Port Washington Light

The Port Washington Light is a historical lighthouse in Port Washington, Wisconsin. Replaced by the Port Washington Breakwater Light and converted to a normal dwelling, it was restored with the assistance of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and currently serves as a museum.

Port Washington Light

Undated photograph of the Port Washington Light (USCG)
Location	Overlooking Port Washington harbor
Coordinates	43.391°N 87.8677°W[1]
Year first constructed	1849
Year first lit	1849 (first tower) 1860 (second tower)[2]
Deactivated	1903[1]
Foundation	Stone
Construction	Brick (first) Brick (second)
Tower shape	Round tower (first) Rectangular house with tower on roof (second)
Tower height	11 metre
Focal height	34 metre
Heritage	place listed on the National Register of Historic Places
Port Washington Light Station
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Location	311 E. Johnson St., Port Washington, Wisconsin[3]
Architectural style	Greek Revival[3]
NRHP reference No.	99001222[3]
Added to NRHP	September 29, 1999[3]

History

Requests for a lighthouse for the harbor were first presented to Congress in 1845, and in 1848 $3,500 was appropriated for construction.[4] This light was completed in 1849 and consisted of a tower and separate keeper's house, both constructed of Cream City brick.[5] The tower was somewhat over 35 feet (11 m) tall and was equipped with an array of five Lewis lamps with 14-inch (360 mm) reflectors. It was lit for the first time on May 8, 1849.[4][5] In 1856 a sixth-order Fresnel lens was installed. This lamp was 36 feet (11 m) from the ground and 109 feet (33 m) above the water.[5]

Starting in 1859 the lighthouse was "rebuilt".[6] In fact, a more or less entirely new brick structure was constructed, reusing some elements and materials of the older dwelling.[5] The design of the new house, of two-stories with roof tower, was also used for the Pilot Island Light and others in the area. A sixth-order lens was to be installed, thought to be retained from the previous light;[7] However, it is known that a fourth order lens was installed in 1870.[5] This lens, at 113 feet (34 m) above the water, gave the light a range of 16 nautical miles; 29 kilometres (18 mi).[4]

The 1859 building housed one keeper and his family. An office was on the first floor and a watch room on the second. Charles Lewis Sr. was the keeper from 1874 to 1880, when he died. His wife took over briefly, then his son Charles Lewis Jr. maintained Port Washington's lights for many years.[8]

With the dredging and enlargement of the harbor in the late 1800s, the Port Washington Breakwater Light was first lit in 1889.[5] This tower was unmanned and was maintained by the keepers of the older light. By 1903, it was clear that only one light was needed, and the old Port Washington Light was discontinued.[4][5] Keeper Charles Lewis, Jr. retired in 1924 upon the electrification of the pierhead light, but apparently continued to live in the old house.[1][4][5] In 1934, however, a new steel tower was installed on the breakwater, and this light required manual maintenance of its foghorns. The old light was remodeled to house the new set of keepers, including the removal of the tower and all its interior supports.[4][5] When the breakwater light was fully automated in 1975–76, the old light continued to house other Coast Guard personnel until 1993, when the building was turned over to the Port Washington Historical Society, first on a leased basis and then in 1997 in full ownership.[4]

Restoration

The restored lighthouse

The Port Washington area was home to many Luxembourgish immigrants, and in 2000 the Luxembourg Minister of Sites and Monuments visited the area. Upon touring the old light, he offered, on behalf of the Grand Duchy, to provide a replacement tower and lantern in order to restore the light to its original appearance, as a memorial to United States servicemen who fought in the tiny country in World War II.[1][4] The historical society succeeded in raising the necessary funds to complete restoration, and in March 2002 the new tower arrived from Luxembourg and was installed; the restored light was dedicated on June 16, 2002.[1] A replacement, newly made Fresnel lens was installed in 2007.[1] The restored lighthouse contains a museum of lighthouse-keeping life.[4]

The building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.[3]

References

1. Anderson, Kraig. "Port Washington Lighthouse". Lighthouse Friends. Retrieved 2011-01-14.
2. "Historic Light Station Information and Photography: Wisconsin". United States Coast Guard Historian's Office. Archived from the original on 2017-05-01.
3. "National Register Information System – (#99001222)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
4. Pepper, Terry. "Port Washington Main Lighthouse". Seeing the Light. Retrieved 2012-02-11.
5. Nenn, Linda. "History of the Port Washington Light House". Port Washington Historical Society. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2012-02-06.
6. Sources used here agree that the likely cause for reconstruction was cut-rate construction characteristic of Stephen Pleasonton's administration, but the records do not give a reason.
7. Pepper and Anderson say that the old lens was reused; Nunn states that the records do not say.
8. Della G. Rucker (1996-11-18). "NRHP Inventory/Nomination: Port Washington Light Station". National Park Service. Retrieved 2017-02-24. With 13 photos.

External links

• 1860 Lighthouse and Light Station Museum – Port Washington Historical Society