Philanthinae

Philanthinae
	Cerceris
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Crabronidae
Subfamily:	Philanthinae
Tribes and Genera
	Aphilanthopini: Aphilanthops; Clypeadon; Philanthinus; Cercerini: Cerceris; Eucerceris; Philanthini: Philanthus; Trachypus; Pseudoscoliini: Pseudoscolia;

The subfamily Philanthinae is one of the largest groups in the wasp family Crabronidae, with about 1100 species in 9 genera, most of them in Cerceris; Alexander treats it as having only 8 genera.[1][2] Historically, this subfamily has frequently been accorded family status. The subfamily consists of solitary, predatory wasps, each genus having its own distinct and consistent prey preferences. The adult females dig tunnels in the ground for nesting.

As with all other sphecoid wasps, the larvae are carnivorous; females hunt for prey on which to lays their eggs, mass provisioning the nest cells with paralyzed, living prey that the larva feeds upon after it hatches from the egg, as seen in the species Philanthus gibbosus.[3]

References

Alexander, B. A. (1992). A cladistic analysis of the subfamily Philanthinae (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Systematic Entomology 17: 91–108. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.1992.tb00324.x
Bohart, Richard Mitchell; Menke, Arnold S. (1976). Sphecid Wasps of the World: A Generic Revision. University of California Press. p. 555. ISBN 978-0-520-02318-5.
Colman, D. R.; Toolson, E. C.; Takacs-Vesbach, C. D. (2012-10-01). "Do diet and taxonomy influence insect gut bacterial communities?". Molecular Ecology. 21 (20): 5124–5137. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05752.x. ISSN 1365-294X. PMID 22978555.

External links

BWARS: Philanthinae (photographs of each species)

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[1] Alexander, B. A. (1992). A cladistic analysis of the subfamily Philanthinae (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Systematic Entomology 17: 91–108. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.1992.tb00324.x

[2] Bohart, Richard Mitchell; Menke, Arnold S. (1976). Sphecid Wasps of the World: A Generic Revision. University of California Press. p. 555. ISBN 978-0-520-02318-5.

[3] Colman, D. R.; Toolson, E. C.; Takacs-Vesbach, C. D. (2012-10-01). "Do diet and taxonomy influence insect gut bacterial communities?". Molecular Ecology. 21 (20): 5124–5137. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05752.x. ISSN 1365-294X. PMID 22978555.