Pasteur Institute of Iran
Pasteur Institute of Iran is a medical research center located in Tehran, Iran. The institute is one of the oldest leading research and public health centers in Iran and the Middle East, was established in 1920 following an agreement between the Institute Pasteur of Paris and the Iranian government. The Pasteur Institute of Iran was developed with the help of a land donation from Abdol-Hossein Farmanfarma.[1] Its mission is to support advanced research and to provide innovative programs in basic and applied medical sciences, and production of biopharmaceuticals and diagnostic kits with special emphasis on infectious diseases. It meets the specialized and scientific health demands of the local community and tries to establish a link between applied research and industry. Pasteur Institute is a leading regional facility in the development and manufacture of vaccines . The institute has a total staff of 1300 in its 28 departments and 5 branches in different cities of Iran, which are active in different areas of medical and pharmaceutical biotechnology. There are about 300 PhDs and M.Sc graduates.[2]
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| Founded | 21 August 1920 |
|---|---|
| Founder | Abdol-Hossein Farman Farma |
| Headquarters | Pasteur Street, Tehran, Iran |
Key people | Alireza Biglari, Director |
| Parent | Pasteur Institute |
| Website | en |
This institute is a center that provides public health services and has played a significant role in the prevention and control of infectious diseases in Iran and the world during approximate one hundred years of its activities [3]
The establishment of Pasteur Institute of Iran in one century of activity has had many positive effects on public health in Iran. Through its brilliant activities and developing both quality and quantity in its services including conducting research studies associated with the control of infectious diseases, producing vaccines and biological products, launch of public vaccination, holding national and international training course on emerging and reemerging infectious diseases, the Institute has taken great strides in preventing and controlling infectious diseases, and has gained significant credibility and reputation nationally and internationally.
This institute can be a useful model for the country and the region, and it is hoped to continue its important roles in the field of infectious diseases as an effective research and production unit in the second century of its work.
Establishment
After the World War I, as Iran was involved in famine and infectious diseases, an agreement was signed between the Pasteur Institute of Paris and the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs on January 20, 1920, thereby establishing the 10th Pasteur Institute on the International Pasteur Institute's network. The first Pasteur Institute, 32 years earlier, had been founded in 1887 in Paris. Louis Pasteur's goal was to establish branches of the Pasteur Institute for fighting infectious diseases worldwide.[4]
In the years before World War II, when the number of laboratories was scarce, most of the country's health problems were resolved through the Pasteur Institute of Iran. Pasteur Institute of Iran is also the first medical institute and research center in the country.
In 1946 a new scientific cooperation agreement was signed between Pasteur Institute of Paris and Pasteur Institute of Iran, based on which Pasteur Institute of Iran became financially and administratively independent. At this time, Dr. Marcel Baltazard came to Tehran as the fourth and last French director. Dr. Baltazard was the director of Pasteur Institute of Iran until 1961 and changed various structures and activities of Pasteur Institute of Iran. After that, he continued to serve as a scientific advisor to Pasteur Institute of Iran until 1966.[5]
Early activities of the institute
In the early years of its establishment, Pasteur Institute of Iran consisted of departments of epidemiology, smallpox, virology, tuberculosis, chemistry, rabies, microbiology, vaccination, inoculants, and BCG.[3]
With the establishment of Pasteur Institute of Iran, inoculants and smallpox vaccines have become common in the country. The vaccines produced by Pasteur Institute of Iran also covered other countries in the region such as Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Egypt. In the following years, researchers at Pasteur Institute of Iran played an important role in the eradication of smallpox in the Middle East.[6]
Dr. Abolghasem Bahrami went to the Pasteur Institute in Paris in early 1922 and returned to Tehran with a historic Pasteur strain and set up the rabies department at the Pasteur Institute of Iran. Rabies was a serious health problem in the country at the time. The concurrent method of injecting serum and vaccine, demonstrated by Pasteur Institute of Iran, was soon included in the World Health Organization's guidelines for treatment and prevention of rabies. Only with this intervention, Pasteur Institute of Iran could be considered as one of the saviors of humanity. Due to the valuable services of the rabies department at the regional and international level, in 1973, it was selected as the WHO collaborating center for rabies control and research.[7]
BCG department was also established after World War II, and 238 million children from 22 countries used the BCG vaccine produced in Pasteur Institute of Iran. Early in the establishment of Pasteur Institute of Iran, the study of tuberculosis began in the country. After Pasteur Institute of Iran raised the issue of combating tuberculosis in 1952, the TB control organization was set up in the country.
The vaccine and microbiology departments have also done decades of heavy work. Some viral diseases, such as polio, have also been studied since the institute's establishment. One of the most important indigenous microbial diseases in Iran was typhoid fever. Pasteur Institute of Iran, since its first years of establishment, developed an anti-typhoid vaccine based on native microbes.
During the first fifty years of establishment of Pasteur Institute of Iran, numerous cholera epidemics occurred in Iran, and Pasteur Institute of Iran became the largest cholera vaccine production platform. With the cholera vaccine made in Pasteur Institute of Iran, the vaccine shortage at the Pasteur Institute of Paris was also compensated.[3]
The Department of Epidemiology started new scientific activities in the country. It became a practical epidemiology training center in the country, bringing Iranian and foreign researchers to the study areas and teaching them how to do research. One of the diseases that were pandemic during World War II and caused many casualties was the recurrent fever. The continuous research in the Department of Epidemiology helped to control this disease in the country.[8] In the year 1946, the plague outbreak reported in Kurdistan Province of Iran. The Department of Epidemiology conducted extensive studies by qualified experts, provided field labs over the years, and controlled the disease in the west and northwest of the country. In the plague outbreaks of 1946 to 1965, many people were rescued from death by Pasteur Institute of Iran expeditionary groups.[9][10][11]
At the same time, with the establishment of the Department of chemistry, injecting serums provided great help to the medical centers of the country. The blood unit in this Department also carried out scientific studies in this field.[3]
Research groups from Pasteur Institute of Iran, in the early decades of establishment, also conducted studies on other common infectious diseases in Iran, such as arboviruses and tularemia.[12]
During its career, Pasteur Institute of Iran has also been the founder of numerous other scientific movements, including the establishment of the Leprosy treatment center, the establishment of the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, and the disinfection of Tehran's water.[13][14]
Waqf
The tradition of waqf (Islamic donation) has played an important role in the establishment and promotion of the Pasteur Institute of Iran. In 1923, the late Abdul Hossein Mirza Farmanfarmaian dedicated the land to the Pasteur Institute of Iran for the construction of a new building. Other branches of the institute in Tehran are also based in Shemiranat (donated by the late Sabar Mirza Farmanfarmaian) and Ghaem Magham Street (donated by the late Zabihullah MommayezZadeh) and the branches of Amol (donated by the late Zahra Tajer Mashaei) and Akanlu in Hamedan (donated by the late Manouchehr Gharezloo) are also established based on Waqf.[7]
Biotechnology activities
Since the early 1970s, with the start of the Medical Biotechnology Ph.D. Training Course, effective steps have been taken to develop biopharmaceuticals by recombinant DNA technologies at Pasteur Institute of Iran. This institute has played an important role in developing biotechnology knowledge and producing needed medicines in the country.
Present activities
Over time, the Pasteur Institute of Iran's research departments have been added to suit the needs of the community, and today the Institute continues to operate with six research groups and 20 research departments.[7]
At present, the research policy pursued by the institute is to conduct basic and applied research in the field of research and diagnosis, to present various disease control methods focusing on infectious diseases, and to conduct joint research projects with centers inside and outside the country.
Karaj Production Complex
Pasteur Institute of Iran, alongside the Razi Institute, is one of the pillars of human vaccine production in the country. Due to the growing need for vaccines, recombinant products, and injectable solutions, Karaj Production Complex started its activities in 1988. Since the past 100 years, Pasteur Institute of Iran has been able to control various infectious diseases, including smallpox, cholera, rabies, hepatitis B and tuberculosis by producing numerous vaccines and effective health interventions, and has produced other vaccines such as typhoid, anthrax, gonorrhea, and typhus, and has planned to produce pneumococcal and rotavirus vaccines. Karaj Production Complex has made good strides in providing production infrastructure and expanding its activities on the Pasteur Institute's plan.
The diagnostic laboratories at Pasteur Institute of Iran have made the institute the National reference center for Infectious Diseases in the country.
The Pasteur Institute Amol
The North Research Center (NRC) of Pasteur is one of the institutions of the Pasteur Institute of Iran, which was established with the efforts of a group of sponsors in the city of Amol in an area of 23,000 square meters in Amol city in 1994 and now includes about 5000 square meters of physical space containing specialized diagnostic and research laboratories.
The mission of the North Research Center is to provide diagnostics, research, educational, manufacturing, center of development and bio-computing services to five Northern provinces of Iran (Ardebil, Gilan, Mazandaran, Golestan and Semnan).
Other branches of the institute
In 1952, during a plague epidemic in western area of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran founded a health research center in Akanlu, a village located between Zanjan, Kurdistan and Hamadan. As a result of the foundation of this center, the various teams of Pasteur Institute of Iran were able to deal with the control of the plague endemic in there via taken effective strategies. This research center is now called the Research Center for Emerging and Re emerging Infection Diseases. In it, Dr. Marcel Baltazard et al. conducted extensive research on plague and the Akanlu research center was recognized as an international reference center for plague. Since 2015, this center is the national reference center for plague, tularemia and Q fever and has conducted several studies on emerging and reemerging diseases
The North Research Center of Pasteur Institute of Iran started its activity of Amol in 1994 with the aim of providing services to the five northern provinces of Iran.
Educational programs
Pasteur Institute of Iran is currently offering a Ph.D. in four disciplines. In recent years, the institute has ranked first among the medical research institutes in the country.
Publications
| Discipline | Medical microbiology |
|---|---|
| Language | English |
| Edited by | Saied Reza Naddaf |
| Publication details | |
| History | 2013–present |
| Publisher | Pasteur Institute of Iran |
| Frequency | Quarterly |
| Standard abbreviations | |
| ISO 4 | J. Med. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. |
| Indexing | |
| CODEN | JoMMID |
| ISSN | 2345-5349 (print) 2345-5330 (web) |
| LCCN | RC111 |
| Links | |
The Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (or JoMMID) is an official scientific quarterly publication of the institute. It is an open access peer reviewed academic journal published in English since November 2013 and approved by the Ministerial Commission for Accreditation of Iranian Medical Journals on October 19, 2014.[15]
| Discipline | Medical microbiology |
|---|---|
| Language | English |
| Edited by | Mohammad Reza Aghasadeghi |
| Publication details | |
| History | 2013–present |
| Publisher | Pasteur Institute of Iran |
| Frequency | Bi-annual |
| Standard abbreviations | |
| ISO 4 | Vaccine Res. |
| Indexing | |
| CODEN | VacRes |
| ISSN | 2383-2819 (print) 2423-4923 (web) |
| LCCN | QR189, |
| Links | |
Vaccine Research is an international open access peer reviewed academic journal open-access peer-reviewed journal in English that publishes original research papers, review papers, and clinical studies related to all aspects of vaccinology. This interdisciplinary journal publishes the original high-quality research papers that contribute to the field of vaccinology - all original paper submissions across basic and clinical medical research, vaccine manufacturing, history, public policy, behavioral science and ethics, social sciences, safety, and other related areas are welcomed. [16]
See also
References
- Farmānfarmā, Abd-al-Ḥosayn Mīrzā, in Encyclopædia Iranica online [1]. The founding document is reproduced on Plates IIa, IIb and IIc
- "Iran | Countries | NTI". Archived from the original on 2015-11-13. Retrieved 2014-07-18.
- Ghodssi M. Memories of school days and years of served at Pasteur Institute of Iran. Tehran: GAP nashr; 2016.
- Mainbourg J, Yousefi Behzadi M. Marcel Baltazard: Adventure of Plague: Andishmand Press, Tehran, Iran; 2015.
- Keypour, M.; Yousefi Behzadi, M.; Mostafavi, E. (2017). "Remembering Marcel Baltazard, Great Researcher and the French President of Pasteur Institute of Iran". Archives of Iranian Medicine. 20 (8): 553–557. PMID 28846021.
- Mostafavi, E.; Keypour, M. (2017). "The Life and Career of Dr. Mansour Shamsa, A Pioneer in Public Health". Archives of Iranian Medicine. 20 (5): 326–328. PMID 28510470.
- Enayatrad M, Mostafavi E. Pasteur Institute of Iran: History and Services. Research on History of Medicine. 2017;6(4):209-26.
- Mostafavi E., Keypour M. History of plague research center of Pasteur Institute of Iran (1952-2016). Research on History of Medicine. 2017;6(3):139-58.
- Hashemi Shahraki, Abdolrazagh; Carniel, Elizabeth; Mostafavi, Ehsan (2016). "Plague in Iran: its history and current status". Epidemiology and Health. 38: e2016033. doi:10.4178/epih.e2016033. PMC 5037359. PMID 27457063.
- Mahdavi, S.; De Almeida, A. M.; Mostafavi, E. (2019). "SCIENTISTS and SCIENCE ADVOCATES: Dr. Younes Karimi (1929-2008), the Prominent Iranian Physician in the Field of Plague and Other Infectious Diseases". Iranian Biomedical Journal. 23 (1): 1–6. PMC 6305828. PMID 29380589.
- Mahdavi, S.; Enayatrad, M.; Mp De Almeida, A.; Mostafavi, E. (2018). "In Memory of Dr. Mahmoud Bahmanyar, an International Researcher of the Pasteur Institute of Iran". Archives of Iranian Medicine. 21 (9): 428–433. PMID 30221535.
- Arata, A.; Chamsa, H.; Farhang-Azad, A.; Mescerjakova, O.; Neronov, V.; Saidi, S. (1973). "First detection of tularaemia in domestic and wild mammals in Iran". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 49 (6): 597–603. PMC 2481029. PMID 4548386.
- Maslehat S, Mostafavi E. The Role of Pasteur Institute of Iran in Disinfection of Drinking Water of Tehran (1950-1954). Research on History of Medicine. 2018;7(2 May).
- Maslehat S, Mostafavi E. Remembering Dr. Valiollah Assefi, the Father of Leprology in Iran. Research on History of Medicine. 2018;7(3 Aug).
- "About Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases". Pasteur Institute of Iran. Retrieved 2020-03-17.
- "About Vaccine Research". Pasteur Institute of Iran. Retrieved 2020-09-07.