Palantla Chinantec

Palantla Chinantec
	Tlatepuzco Chinantec
Native to	Mexico
Region	Oaxaca
Ethnicity	Chinantecs
Native speakers	25,000 (2007)[1]
Language family	Oto-Mangue Western Oto-Mangue Oto-Pame–Chinantecan Chinantec Palantla Chinantec; ; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Either:; cpa – Palantla Chinantec; cvn – Valle Nacional Chinantec
Glottolog	pala1351 Palantla; vall1253 Valle Nacional
ELP	Lower Central Chinantec[2]

Palantla Chinantec, also known as Chinanteco de San Pedro Tlatepuzco, is a major Chinantecan language of Mexico, spoken in San Juan Palantla and a couple dozen neighboring towns in northern Oaxaca. The variety of San Mateo Yetla, known as Valle Nacional Chinantec, has marginal mutual intelligibility.

A grammar and a dictionary have been published.[3][4]

The language is unusual in having, for some speakers, a three-way contrast between non-nasalized, lightly nasalized, and heavily nasalized vowels.[5]

Phonology

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		ɯ	u
Mid	ɛ		ɤ	o
Open		a

Close vowels /i u/ typically are articulated as more open [ɪ ʊ] and are realized as more closed when represented by different tones. The close back vowel /ɯ/ tends to be articulated as [ə] when present in vowel clusters following /u/, or when preceding the /j/ consonant, and may also have a higher central sound. The mid back vowel /ɤ/ tends to be articulated as [ɜ] or [ɨ] when preceding a /w/ consonant. The low central vowel /a/ tends to be realized as [ɐ] following /i/ when one of the consonants /t l n/ occurs.

Each vowel can be nasalized as /ĩ ɯ̃ ũ ɛ̃ ɤ̃ õ ã/.

Stress tones may include either high or low /v́ v̀/ tones.[6][3]

Consonants

		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Plosive	voiceless	p	t		k	ʔ
Plosive	voiced	b	d		ɡ
Affricate	voiceless		t͡s
Affricate	voiced		d͡z
Rhotic			r
Fricative		ɸ	s			h
Nasal		m	n		ŋ
Approximant		w	l	j

References

Palantla Chinantec at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Valle Nacional Chinantec at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Endangered Languages Project data for Lower Central Chinantec.
Merrifield, William R. 1968. Palantla Chinantec grammar. Papeles de la Chinantla 5, Serie Científica 9.México: Museo Nacional de Antropología.
Merrifield, William R. and Alfred E. Anderson. 2007. Diccionario Chinanteco de la diáspora del pueblo antiguo de San Pedro Tlatepuzco, Oaxaca. [2nd Edition]. Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves” 39. Mexico DF: Summer Linguistic Institute. .
Juliette Blevins (2004). Evolutionary Phonology: The Emergence of Sound Patterns. Cambridge University Press. p. 203.
Merrifield, William R. (1963). Palantla Chinantec Syllable Types. Anthropological Linguistics Vol. 5, No. 5: Anthropological Linguistics. pp. 1–16.CS1 maint: location (link)

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[e18-1] Palantla Chinantec at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Valle Nacional Chinantec at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)

[ELP-2] Endangered Languages Project data for Lower Central Chinantec.

[:0-3] Merrifield, William R. 1968. Palantla Chinantec grammar. Papeles de la Chinantla 5, Serie Científica 9.México: Museo Nacional de Antropología.

[MA2007-4] Merrifield, William R. and Alfred E. Anderson. 2007. Diccionario Chinanteco de la diáspora del pueblo antiguo de San Pedro Tlatepuzco, Oaxaca. [2nd Edition]. Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves” 39. Mexico DF: Summer Linguistic Institute. .

[5] Juliette Blevins (2004). Evolutionary Phonology: The Emergence of Sound Patterns. Cambridge University Press. p. 203.

[6] Merrifield, William R. (1963). Palantla Chinantec Syllable Types. Anthropological Linguistics Vol. 5, No. 5: Anthropological Linguistics. pp. 1–16.CS1 maint: location (link)