Polymastia (sponge)

Polymastia is a genus of sea sponges containing about 30 species.[1] These are small to large encrusting or dome-shaped sponges with a smooth surface having many teat-shaped projections (papillae). In areas of strong wave action, this genus does not grow the teat structures, but instead grows in a corrugated form.[2]

Polymastia
The sponge Polymastia boletiformis, Scilly Isles, UK.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Porifera
Class: Demospongiae
Order: Polymastiida
Family: Polymastiidae
Genus: Polymastia
Bowerbank, 1863
Species

70+, see text

Synonyms
List
  • Pencillaria Gray, 1867
  • Polymastica [lapsus]
  • Rinalda Schmidt, 1870
  • Sideroderma Lendenfeld, 1883
  • Trichostemma Sars, 1869

The following species are recognised:[3]

  • Polymastia actinioides Koltun, 1966
  • Polymastia affinis Thiele, 1898
  • Polymastia agglutinans Ridley & Dendy, 1886
  • Polymastia andrica de Laubenfels, 1949
  • Polymastia arctica (Merejkowsky, 1878)
  • Polymastia atlantica Samaai & Gibbons, 2005
  • Polymastia aurantia Kelly-Borges & Bergquist, 1997
  • Polymastia azorica Lévi & Vacelet, 1958
  • Polymastia bartletti de Laubenfels, 1942
  • Polymastia bicolor Carter, 1886
  • Polymastia boletiformis (Lamarck, 1815)
  • Polymastia bouryesnaultae Samaai & Gibbons, 2005
  • Polymastia clavata Burton, 1959
  • Polymastia conigera Bowerbank, 1874
  • Polymastia corticata Ridley & Dendy, 1886
  • Polymastia crassa Carter, 1886
  • Polymastia craticia Hallmann, 1912
  • Polymastia crocea Kelly-Borges & Bergquist, 1997
  • Polymastia dendyi Whitelegge, 1897
  • Polymastia disclera Lévi, 1964
  • Polymastia echinus Kelly-Borges & Bergquist, 1997
  • Polymastia ectofibrosa Boury-Esnault, Pansini & Uriz, 1994
  • Polymastia fluegeli Lehnert, Stone & Heimler, 2005
  • Polymastia fordei Lehnert & van Soest, 1999
  • Polymastia fusca Bergquist, 1961
  • Polymastia gemmipara Dendy, 1916
  • Polymastia granulosa Brøndsted, 1924
  • Polymastia grimaldi (Topsent, 1913)
  • Polymastia harmelini Boury-Esnault & Bézac, 2007
  • Polymastia hemisphaerica (Sars, 1872)
  • Polymastia hirsuta Bergquist, 1968
  • Polymastia hispidissima Koltun, 1966
  • Polymastia inflata Cabioch, 1968
  • Polymastia invaginata Kirkpatrick, 1907
  • Polymastia isidis Thiele, 1905
  • Polymastia janeirensis (Boury-Esnault, 1973)
  • Polymastia koltuni Van Soest & Hooper, 2020
  • Polymastia kurilensis Koltun, 1962
  • Polymastia laganoides Lambe, 1895
  • Polymastia littoralis Stephens, 1915
  • Polymastia lorum Kelly-Borges & Bergquist, 1997
  • Polymastia maeandria Wilson, 1904
  • Polymastia mamillaris (Müller, 1806)
  • Polymastia martae Boury-Esnault, Pansini & Uriz, 1994
  • Polymastia massilis Carter, 1886
  • Polymastia megasclera , 1934
  • Polymastia murrayi Burton, 1959
  • Polymastia nigra Alcolado, 1984
  • Polymastia nivea (Hansen, 1885)
  • Polymastia pachymastia de Laubenfels, 1932
  • Polymastia pacifica Lambe, 1893
  • Polymastia paupera Fristedt, 1887
  • Polymastia penicillus (Montagu, 1814)
  • Polymastia pepo Kelly-Borges & Bergquist, 1997
  • Polymastia piscesae Austin, Ott, Reiswig, Romagosa & McDaniel, 2014
  • Polymastia polytylota Vacelet, 1969
  • Polymastia radiosa Bowerbank, 1866
  • Polymastia rara Koltun, 1966
  • Polymastia rubens Kelly-Borges & Bergquist, 1997
  • Polymastia simplicissima Thiele, 1898
  • Polymastia sola Pulitzer-Finali, 1983
  • Polymastia spinula Bowerbank, 1866
  • Polymastia svenseni Plotkin, Gerasimova & Rapp, 2018
  • Polymastia tenax Pulitzer-Finali, 1986
  • Polymastia thielei Koltun, 1964
  • Polymastia tissieri (Vacelet, 1961)
  • Polymastia toporoki Koltun, 1966
  • Polymastia tropicalis Lévi, 1967
  • Polymastia tubulifera Dendy, 1922
  • Polymastia uberrima (Schmidt, 1870)
  • Polymastia umbraculum Kelly-Borges & Bergquist, 1997
  • Polymastia varia Verrill, 1907
  • Polymastia villosa Desqueyroux-Faúndez & van Soest, 1997
  • Polymastia zitteli (Lendenfeld, 1888)

References
  1. Boury-Esnault, N.; van Soest, R. (2016). Polymastia Bowerbank, 1862. In: Van Soest, R.W.M; Boury-Esnault, N.; Hooper, J.N.A.; Rützler, K.; de Voogd, N.J.; Alvarez de Glasby, B.; Hajdu, E.; Pisera, A.B.; Manconi, R.; Schoenberg, C.; Klautau, M.; Picton, B.; Kelly, M.; Vacelet, J.; Dohrmann, M.; Díaz, M.-C.; Cárdenas, P.; Carballo, J. L. (2016). World Porifera database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2017-02-17.
  2. Branch, G.M., Branch, M.L, Griffiths, C.L. and Beckley, L.E. 2010. Two Oceans: a guide to the marine life of southern Africa ISBN 978-1-77007-772-0
  3. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Polymastia Bowerbank, 1862". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-12.


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