Opopanax (genus)

Opopanax
	Opopanax chironium
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Apiales
Family:	Apiaceae
Genus:	Opopanax; W.D.J.Koch

Opopanax is a genus of plants in the family Apiaceae.

Species

Opopanax include four species:[1]

Opopanax chironium (L.) W.D.J.Koch
Opopanax hispidus (Friv.) Griseb.
Opopanax persicus Boiss.
Opopanax siifolius (Boiss. & Heldr.) Menemen

Etymology

The genus name Opopanax derives from Anglo-Norman opopanac, from Latin opopanax, from Hellenistic Greek ὀποπάναξ, from Ancient Greek ὀπός (opos, "juice") + πάναξ (panax, "all-healing").[2] Therefore, opopanax literally means the juice (gum resin) of all-heal. There were many different plants called all-heal (πάνακες or panaces) in Ancient Greece and Rome. However, according to Dioscorides, opopanax was obtained specifically from a kind of all-heal named πάνακες Ἡράκλειον (panaces Heraclion, "Hercules' all-heal"), which has been identified as Opopanax chironium,[3][4][5] O. persicus[5] and O. hispidus[6]

The term opopanax traditionally refers to the medicinal gum resin of Opopanax sp., but in perfumery, opopanax refers to the gum resin of an unrelated species Commiphora guidottii.[5]

Taxonomic history

The genus was created by Wilhelm Koch based on the species Opopanax chironium, previously known as Pastinaca opopanax L. and Ferula opopanax Spreng.[7]

References

"Opopanax siifolius (Boiss. & Heldr.) Menemen". Plants of the World Online. Kew Science. Retrieved 2020-08-29.
"opopanax". Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved 2009-12-27. (subscription required)
Dioscorides, Pedanius (1902). Des Pedanios Dioskurides aus Anazarbos. Translated by Julius Berendes. Stuttgart, Germany: Verlag von Ferdinand Enke. pp. 295–297.
Royle, John Forbes (1847). Carson, Joseph (ed.). Materia Medica and Therapeutics: Including the Preparations of the Pharmacopoeias of London, Edinburgh, Dublin, and (of the United States) with Many New Medicines. Philadelphia, US: Lea and Blanchard. p. 405.
Thulin, Mats; Claeson, Per (1991). "The Botanical Origin of Scented Myrrh (Bissabol or Habak Hadi)". Economic Botany. 45 (4): 487–494. doi:10.1007/BF02930711. ISSN 0013-0001. JSTOR 4255391.
Dioscorides, Pedanius (2017). De materia medica. Translated by Lily Y. Beck (3rd ed.). Hildesheim, Germany: Georg Olms Verlag. ISBN 9783487155715.
"Generum Tribuumque plantarum umbelliferarum nova dispositio". Nova Acta Physico-Medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum. 12 (1): 55–156 (on page 96). Retrieved 8 June 2014.

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[1] "Opopanax siifolius (Boiss. & Heldr.) Menemen". Plants of the World Online. Kew Science. Retrieved 2020-08-29.

[oed-2] "opopanax". Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved 2009-12-27. (subscription required)

[3] Dioscorides, Pedanius (1902). Des Pedanios Dioskurides aus Anazarbos. Translated by Julius Berendes. Stuttgart, Germany: Verlag von Ferdinand Enke. pp. 295–297.

[4] Royle, John Forbes (1847). Carson, Joseph (ed.). Materia Medica and Therapeutics: Including the Preparations of the Pharmacopoeias of London, Edinburgh, Dublin, and (of the United States) with Many New Medicines. Philadelphia, US: Lea and Blanchard. p. 405.

[:0-5] Thulin, Mats; Claeson, Per (1991). "The Botanical Origin of Scented Myrrh (Bissabol or Habak Hadi)". Economic Botany. 45 (4): 487–494. doi:10.1007/BF02930711. ISSN 0013-0001. JSTOR 4255391.

[6] Dioscorides, Pedanius (2017). De materia medica. Translated by Lily Y. Beck (3rd ed.). Hildesheim, Germany: Georg Olms Verlag. ISBN 9783487155715.

[7] "Generum Tribuumque plantarum umbelliferarum nova dispositio". Nova Acta Physico-Medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum. 12 (1): 55–156 (on page 96). Retrieved 8 June 2014.