Peter Augustus Jay (lawyer)

Peter Augustus Jay (January 24, 1776 – February 20, 1843) was a prominent New York lawyer, politician and the eldest son of Founding Father and first United States Chief Justice, John Jay.

Peter Augustus Jay
Recorder of New York City
In office April 6, 1819 – March 6, 1821
Preceded by	Richard Riker
Succeeded by	Richard Riker
Member of the New York State Assembly from New York Co.
In office July 1, 1815 – June 30, 1816
Personal details
Born	Peter Augustus Jay January 24, 1776 Elizabethtown, New Jersey,
Died	February 20, 1844 (aged 68) New York City, New York, U.S.
Political party	Federalist
Spouse(s)	Mary Rutherfurd Clarkson ​ ​ (m. 1807; died 1838)​
Children	8, including John, Peter
Parents	John Jay Sarah Van Brugh Livingston
Relatives	William Jay (brother) William Livingston (grandfather) Augustus Jay (grandson)
Alma mater	King's College

Early life

Peter Augustus Jay was born at Liberty Hall," on January 24, 1776, at the home of his maternal grandparents' in Elizabethtown, New Jersey. Peter was one of six children born to John Jay and Sarah Van Brugh (née Livingston) Jay, and one of two boys (brother William was born in 1789) with four sisters: Susan (born and died in 1780); Maria (b. 1782), Ann (b. 1783) and Sarah Louisa (b. 1792).

Jay's paternal grandparents were Peter Jay, who was born in New York City in 1704 and became a wealthy trader in furs, wheat, timber, and other commodities, and Mary Van Cortlandt, who had married in 1728.[1] Mary's father was Jacobus Van Cortlandt who was twice mayor of New York City.[2]

His mother was the eldest daughter of 13 children born to New Jersey Governor William Livingston (1723–1790).[3] His aunt, Susannah Livingston, was married to John Cleves Symmes. His grandfather, William, was the son of Philip Livingston, himself the son of Robert Livingston the Elder and Alida Schulyer van Rensselaer.[4]

Following in the footsteps of his father, who graduated from the colonial-era King's College, Peter graduated from Columbia University in 1794.[5]

Career

Following his graduation in 1794, Jay acted as private secretary to his father in London for the Jay Treaty.[6] The young Jay studied law and established a practice in New York City with his cousin Peter Jay Munro, carrying on a family tradition of public service.

As a Federalist, he was a member from New York City of the New York State Assembly in the 39th New York State Legislature, during which time he was active in arranging the financing for the construction of the Erie Canal. He ran many times for Congress, but was always defeated by the Democratic-Republican candidates. From 1819 to 1821, he was Recorder of New York City. He was a delegate from Westchester Co. to the New York State Constitutional Convention of 1821. For a time he was also a Westchester County Judge.[7]

Philanthropy and Affiliations

In 1814, Jay and his father were both elected members of the American Antiquarian Society.[8] Together with financier Thomas Eddy, Peter Augustus Jay also helped organize and found New York's earliest savings bank, the now defunct New York Bank for Savings in 1816 (thereby contributing to the establishment of the New York State savings bank system).[9] In 1828, he helped found the New York Law Institute, which today is the oldest law library in New York City. Jay was President of New York Hospital (1827–1833), Chairman of the Board of Trustees, King's College and President of the New-York Historical Society (1840–1842).[10]

In 1832, he was honored with a Doctor of Laws from Harvard University for his "talents and virtues,"[5] and from Columbia, in 1835.[11]

Jay shared his father's commitment to social justice and actively pursued greater rights for African Americans. In his commitment to reform, he served as President of the New-York Manumission Society in 1816 and President of the New York Public School Society which was anti-slavery and concerned with greater humanitarianism towards the poor.[12] Jay is best known for giving a speech in 1821 at the New York State Constitutional Convention as a delegate arguing that the right to vote should be extended to free African Americans. "Peter Augustus Jay, one of a minority of advocates of universal manhood suffrage, insisted that the idea that black people were naturally inferior had long been 'completely refuted and universally exploded.'" [13] Despite his impassioned argument, Jay's motion for extending suffrage was overruled.[14]

Personal life

On July 29, 1807, he married Mary Rutherfurd Clarkson (1786–1838), a daughter of General Matthew Clarkson and Mary (née Rutherfurd) Clarkson.[15] Her uncle was U.S. Senator John Rutherfurd and her paternal grandfather was Walter Rutherfurd.[16] Together, they had eight children, including:[11]

• John Clarkson Jay (1808–1891), who married Laura Prime (1812–1888) and was a physician and noted conchologist.[17]
• Mary Rutherfurd Jay (1810–1835), who married Frederick Prime in 1829.[11]
• Sarah Jay (1811–1846), who married William Dawson in 1836.[11]
• Catherine Helena Jay (1815–1889), who married Henry Augustus DuBois (1808–1884)[18] in 1835.[11]
• Anna Maria Jay (1819–1902),[19] who married Henry Evelyn Pierrepont (1808–1888)[20][21] in 1841.[11]
• Peter Augustus Jay (1821–1855), who married Josephine Pearson (1829–1852) in 1848.[11]
• Elizabeth Clarkson Jay (1823–1895), who did not marry.[22]
• Susan Matilda Jay (1827–1910),[23] who married Matthew Clarkson (1823–1913),[24] the eldest son of David Clarkson (president of the New York Stock Exchange), in 1852.[11]

His wife died in Madeira, an archipelago in the north Atlantic Ocean, southwest of Portugal, on December 24, 1838. Peter Augustus Jay died in New York City on February 20, 1843.[11]

His descendants have gone on to become educators, lawyers, diplomats and civic advocates. They include Mary Rutherfurd Jay, Pierre Jay, and Jay Pierrepont Moffat.

Jay Estate

The Jay Estate in Rye, NY

Peter Augustus legally received the Jay Estate in Rye from his father in 1822 though original account records show that he and his wife Mary were handling household expenses as for the Rye estate as early as 1814. Under his father's aegis, Peter Augustus installed European styled stone ha-has on the property and planted elm trees. His father John Jay died in 1829. In 1836, Peter Augustus contracted with a builder, Edwin Bishop, to take down the failing farmhouse that had been barraged by the British during the Revolutionary War. Reusing structural elements from "The Locusts" where his father grew up as a boy, Peter Augustus Jay helped create the Greek Revival mansion that stands there today. Unfortunately his wife Mary would not live to see the house completed, as she died in Madeira on December 24, 1838. After Jay's death in 1843, the Rye house passed to his eldest son, John Clarkson Jay.[25]

The Jay Estate is a National Historic Landmark within the Boston Post Road Historic District (Rye, New York) as well as a Save America's Treasures Project; NHL designation is the highest recognition conferred by the US government for a historic site—out of more than 80,000 places on the National Register, only about 2,430 are NHLs. The Jay mansion is currently being preserved and restored by the non-profit organization, the Jay Heritage Center, for use as an educational center with programs in American History. In November 2008, it became the first NHL structure in Westchester County and the oldest NHL in New York State to be fitted with a geothermal heating and cooling system.

Peter Augustus Jay and John Jay's leadership roles in the abolition of slavery are regularly examined in a program at the Jay Heritage Center called "Striving for Freedom." It is because of this legacy of social justice that the Jay site was added to the Westchester County African American Heritage Trail in 2004.

See also

• United States House of Representatives elections in New York, 1806
• United States House of Representatives elections in New York, 1810
• United States House of Representatives elections in New York, 1812

References

Notes

1. Stahr, Walter (2006). John Jay: Founding Father. Continuum Publishing Group. pp. 1–5. ISBN 978-0-8264-1879-1.
2. "A Brief Biography of John Jay". The Papers of John Jay. Columbia University. 2002.
3. "LIVINGSTON, William - Biographical Information". bioguide.congress.gov. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
4. Kierner, Cynthia A., Traders and Gentlefolk: The Livingstons of New York, 1675-1790, Cornell University Press, 1992
5. North, Louise V. (December 10, 2004). "The "Amiable" Children of John and Sarah Livingston Jay | Columbia's Legacy: Friends and Enemies in the New Nation" (PDF). columbia.edu. Columbia University and The New-York Historical Society. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
6. Jay p. 14
7. The New York Civil List compiled in 1858 (pages 58, 191 and 428)
8. American Antiquarian Society Members Directory
9. Knowles, Charles, "History of the Bank for Savings in the City of New York," 1936.
10. Kelby p. 83
11. Bergen, Tunis Garret (1915). Genealogies of the State of New York: A Record of the Achievements of Her People in the Making of a Commonwealth and the Founding of a Nation. Lewis Historical Publishing Company. p. 768. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
12. Cutler p. 72
13. Wilder, Craig Steven, A covenant with Color: Race and Social Power in Brooklyn 1636 - 1990, Columbia University Press, 2000.
14. Jay p. 108
15. Wells p. 37
16. Wells p. 56
17. "OBITUARY". The New York Times. 17 November 1891. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
18. The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record. New York Genealogical and Biographical Society. 1880. p. 170. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
19. "MRS. A. M. PIERREPONT DEAD.; Was a Granddaughter of John Jay, First Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court". The New York Times. 3 January 1902. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
20. "H.E. PIERREPONT'S FUNERAL". The New York Times. 1 April 1888. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
21. "HENRY E. PIERREPONT DEAD.; Retired Merchant Was One of the Brooklyn Family of Pierreponts". The New York Times. 5 November 1911. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
22. "FUNERAL OF MISS ELIZABETH C. JAY; Services Held in the Church of the Incarnation". The New York Times. 24 October 1895. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
23. "Obituary -- CLARKSON". The New York Times. 30 June 1910. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
24. "Obituary -- CLARKSON". The New York Times. 13 March 1913. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
25. Wells p. 42

Sources

• Jay, John "Memorials of Peter A. Jay" 1905. G.J. Thieme
• Kelby, Robert Hendre "The New York Historical Society 1804-1904" 1905. Published for the Society
• Wells, Laura Jay "The Jay Family of La Rochelle and New York" 1938. Order of Colonial Lords of Manors in America
• Lamb, Mrs. Martha J. and Harrison, Mrs. Burton "The History of the City of New York, Its Origin, Rise and Progress" 1877. A.S. Barnes
• Cutler, William W. "Status, Values and the Education of the Poor: The Trustees of the New York Public School Society, 1805-1853" American Quarterly, Vol.24, No.1, (Mar.,1972) pp 69–85. The Johns Hopkins University Press

External links

• Official Site-Jay Heritage Center
• Works by or about Peter Augustus Jay at Internet Archive
• The Papers of John Jay An image database and indexing tool comprising some 13,000 documents scanned chiefly from photocopies of original documents from the Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Columbia University in the City of New York and approximately 90 other institutions.
• Library of Congress-Local Legacies-Jay Heritage Center
• Official Site-Save America's Treasures
• The New York Law Institute
• The Amiable Children of John and Sarah Livingston Jay