Polad Hashimov

Polad Israyil oglu Hashimov (Polad İsrayıl oğlu Həşimov; 2 January 1975 – 14 July 2020), was an Azerbaijani military officer, National Hero of Azerbaijan, major general who served as the Deputy Commander and the Chief of Staff of the 3rd Army Corps of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces.

Polad Hashimov
Native name
Polad İsrayıl oğlu Həşimov
Birth namePolad Israyil oglu Hashimov
Nickname(s)General of the Trenches (Azerbaijani: Səngər generalı)[1]
Born(1975-01-02)January 2, 1975
Vandam, Gutgashen, Azerbaijani SSR, Soviet Union
DiedJuly 14, 2020(2020-07-14) (aged 45)
near Tovuz, Azerbaijan
Buried
Second Alley of Honor
Allegiance Azerbaijan
Service/branch Azerbaijani Land Forces
Years of service1992–2020
RankMajor general
Commands held
Battles/wars
AwardsNational Hero of Azerbaijan (posthumous)
Alma mater
Spouse(s)Ophelia Salmanova
Childrenthree

Hashimov was a popular military figure who took part in the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, and the Four-Day War. He was awarded numerous times during his military career, including jubilee and other medals. He commanded the Azerbaijani forces during the border clashes with Armenia in July 2020, and was killed while fighting on the front-line in the morning of July 14 in Tovuz District of Azerbaijan. His death sparked violent protests throughout the country, and potentially led up to the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War, which began in September of the same year. He was awarded the title of National Hero of Azerbaijan in December 2020.

Hashimov is the first and only general of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces who was killed during direct warfare. Before him, Ismat Gayibov, the first Prosecutor General of Azerbaijan, and Mahammad Asadov, a major general of the Azerbaijani Ministry of Internal Affairs, were both killed in November 1991 when the Mil Mi-8 helicopter they were in was shot down by the Armenian forces.

Early life and education
Hashimov was born in a working class family in Vandam, Soviet Azerbaijan, though he moved to the industrial city of Sumgayit with his family at a very young age.

Polad Israyil oglu Hashimov was born on 2 January 1975, in Vandam, Gutgashen District (modern-day Gabala District) of the Azerbaijani SSR, which was then a part of the Soviet Union.[2] His father, Israyil, was a metallurgist and worked at a aluminum plant in Sumgayit, first as an engineer, then as a shift supervisor, and manager.[3] He died in 2005 after a long-running illness.[4] His mother, Samaya, also worked at the same plant. Hashimov's name was given by his grandfather,[5] Mikayil, who was a World War II veteran,[4] and means Steel in Azerbaijani.[6] In July 1976, when Hashimov was 6 months old, he moved to Sumgayit with his family and settled in the 13th micro-district of the city.[7]

Hashimov was admitted to secondary school No. 28 in Sumgayit in 1982. He was admitted to Secondary School No. 33 after its construction in 1986. In 1988, another educational institution, Secondary School No. 34 named after Mikayil Mushfig, was built in the area, and Hashimov continued his education there. He graduated from there in 1992. Hashimov excelled in mathematics during his secondary education.[7]

Hashimov, despite planning to be a lawyer, decided to pursue a military career in 1992, during the height of the First Nagorno-Karabakh War. With his father's consent, he submitted his documents and was accepted to the Baku Higher Combined Arms Command School in August of that year.[4] He graduated in 1995 with a degree in motorised infantry. In 1994, he was also sent by the Azerbaijani Ministry of Defence to a three-month training course at the Tuzla Infantry School in Istanbul, Turkey. In July 2014, he entered the Azerbaijan Higher Military Academy named after Heydar Aliyev, and in 2016, received a master's degree in military leadership.[8]

Military career

First Nagorno-Karabakh War

In November 1992, during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, Polad Hashimov fought in and successfully defended the villages of Marzili and Novruzlu in the Aghdam District, Azerbaijan. Hashimov, who was training with the 702nd Motorized Rifle Brigade, participated in the Operation Murovdagh in February 1994[8] as a battalion commander.[9] He clashed with the Armenian forces in the Guzgu, Koroghlu, and Omar military posts, located in the Murovdagh range.[8]

After the signing of the Bishkek Protocol, which virtually ended the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, Hashimov started serving in the military units stationed on the front-line of a frozen conflict with Armenia, and the self-declared Republic of Artsakh. He served for many years as commanders of the military units stationed in Barda, Dashkasan, Haji Zeynalabdin, Murovdagh, and Shamkir.[4][10] From 1995 to 2017, Hashimov held various positions, from motorised rifle squadron commander to a military unit commander.[8] Hashimov was promoted to a major in 2003, and in 2009, to a lieutenant colonel.[11]

Four-Day War

On 1 April 2016, heavy fighting broke out between the Azerbaijani and Armenian forces along the Nagorno-Karabakh Line of Contact, known as the Four-Day War.[12] During the clashes, Hashimov served as Deputy Commander and Chief of Staff of the 1st Army Corps. He commanded the Azerbaijani forces stationed in Tartar District, and during night operations, his forces advanced towards Talish, capturing several strategic points and heights.[13] He was wounded during the clashes. One of the military posts seized by Hashimov near Talış was later renamed to Polad, in honour of Hashimov.[10] According to the Turkish military expert Abdullah Ağar, the Azerbaijani military command ordered Hashimov to withdraw from the territories he had seized during the hostilities. After a ceasefire was reached on the front-line, Hashimov resigned immediately, but the President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, intervened and did not allow him to resign.[14]

In 2017, Polad Hashimov was appointed as the Deputy Commander and Chief of Staff of the 3rd Army Corps.[8] On 24 June 2019, President Aliyev promoted Hashimov to a major general, the highest military rank in the Azerbaijani Army.[15] At the same time, Hashimov became the first Gabalani general after the 19th-century Azerbaijani military officer of the Imperial Russian Army, Ismayil bek Kutkashensky.[16]

Tovuz clashes

On 12 July,[17] skirmishes erupted on the border between Armenia and Azerbaijan,[18] mainly in the Tavush Province of Armenia and the Tovuz District of Azerbaijan.[19]

Hashimov commanded the Azerbaijani forces during the clashes. In the first hours of the hostilities, 3 Azerbaijani servicemen were killed and 4 more were wounded.[20][21]

The clashes continued next day, mainly through artillery and drones, without infantry,[22] and the Azerbaijani authorities stated that their forces had "neutralised" more than 20 Armenian servicemen, and destroyed several Armenian firing positions, battalion headquarters, and other military targets.[23] Overall, at least 17 military personnel and one civilian was confirmed to be killed during the skirmishes.[24]

Hashimov's grave in the Second Alley of Honor in Baku.

Death and funeral

Further skirmished occurred at night, and continued into the morning of 14 July. During the skirmishes in the morning of 14 July, seven Azerbaijani servicemen, six of them being officers, were killed.[25] On the same day, the deputy defence minister of Azerbaijan, Karim Valiyev, made a live statement, saying that Hashimov, as well as colonel Ilgar Mirzayev, were among the fallen Azerbaijani officers. According to him, about 100 Armenian servicemen were killed, and a large number of military equipment and important facilities belonging to the Armenian forces were destroyed in retaliation.[26]

Polad Hashimov is the first and only general of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces who was killed during military operations. Before him, Ismat Gayibov, the first Prosecutor General of Azerbaijan, and Mahammad Asadov, major general of the Azerbaijani Ministry of Internal Affairs, were both killed in November 1991 when the Mil Mi-8 helicopter they were in was shot down by the Armenian forces.[27]

On July 14, at noon, Hashimov's body was brought to Vandam, then was brought to Sumgayit, where he lived.[28] He was buried alongside colonel Mirzayev, on 15 July in the Second Alley of Honor in Baku.[29] Azerbaijan's minister of defence, Zakir Hasanov, chief of general staff, Najmaddin Sadigov, and, the mayor of Baku, Eldar Azizov, attended the funeral.[30][31] On the same day, President Ilham Aliyev had a telephone conversation with Hashimov's mother, expressing his deep condolences to her.[32]

Personal life

Hashimov had three siblings, Arzu,[33] Kamala,[34] and Ilham.[35] He married Ophelia Salmanova on 5 September 2003.[4] The couple had three children, Davoud, Teimour, and Aybaniz.[36]

Hashimov was a popular military figure within the Azerbaijani society. He was well respected by both soldiers and officers. He was presented with an apartment for his services during the Four-Day War. Although Hashimov lived in a rented apartment, he donated it to the family of a fallen Azerbaijani serviceman.[10][13]

Legacy
A bust of Polas Hashimov, created by Tabriz Soltanly.

After Hashimov's death, Polad was at the top of the list of names given to newborn boys, mainly in the Gabala District.[37]

In August 2020, two books dedicated to Hashimov were published. First, the book Our Steel General (Azerbaijani: Polad Generalımız) was published by Ganun Nashriyyati.[38] The other book dedicated to Hashimov was published by Hadaf Nashrlari and XAN Nashriyyati. The book, General Polad Hashimov in Memories (Azerbaijani: General Polad Həşimov xatirələrdə), contains the memoirs of Hashimov's mother, wife, daughter, as well as his colleagues.[39]

After Hashimov's death, Azerbaijani singer Chingiz Mustafayev, who is known for representing Azerbaijan in Eurovision Song Contest 2019, released a song titled I'm Like My Homeland (Azerbaijani: Vətənim Kimiyəm), dedicated to Hashimov and the other fallen soldiers of the border clashes.[40] On 22 August 2020, Azerbaijani military singer Shamistan Alizamanli released a song titled My Pasha, Hey! (Azerbaijani: Paşam, hey!) dedicated to Hashimov.[41] On 24 August, a documentary titled 7 Moments of Polad (Azerbaijani: Poladın 7 anı) dedicated to life of Hashimov was presented on Ictimai TV, directed by Ruslan Hussein.[42]

In August 2020, a street was named after Hashimov in his native Vandam, in Gabala District,[43] and in January 2021, in Guba,[44] and in Keban, Elazığ, Turkey.[45] A park named after Polad Hashimov was opened in the Osmangazi District of Bursa, Turkey, on 28 October.[46]

Polad Hashimov was declared a National Hero of Azerbaijan in December 2020, alongside Ilgar Mirzayev and Ibad Huseynov, by the decree of President Aliyev.[47][48]

Protests

When Hashimov's body was taken to his house in Sumgayit,[49] a crowd of hundreds of people from different parts of the city gathered in front of Hashimov's house, with hundreds of demonstrators chanting pro-army slogans.[50] The demonstrations spread to others parts of Baku,[51] with about 50 thousand demonstrators being present.[52] They first marched to Freedom Square, then to the Martyrs' Lane but were not allowed enter it,[53] or the National Assembly of Azerbaijan.[54] The Baku Police did not allow vehicles to enter the area to ensure the crowd's safety.[55] The demonstrators, waving the Azerbaijani flag, called for the end of the COVID-19 pandemic related quarantine, mobilisation and a war against Armenia to retake the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region.[56][57] There were smaller rallies in support of the military in other cities around Azerbaijan, usually connected to the burials of fallen soldiers.[58]

Azerbaijani demonstrators in front of the Mosque of the Martyrs near the Parliament building on 14 July.

After the initial demonstrations, a smaller group reached the front of the National Assembly on the night of 14 and 15 July. Apart from support for the army and calls for war,[55] the demonstrators demanded the resignation of the chief of general staff of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces and the deputy minister of defence, Najmeddin Sadikov,[54] who was suspected of giving the coordinates of Hashimov's location to the Armenian authorities, leading to his death.[59][60] At around 01:00, street lights were turned off in front of the Parliament building. However, the demonstrators protested this by turning their phone lights and whistling. Although a representative from the Azerbaijani Ministry of Defence arrived to address the crowd, the demonstrators did not allow him to speak and demanded that the president of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, come and speak.[54] At around 04:00, riots broke out, during which police cars were overturned.[61] Several demonstrators breached the National Assembly, protesting the government's inaction.[62] They smashed windows and chandeliers inside, but security forces later evicted them. A BBC Azerbaijani Service correspondent at the scene reported that although there were guards inside, they did not interfere with the crowd.[55] According to a report by the Azerbaijani Parliament, the demonstrators damaged a number of items in the Parliament worth 22,150 AZN in total.[63][64] The Azerbaijani Ministry of Internal Affairs accused the demonstrators of deliberately disobeying the demands of police officers and attacking them with stones and other objects. As a result, seven police officers were injured, two service cars of the State Traffic Police Department were overturned and rendered useless, fourteen more service cars and the road infrastructure in the area were seriously damaged.[55] After that, security forces used water cannons, tear gas and batons to disperse those gathered in front of the Parliament building.[65] Other demonstrators tried to convince police to join them.[58] The demonstrators moved towards Martyrs' Lane and continued protesting there. They began to disperse in the early morning near Baku Boulevard and Freedom Square.[54] According to Turan, an independent Azerbaijani news agency, several hundred protesters then marched, escorted by police, to the Nariman Narimanov Monument and the building of the Azerbaijani Ministry of Taxes, before dispersing.[65]

The preliminary investigation over the arrests was completed on 11 September. 37 people were prosecuted, officially charged with intentionally causing minor bodily harm, intentionally destroying or damaging another's property, violating public order, and resisting or using force against a government official.[66] Despite this, according to other Azerbaijani sources, as many as 120 people were detained after the protests, including members of the NIDA Civic Movement and journalists.[67][68]

Honorary Decree named after Shah Ismail Khatai given to Hashimov in the 1990s.

In late July, further protests erupted in Hashimov's native Vandam, when the local officials removed the Azerbaijani flag hanging from the door of Hashimov's house. Ilham Baghirov, the representative of the Gabala District Executive Power in Vandam, stated that the flag was temporarily removed and planned to be hung on a pole to be buried in front of the house.[69]

The protests are believed to have led to the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War later in September of the same year.[70][71][72]

Awards

Throughout his military career, Hashimov received numerous promotions[11] and was awarded more than twelve times, including jubilee[8] and other medals.[73][74][75][76][77]

References
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Further reading
  • Sadiq, Shamil (2020). General Polad Həşimov xatirələrdə [General Polad Hashimov in Memoirs] (in Azerbaijani). Baku: Hadaf Nashrlari. ISBN 9084930936722 Check |isbn= value: invalid prefix (help).
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