Piano Concerto No. 1 (Villa-Lobos)

Piano Concerto No. 1, W453, is a composition for piano and orchestra by the Brazilian composer Heitor Villa-Lobos, written in 1945. A performance lasts about 38 minutes.

Piano Concerto No. 1
Concerto by Heitor Villa-Lobos
Heitor Villa-Lobos
Catalogue	W453
Genre	Concerto
Form	Concerto
Composed	1945: Rio de Janeiro
Dedication	Ellen Ballon
Published	1984: Paris (reduction for two pianos)
Publisher	Max Eschig
Recorded	June 1949 Ellen Ballon, piano; L’Orchestre de la Suisse Romande; Ernest Ansermet, cond. (issued 1949 on LP, London LLP 77, matrix ARL.66 and ARL.67).
Duration	38 mins.
Movements	4
Scoring	piano orchestra
Premiere
Date	11 October 1946:
Location	Theatro Municipal, Rio de Janeiro
Conductor	Heitor Villa-Lobos
Performers	Ellen Ballon, piano; Orquestra Sinfônica do Theatro Municipal

History

Villa-Lobos composed his First Piano Concerto in Rio de Janeiro in 1945. It was commissioned by the Canadian pianist Ellen Ballon, who gave the first performance at the Theatro Municipal in Rio de Janeiro on 11 October 1946, with the composer conducting the Orquestra Sinfônica do Theatro Municipal (Villa-Lobos, sua obra 2009, 56). Ballon also gave the American premiere of the concerto in Dallas, conducted by Antal Dorati in 1946, the Canadian premiere with Désiré Defauw on 28 October 1947 at the Plateau Auditorium in Montreal, and the London premiere with Thomas Beecham in 1956. She also recorded the work with Ernest Ansermet in 1949, with whom she also made return Canadian performances on 30 and 31 January 1951 with the Orchestre Symphonique de Montréal (Peppercorn 1984, 31).

Instrumentation

The work is scored for solo piano and an orchestra consisting of piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, cor anglais, 2 clarinets, bass clarinet, 2 bassoons, contrabassoon, 4 horns, 3 trumpets, 3 tenor trombones, bass trombone, tuba, timpani, percussion (tam-tam, triangle, bass drum), harp, and strings.

Analysis

Theatro Municipal, Rio de Janeiro, venue of the concerto's première

The concerto has four movements:

1. Allegro
2. Allegro (poco scherzando)
3. Andante – Andantino (quasi andante) – Cadenza
4. Allegro non troppo

Although Villa-Lobos adheres to the four-movement structure often found in piano concertos, he makes little effort to follow the traditional structures, based on melodic ideas, within the movements. Instead, he uses rhythmic elements to define sections of movements (Appleby 2002, 164).

Discography

• Villa-Lobos: Piano Concerto. Ellen Ballon, piano; L’Orchestre de la Suisse Romande, conducted by Ernest Ansermet. Recorded at the Victoria Hall, Geneva, June 1949. LP recording, 1 disc, 12 inch, 33⅓ rpm, monaural. London LLP 77. London: London Records, 1949. [Third movement heavily cut.]
  • Reissued on CD (with Albéniz: Five movements from Iberia, orch. Arbós, and Navarra, completed by Déodat de Séverac). Decca Eloquence 4800456. Sydney: Decca Records, 2010.
• Э. Вилла-Лобос: концерт н1 для фортепиано с оркестром [H. Villa Lobos: Concerto No. 1 for Piano and Orchestra]. Arthur Moreira-Lima, piano; Moscow Radio Great Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Vladimir Fedoseev. Recorded 1976. LP recording, 1 disc: 1 audio disc: analog, 33⅓ rpm, stereo; 12 in. stereo. Melodiya C 10-08167-8 (matrix С10-08167/3-1, С10-08168/3-1). [Moscow]: Melodiya, 1980.
• Heitor Villa-Lobos: 5 concertos para piano e orquestra. Fernando Lopes, piano; Orquestra Sinfônica Municipal de Campinas; conducted by Benito Juarez. Recorded 18–24 June, 1984, in the Teatro Interno do Centro de Covivência Cultural da Campinas. LP recording, 4 discs: 12 inch, 33⅓ rpm, stereo. Energia de São Paulo: LPVL 01/25 – LPVL 04/25. São Paulo: Energia de São Paulo, [1984?].
• Heitor Villa-Lobos: Five Piano Concertos. Cristina Ortiz, piano; Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, conducted by Miguel Gómez-Martínez. Recorded at the Walthamstow Assembly Hall in October 1989, January and July 1990. 2-CD set: stereo. London 430 628-2 (430 629-2 and 430 630-2). London: The Decca Record Company Limited, 1992.
• Heitor Villa-Lobos: Cinco Conciertos para Piano y Orquesta. Elvira Santiago, piano (Concerto No. 1); Ulises Hernández, piano (Concerto No. 2); Patricio Malcolm, piano (Concerto No. 3); Harold López-Nussa, piano (Concerto No. 4); Roberto Urbay, piano (Concerto No. 5); Orquesta Sinfónica Nacional de Cuba, conducted by Enrique Pérez Mesa. Concerto No. 1 recorded at the Teatro Auditorium Amadeo Roldán, Havana, Cuba, 14 December 2003, part of the XXV Festival Internacional del Nuevo Cine Latinoamericano. 2 CDs + 1 DVD. Colibrí DVD/CD 050. Havana: Colibrí, 2006.

References

• Anon. 1956. Festival Hall: Beecham Concert. The Times, Issue 53684 (9 November): 3.
• Appleby, David P. 2002. Heitor Villa-Lobos: A Life (1887–1959). Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-4149-9.
• Fortes Filho, Raimundo M. de Melo. 2004. "Concerto Para Piano e Orquestra n. 1 de Villa-Lobos: Um Estudo Analítico-Interpretativo". Masters thesis, Universidade Federal da Bahia.
• Fortes Filho, Raimundo Mentor de Melo, and Diana Santiago. 2004. "A politonalidade no concerto nº 1 para piano e orquestra de Villa-Lobos". In Anais do Simpósio de Pesquisa em Música 2004, edited by Norton Dudeque, 35–48. Curitiba, Brazil: Universidade Federal do Paraná (Departamento de Artes). ISBN 9788598826035.
• Johnson, Bret. 1992. "Villa-Lobos: Piano Concertos Nos.1–5 by Cristina Ortiz, Miguel Gomez- Martinez". Tempo, New Series, No. 182, Russian Issue (September): 60–61.
• Peppercorn, Lisa M. 1984. "Villa-Lobos's Commissioned Compositions". Tempo, New Series, No. 151 (December): 28–31.
• Salter, Lionel. 1992. Villa-Lobos Piano Concertos (review of CD, performed by Cristina Ortiz, Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, conducted by Miguel Gómez-Martínez). Gramophone (May).
• Tarasti, Eero. 1995. Heitor Villa-Lobos: The Life and Works, 1887–1959, translated from the Finnish by the author. Jefferson, NC, and London: McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. ISBN 0-7864-0013-7.
• Villa-Lobos, sua obra. 2009. Version 1.0. MinC / IBRAM, and the Museu Villa-Lobos. Based on the third edition, 1989.