Palkonda Hills

Palkonda Hills are a range of hills that form a part of the Eastern Ghats in the southern Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Meaning "milk hills", they run along a northwest to southeast direction, culminating at the pilgrimage centre of Tirupati.

Palkonda Hills
Palkonda
View of Palkonda Hill Range in Kadapa district
Highest point
Coordinates14°20′47″N 78°39′06″E 
Geography
CountryIndia
Provinces/StatesAndhra Pradesh
Geology
Age of rockCambrian

Etymology

The name Palkonda translates into "milk hills", a combination of the Telugu words pāl meaning milk and konda meaning hill. The name is attributed to the presence of pasture grounds in them.[1][2]

Geographical extent

The Palkonda range has a southeast to northwest orientation and traverse the districts of Anantapur and Cudappah. These hills average 2,000 ft in elevation. The highest point of the range is at Buttaid where it reaches a height of 3,060 ft. A westward extension of the range in Anantapur forms the Seshachalam Hills.[1][2]

Geology

The Palkonda hills are relict mountains that can be traced back to the Cambrian period. They have over the course of over 500 million years been eroded by the Penner river and its tributaries. The hills are largely composed of quartzite formations interspersed with lava and slate deposits.[3][4]

Rivers

The Punchu and Cheyyeru are important rivers of this region and, along with the Chitravati and Papagni rivers, form a series of river basins that marks the middle course of the Penner river of which they are tributaries. There are several streams between the Palkonda and its parallel range Velikonda that have been dammed to irrigate the valleys between the ranges.[3][4] Jowar and groundnut are the principal crops cultivated here.[5]

Flora and fauna

There are teak forests in these hills and it is also a habitat of the highly endangered Jerdon's courser.[6][7]

Human habitations

The sacred hill of Tirumala and temple town of Tirupati lies at the southeastern end of the Palkonda range.[2] The Mumbai-Chennai railway line is an important transport artery that runs parallel to the hills through Guntakal and Renigunta.[8]

References
  1. Imperial Gazetteer of India (Volume 19). Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1908. p. 367.
  2. Provincial Geographies of India : THE MADRAS PRESIDENCY WITH MYSORE, COORG AND THE ASSOCIATED STATES. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 1913. p. 20.
  3. Murty, M. L. K. (2003). Comprehensive History and Culture of Andhra Pradesh: Pre- and protohistoric Andhra Pradesh up to 500 BC. Hyderabad: Orient Blackswan. p. 11. ISBN 9788125024750.
  4. Students' Britannica India, Volume 4. New Delhi: Encyclopædia Britannica (India). 2000. p. 147. ISBN 9780852297605.
  5. "Palkonda Hills". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
  6. "Jerdon's Courser: A Precious Rarity". India's Dangered. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
  7. Accounts and Papers of the House of Commons. United Kingdom: Parliament. House of Commons. 1862. p. 230.
  8. "Work begins on new rail line in AP". The Hindu Businessline. 28 December 2002. Retrieved 28 June 2013.

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