Phrynopus

Phrynopus is a genus of frogs of the family Craugastoridae. Their common name is Andes frogs. They are endemic to Peru and inhabit the upper humid montane forest and supra-treeline grassland in the Cordillera Oriental, with one record from the Peruvian Cordillera Occidental.[1]

Phrynopus
Phrynopus badius
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Craugastoridae
Subfamily: Holoadeninae
Genus: Phrynopus
Peters, 1873
Type species
Phrynopus peruanus
Peters, 1873
Diversity
26 species (see text)
Eggs of Phrynopus curator

Taxonomy

The contents and phylogenetic position of Phrynopus have long been uncertain,[1] and species once included in this genus have been moved to other genera (Bryophryne, Lynchius, Isodactylus (now Hypodactylus), Noblella, Niceforonia, and Psychrophrynella).[2] Hedges and colleagues placed it in 2008 in Strabomantidae, subfamily Strabomantinae.[2] Most recently, the genus was transferred into Craugastoridae, subfamily Holoadeninae.[1][3] However, the AmphibiaWeb keeps Noblella in Strabomantidae/Strabomantinae,[4] a family/subfamily no longer recognized by the Amphibian Species of the World.[5]

Description

Phrynopus are small to medium-sized frogs, from 14.5 mm (0.57 in) snout–vent length in Phrynopus auriculatus to 54 mm (2.1 in) in Phrynopus kauneorum. Head is narrower than the body. Differentiated tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus are usually absent, except in Phrynopus auriculatus and Phrynopus peruanus, two basal species. Dorsum is smooth to pustulate. Venter is smooth or areolate.[2]

Species

There are over 30 species in this genus:[1][4]

References
  1. Frost, Darrel R. (2015). "Phrynopus Peters, 1873". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  2. Hedges, S. B., Duellman, W. E., and Heinicke, M. P (2008). "New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1737: 1–182.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. Padial, J. M.; Grant, T.; Frost, D. R. (2014). "Molecular systematics of terraranas (Anura: Brachycephaloidea) with an assessment of the effects of alignment and optimality criteria". Zootaxa. 3825: 1–132. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3825.1.1.
  4. "Strabomantidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  5. Frost, Darrel R. (2015). "Craugastoridae Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
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