sagar tail pond PHES	1,500	1.0	Guntur district	16°34′39″N 79°20′25″E	Krishna	-	-	180	164	105	Mainly works to pump water from existing Nagarjuna Sagar tail pond into existing Nagarjunasagar reservoir on seasonal basis to store Krishna and Godavari waters and otherwise as PHES on daily basis.
Pulichintala Right Bank PHES	300	0.2	Guntur district	16°37′49″N 79°31′11″E	Krishna	-	2	75	72	25	Mainly works to pump water from existing Pulichintala reservoir into existing Nagarjuna Sagar tail pond on seasonal basis to store Krishna and Godavari waters and otherwise as PHES on daily basis.
Vykuntapuram PHES	400	0.2	Guntur district	16°46′43″N 80°3′55″E	Krishna	-	-	55	50	25	Mainly works to pump water from back waters of new Vykuntapuram barrage across Krishna river upstream of Prakasam Barrage to existing Pulichintala reservoir on seasonal basis to store Krishna and Godavari waters and otherwise as PHES on daily basis.
Jalaput PHES	65,000	260	Visakhapatnam district	18°26′53″N 82°28′11″E	Sileru	-	31.5	838.4	818.6	380	The PHES is constructed by connecting existing Jalaput reservoir with existing Balimela Reservoir (MDDL at 439 m msl, FRL at 462 m msl and live storage 95 tmcft) by 13 km long gravity tunnels (both penstock and tail race tunnels) with underground power station at 310 meters below the 738 m msl local ground level.
Donkarayi PHES	35,000	140	Visakhapatnam district	17°54′47″N 81°51′45″E	Sileru	20	26	900	750	550	13 tmcft buffer storage provided. The buffer storage can be enhanced by another 35 tmcft by increasing the FRL to 950 m msl to serve other PHES which are using Godavari water. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 3.7 km.
Bhupathipalem PHES	800	3.2	East Godavari district	17°28′35″N 81°47′49″E	Godavari	1	1	540	480	310	0.5 tmcft buffer storage provided. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 4.5 km.
Polavaram Left bank PHES1	43,000	172	East Godavari district	17°29′51″N 81°27′53″E	Godavari	5	18	600	450	470	The required 18 tmcft buffer storage is provided in other PHESs located in the Godavari river basin. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 3.1 km.
Polavaram Left bank PHES2	12,000	48	East Godavari district	17°29′15″N 81°31′37″E	Godavari	2	4.5	600	450	530	The required 4.5 tmcft buffer storage is provided in other PHESs located in the Godavari river basin. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 1.7 km.
Rayalaseema PHES	6,200	24.8	Chittoor district	13°44′25″N 79°12′5″E	Penna	6	2.1	610	600	550	The main purpose of this PHES is to transfer Krishna and Godavari waters @ 50,000 cusecs to high lands of Rayalaseema with only one lift from 80 m msl 13°57′47″N 79°32′5″E near Venkatagiri town in Nellore district to the upper reservoir at 610 m msl in Chittoor district to irrigate by gravity canal vast high lands in Rayalaseema region up to Bhairivani tippa reservoir on Vedavathi River in Ananthapur district. This underground power station will also work as PHES. PHES power house is to be located underground 550 m below the local ground at 13°44′39″N 79°12′27″E with 41 km long tail race gravity tunnel.
Polavaram right bank PHES	103,000	412	West Godavari district	17°27′33″N 81°29′43″E	Godavari	16	90	700	500	600	57 tmcft buffer storage available. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 1.7 km.
Srisailam right bank PHES	77,000	308	Kurnool district	16°02′33″N 78°30′51″E	Krishna	20	87	650	500	340	43.5 tmcft buffer storage included. Distance between the two reservoirs is nearly 1.1 km.
Total	725,550	2,900	-	-	-	460	1225	-	-	-

Notes: Power potential (MW) is in generation mode, MDDL→ Minimum Draw Down Level or lowest bed level of the reservoir, FRL→ Full Reservoir Level, m msl→ meters above mean sea level. The total water storage includes nearly 432 tmcft irrigation component. PHES water storage is 793 tmcft only. The PHES land requirement is nearly 1% of the land required (41,250 km²) for equivalent electricity generation by Solar PV power plants.[43] The power potential doubles in case of pumping operation for six hours in a day for the same water storage.

Solar

Nambulapulakunta

Vinukonda

Kovvur

Galiveedu

Pinnapuram

Nagalapuram

Kalyandurg

Nallapadu

Jaggayapeta

Nagarimadugu

Map of currently operating and proposed Solar power plants in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Green are currently Operating and blue are proposed.

The state has total installed solar power capacity of 3,750 MW as of 31 December 2020.[58][59][60][61][62] The state is planning to add 10,050 MW solar power capacity to provide power supply to farming sector during the day time.[63][64] Out of 10,050 MW, 6,400 MW capacity at 10 sites were offered for bidding. The winning tariffs are Rs 2.50 per unit which are at least 25% more than the earlier awarded tariffs of Rs 2 per unit in the year 2020 even after reducing scope of work, providing the land on lease, allowing state guarantee for the timely payment for the power purchased, etc.[65] The state has offered five Ultra Mega Solar Power Projects with a total capacity of 12,200 MW to developers under renewable power export policy outside the state.[66][67][68][69][70]

Name	Operator	Location	District	Sector	Installed Capacity (MW)
NP Kunta Ultra Mega Solar Power Project	Many	Nambulapulakunta	Anantapur district	central	1004
Kurnool Ultra Mega Solar Park[71]	NTPC	Pinnapuram	Kurnool district	central	1,000
Ananthapuramu - II Mega Solar Park[72]	APGENCO	Talaricheruvu	Anantapur district	state	400
Mudasarlova Reservoir Solar Park	APGENCO	Visakhapatnam	Visakhapatnam district	state	2
Kadapa Ultra Mega Solar Park[73]	ENGIE	Ponnampalle, Mylavaram mandal	Kadapa district	state	250
Amruth Solar Power Plant[74]	Amrit Jal Ventures	Kadiri	Anantapur district	private	1
MEIL solar thermal[75]	Megha Engineering & Infrastructures Limited	Nagalapuram	Anantapur district		50
Galiveedu Solar Park[76]		Marrikommadinne, Galiveedu mandal	Kadapa district		400
Banaganapalle solar	Welspun	Vemulapadu, Banaganapalle mandal	Kurnool district		70
Hindupur solar	ACME	Patraganipalle, Hindupur mandal	Anantapur district		50
Yadiki solar	Azure Power	Vemulapadu, Yadiki mandal	Anantapur district		50
Kuppam solar	ACME	Morsanapalli, Kuppam mandal	Chittoor district	Private	40
Parigi solar	First Solar	Beechiganipalle, Parigi mandal	Anantapur district		40

Windpower

Kolimigundla

Atmakur

Puthlur

Ramagiri

Nallakonda

Gandikota

Tirumala

Srisailam

Araku

Map of currently operating and proposed Wind power plants[77] in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh

The state has total installed wind power capacity of 4,079 MW as on 29 February 2020.[58][59][60][78][79]

Name	Operator	Location	District	Sector	Unit wise Capacity (MW)	Installed Capacity (MW)
Ramagiri Wind Mills[80]	APGENCO	Ramagiri	Anantapur	State	10x0.2	2.00
Narmada Wind farm[81]	CLP Wind Farms (India) Private Ltd.	Nallakonda	Anantapur	Private	1 x 50.4	50.04
Puthlur RCI Wind farm[82]	Wescare (India) Ltd.	Puthlur	Anantapur	Private	1 x 20	20.00

Other utility power plants

In addition to above projects, there are nearly 103 MW small Hydro plants, nearly 490 MW bagasse, industrial & municipal waste, bio-mass co-generation, & bio-mass based power projects, nearly 78.79 mini power plants (grid connected) and nearly 67.20 MW other (grid connected) plants based on isolated gas wells, etc. in private sector.[58][29] These power plants are not covering captive power capacity in various industries that are not grid connected. In addition, there are innumerable diesel generator sets installed in the state for stand by supply and emergency power supply needs during power outages.

Transmission system

The state has well spread transmission system. APTransCo / DisComs owned and operated transmission lines from 400 kV to 11 kV are 231,127 circuit kilometres excluding the HT lines owned and operated by PGCIL in the state.[83][84] For importing and exporting power, the state grid is well interconnected with adjoining western and eastern regional grids in addition to adjoining state grids.[85] The spread of high voltage transmission lines (≥ 11 kV) is such that it can form a square matrix of area 1.93 km² (i.e. on average, at least one HT line within 0.7 km vicinity) in 160,205 km² total area of the state. DisComs owned and operated LT lines (below 11 kV) are 292,158 circuit kilometres. It represents that there is at least one HT or LT line availability on average within the vicinity of 306 meters in the entire state area. The state has 3183 nos substations (≥ 33 kV) which represents one substation in every 50.33 km² area on average (i.e. one substation with in 3.6 km distance on average).[17] However the maximum peak load met is 9,453 MW as of 14 October 2018.[59] Huge installed capacity of the transmission network and the substations is being underutilized with low demand factor.

See also

• Transmission system performance parameters
• Grid energy storage
• HVDC Sileru–Barsoor
• List of power stations in India
• Electricity sector in India
• Energy policy of India
• List of largest power stations in the world
• States of India by installed power capacity

References

1. "Regulatory body of AP power sector". Andhra Pradesh Electricity Regulatory Commission. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
2. "APGENGO overview". APGENCO. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
3. "APGENCO and APPDCL". apgenco. Archived from the original on 12 June 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
4. "APTRANSCO". Transmission Corporation of AP. Archived from the original on 20 June 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
5. "Consumer wise real Time AP Power Supply Position". Archived from the original on 19 June 2016. Retrieved 4 July 2016.
6. "Andhra Pradesh pulls out of PPAs with NTPC". Retrieved 4 July 2020.
7. "Power Allocation from Central Sector". Retrieved 4 July 2017.
8. "Merit Order Despatch of Electricity". Retrieved 4 July 2017.
9. "Andhra Pradesh becomes second state to achieve 100% electrification". Retrieved 13 September 2016.
10. "Weighted average cost of power". Retrieved 29 January 2021.
11. "Details of EVCS in India". Retrieved 11 July 2020.
12. "Andhra Pradesh Amends 10 GW Agricultural Solar Program to Mitigate Cash Flow Issues". Retrieved 23 June 2020.
13. "Energization of pump sets as on 31 March 2019" (PDF). Retrieved 4 July 2019.
14. "Andhra Pradesh Launches Policy to Export Renewable Power to Other States". Retrieved 23 July 2020.
15. "All India Installed Capacity of Utility Power Stations" (PDF). Retrieved 25 April 2020.
16. "Salient features at a glance" (PDF). Retrieved 13 May 2020.
17. "Salient features of A.P.Transco / A.P.Genco / Discoms" (PDF). Retrieved 13 March 2018.
18. "Uninterrupted power for HT consumers soon". Retrieved 13 March 2016.
19. "Daily area wise prices". Retrieved 23 October 2016.
20. "Station wise daily power generation data". Retrieved 13 October 2020.
21. http://thermalpower.industry-focus.net/industry-overview/342-list-of-upcoming-thermal-plants-in-india-list-of-upcoming-thermal-plants-in-india.html
22. "List of power stations in India" (PDF). Cea.nic.in. Retrieved 4 July 2019.
23. "All the World's Coal Power Plants in One Map". Retrieved 4 November 2019.
24. "Coal-Fired Plants in Andhra Pradesh". Gallery. Power Plants Around The World. 5 April 2014. Archived from the original on 6 December 2012. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
25. "Utilization of stranded gas based power plants, See Annexures I & II)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 April 2015. Retrieved 15 May 2015.
26. "GMR Rajahmundry Ltd". Retrieved 12 May 2015.
27. "Two Andhra PSUs acquire 216 MW gas power plant from GVK". Retrieved 15 December 2016.
28. "See Annexure 2.3, Draft National Electricity Plan, 2016, CEA" (PDF). Retrieved 15 December 2016.
29. "Salient data on 31 January 2016 of APTrasCo, APGenCo, Discoms" (PDF). Retrieved 27 March 2016.
30. "Balaji Energy to setup 10 MW Somasila hydro electric project". Retrieved 27 March 2019.
31. "Chetti Peta Mini Hydro Power Plant". Alternate Hydro Energy Center. Retrieved 5 July 2014.
32. "AP Genco paves a new trend in works contracts". Retrieved 27 March 2018.
33. "AFRY awarded Detailed Design Consultancy Services Contract for a 1200 MW Pumped Storage Project". Retrieved 4 May 2020.
34. "Pre Feasibility Report of Pinnapuram IRESP - Storage Project" (PDF). Retrieved 4 September 2020.
35. "2720 MW Pumped Storage Project (page 5)" (PDF). Retrieved 4 September 2020.
36. "Pumped hydro electricity storage is making a comeback in India, and the world is taking notice". Retrieved 20 May 2020.
37. "Declining Renewable Costs Drive Focus on Energy Storage". Retrieved 20 May 2020.
38. "Interactive map showing the feasible locations of PSS projects in Andhra Pradesh state". Retrieved 19 November 2019.
39. "Future of biomass economy in carbon neutral India". Retrieved 19 December 2020.
40. "Preparation of feasibility reports for pumped-storage hydroelectricity projects, NREDCAP, GoAP" (PDF). Retrieved 20 November 2019.
41. "Andhra Pradesh gov't approves 2.75 GW solar-wind-pumped hydro project by Greenko". Retrieved 20 November 2019.
42. "Getting to 100% renewables requires cheap energy storage. But how cheap?". Retrieved 20 May 2020.
43. "Global resource potential of seasonal pumped hydropower storage for energy and water storage". Retrieved 20 May 2020.
44. "Converting to Full-Power". Retrieved 10 August 2020.
45. "100% renewable electricity at no extra cost, a piece of cake?". Retrieved 20 May 2020.
46. "Variable Speed Is Key To World's Biggest Pumped Hydro Energy Storage Project, China's Fengning Plant". Retrieved 28 August 2020.
47. "Unlined pressure conduits - used in hydropower plants" (PDF). Retrieved 20 August 2020.
48. "Dam built by robots? Japan's Obayashi tests it out". Retrieved 23 July 2020.
49. "Overburden blasting in a mega coal mine". Retrieved 23 October 2020.
50. "Elon Musk Should Build Pumped Hydro With Tesla Energy, The Boring Co., & Coal Miners". Retrieved 17 May 2020.
51. "Gandikota PHES: Techno-commercial Feasibility Report" (PDF). Retrieved 14 September 2020.
52. "Annamayya (Cheyyeru) Reservoir". Retrieved 23 July 2020.
53. "Owk PHES: Techno-commercial Feasibility Report" (PDF). Retrieved 14 September 2020.
54. "Chitravati PHES: Techno-commercial Feasibility Report" (PDF). Retrieved 14 September 2020.
55. "Somasila PHES: Techno-commercial Feasibility Report" (PDF). Retrieved 14 September 2020.
56. "Hiramandalam Reservoir". Retrieved 23 July 2020.
57. "Gotta Barrage". Retrieved 23 July 2020.
58. "Status of Renewable Energy Power Projects Commissioned in AP State, NREDCAP" (PDF). Retrieved 1 January 2021.
59. "Salient features of A.P.TRANSCO / A.P.GENCO / DISCOMS" (PDF). Retrieved 24 February 2019.
60. "(page 17) Aggregate Revenue Requirement and Tariff Proposal for the Retail Supply Business for FY 2018-19, APSPDCL". Retrieved 5 January 2018.
61. "State wise installed solar power capacity" (PDF). Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Govt. of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2016.
62. "Andhra Pradesh Solar Power Corporation Ltd". Retrieved 24 October 2016.
63. "10,050 MW mega solar power plants to come up in two phases in Andhra Pradesh". Retrieved 13 May 2020.
64. "Bid documents (6050 MW) submitted for judicial review (s.no. 6 to 15)". Retrieved 2 October 2020.
65. "Adani group bags 3,000 MW solar power parks in Andhra Pradesh". Retrieved 4 February 2021.
66. "Kadiri ultra-mega solar park (4000 MW)" (PDF). Retrieved 2 October 2020.
67. "Obuladevucheruvu ultra-mega solar park (2400MW)" (PDF). Retrieved 2 October 2020.
68. "Ralla Anantapuram ultra-mega solar park (2400 MW)" (PDF). Retrieved 2 October 2020.
69. "Badvel ultra-mega solar park (1400MW)" (PDF). Retrieved 2 October 2020.
70. "Kalasapadu ultra-mega solar park (2000MW)" (PDF). Retrieved 2 October 2020.
71. "Softbank Joint Venture SB Energy Commissions 350 Megawatt Solar Project In India". Retrieved 22 April 2017.
72. "Solar plant commissioned". Retrieved 20 February 2019.
73. "ENGIE fully commissions 250 MW Kadapa solar project in Andhra Pradesh". Retrieved 17 February 2020.
74. "Amrit Jal Ventures commissions solar unit in Kadiri". The Hindu Business Line. 8 March 2012. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
75. "Megha Solar Plant". National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Archived from the original on 28 April 2015. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
76. "SECI Refuses to Lower Tariffs for Andhra Solar Projects". Retrieved 17 February 2020.
77. "Potential windfarm (India)". The Wind Power. Retrieved 31 March 2010.
78. "State wise installed capacity as of 19 October 2016". Retrieved 20 October 2016.
79. "Installed capacity of wind power projects in India". Retrieved 27 July 2015.
80. "Ramgiri windfarm (India)". The Wind Power. Retrieved 5 July 2014.
81. "CLP to develop two new windfarms". Panchabuta Renewable Energy & Cleantech in India. 7 March 2011. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
82. "Puthlur RCI windfarm (India)". The Wind Power. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
83. "Salient data of APTrasCo, APGenCo, Discoms" (PDF). Retrieved 27 October 2015.
84. "Power map of southern region" (PDF). Retrieved 27 October 2015.
85. "Connectivity between Southern Grid and Other Power Grids Can Support 19.95 GW". Retrieved 2 April 2018.

External links

• Coal based power plants in India on SourceWatch
• Electricity grid maps of southern region