OpenShift

OpenShift is a family of containerization software products developed by Red Hat. Its flagship product is the OpenShift Container Platform — an on-premises platform as a service built around Docker containers orchestrated and managed by Kubernetes on a foundation of Red Hat Enterprise Linux. The family's other products provide this platform through different environments: OKD serves as the community-driven upstream (akin to the way that Fedora is upstream of Red Hat Enterprise Linux), OpenShift Online is the platform offered as software as a service, and Openshift Dedicated is the platform offered as a managed service.

Not to be confused with OpenStack.
OpenShift
Developer(s)Red Hat
Initial releaseMay 4, 2011 (2011-05-04)
Stable release
4.6.0 / October 27, 2020 (2020-10-27)[1]
Repository
Written inGo, Angular.js
Operating systemRed Hat Enterprise Linux or Container Linux by CoreOS
TypeCloud computing, Platform as a service
LicenseApache License 2.0[2][3]
Websiteopenshift.com

The OpenShift Console has developer and administrator oriented views. Administrator views allow one to monitor container resources and container health, manage users, work with operators, etc. Developer views are oriented around working with application resources within a namespace. OpenShift also provides a CLI that supports a superset of the actions that the Kubernetes CLI provides.

History

OpenShift originally came from Red Hat's acquisition of Makara[4] - a company with a proprietary PaaS solution[5]based on Linux containers.[6] Even though OpenShift was announced in May 2011, it was proprietary technology and did not become open-source until May of 2012.[7] Up until v3, the container technology and container orchestration technology used custom developed technologies. This changed in v3 with the adoption of Docker as the container technology, and Kubernetes as the container orchestration technology.[8] The v4 product has many other architectural changes - a prominent one being a shift to using CRI-O[9] as the container runtime (and Podman for interacting with pods and containers), and Buildah as the container build tool,[10] thus breaking the exclusive dependency on Docker.

Architecture

The main difference between OpenShift and vanilla Kubernetes is the concept of build-related artifacts. In OpenShift, such artifacts are considered first class Kubernetes resources upon which standard Kubernetes operations can apply. OpenShift's client program, known as "oc", offers a superset of the standard capabilities bundled in the mainline "kubectl" client program of Kubernetes.[11] Using this client, one can directly interact with the build-related resources using sub-commands (such as "new-build" or "start-build"). In addition to this, an OpenShift-native pod build technology called Source-to-Image (S2I) is available out of the box, thought this is slowly being phased out in favor of Tekton - which is a cloud native way of building and deploying to Kubernetes. For the OpenShift platform, this provides capabilities equivalent to what Jenkins can do.

Some other differences when OpenShift is compared to Kubernetes:

  1. The v4 product line uses the CRI-O runtime - which means that docker daemons are not present on the master or worker nodes. This improves the security posture of the cluster.
  2. The out-of-the-box install of OpenShift comes included with an image repository.
  3. ImageStreams (a sequence of pointers to images which can be associated with deployments) and Templates (a packaging mechanism for application components) are unique to OpenShift and simplify application deployment and management.
  4. The "new-app" command which can be used to initiate an application deployment automatically applies the app label (with the value of the label taken from the --name argument) to all resources created as a result of the deployment. This can simplify the management of application resources.
  5. In terms of platforms, OpenShift used to be limited to Red Hat’s own offerings but now supports others like AWS, IBM Cloud and vSphere with OpenShift 4.[12]
  6. OpenShift’s implementation of Deployment, called DeploymentConfig is logic-based in comparison to Kubernetes' controller-based Deployment objects.[13] As of v4.5, OpenShift is steering more towards Deployments by changing the default behavior of its CLI.
  7. An embedded OperatorHub. This is a web gui where can browse and install a library of Kubernetes Operators and that have been packaged for easy lifecycle management. These include Red Hat authored Operators, Red Hat Certified Operators and Community Operators[14]

Openshift also tightly controls the Operating Systems used. The Master components have to be running Red Hat CoreOS. This level of control enables the cluster to support upgrades and patches of the Master nodes with minimal effort. The Worker Nodes can be running other variants of Linux or even Windows.

OpenShift introduced the concept of routes - points of traffic ingress into the Kubernetes cluster. The Kubernetes ingress concept was modeled after this.[15]

OpenShift also provides value adds by bundling various software solutions - application runtimes as well as infrastructure components from the Kubernetes ecosystem. For example, for observability needs, Prometheus, Hawkular, and Istio (and their dependencies) are included out of the box. The Red Hat branding of Istio is called Red Hat Service Mesh, and is based on an opensource project called Maistra, that aligns base Istio to the needs of opensource OpenShift.

Products

OpenShift Container Platform

OpenShift Container Platform (formerly known as OpenShift Enterprise[16]) is Red Hat's on-premises private platform as a service product, built around a core of application containers powered by Docker, with orchestration and management provided by Kubernetes, on a foundation of Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS).[17]

OKD

OKD,[18] known until August 2018 as OpenShift Origin[19] (Origin Community Distribution) is the upstream community project used in OpenShift Online, OpenShift Dedicated, and OpenShift Container Platform. Built around a core of Docker container packaging and Kubernetes container cluster management, OKD is augmented by application lifecycle management functionality and DevOps tooling. OKD provides an open source application container platform. All source code for the OKD project is available under the Apache License (Version 2.0) on GitHub.[20]

Red Hat OpenShift Online

Red Hat OpenShift Online (RHOO) is Red Hat's public cloud application development and hosting service which runs on AWS and IBM Cloud.[21]

Online offered version 2 of the OKD project source code, which is also available under the Apache License Version 2.0.[22] This version supported a variety of languages, frameworks, and databases via pre-built "cartridges" running under resource-quota "gears". Developers could add other languages, databases, or components via the OpenShift Cartridge application programming interface.[23] This was deprecated in favour of OpenShift 3[24] and was withdrawn on 30 September 2017 for non-paying customers and 31 December 2017 for paying customers.[25]

OpenShift 3 is built around Kubernetes. It can run any Docker-based container, but Openshift Online is limited to running containers that do not require root.[24]

OpenShift Dedicated

OpenShift Dedicated is Red Hat's managed private cluster offering, built around a core of application containers powered by Docker, with orchestration and management provided by Kubernetes, on a foundation of Red Hat Enterprise Linux. It is available on the Amazon Web Services (AWS), IBM Cloud, Google Cloud Platform (GCP) and Microsoft Azure marketplaces since December 2016.[26][27]

See also

References
  1. https://www.openshift.com/blog/red-hat-openshift-4.6-is-now-available
  2. Mark Atwood (2012-04-27). "FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions". Archived from the original on 2012-05-24.
  3. Jim Jagielski (2012-04-30). "Announcing OpenShift Origin – The Open Source Platform as a Service (PaaS)". Archived from the original on 2016-05-13. Retrieved 2016-04-27.
  4. "Red Hat acquires Makara".
  5. "Announcing OpenShift".
  6. https://blog.openshift.com/red-hat-chose-kubernetes-openshift/
  7. "Announcing OpenShift Origins".
  8. "Why Red Hat chose Kubernetes for OpenShift".
  9. "cri-o".
  10. Henry, William (February 2019). "Podman and Buildah for Docker users – Red Hat Developer Blog". //.
  11. Caban, William (2019). Architecting and Operating OpenShift Clusters: OpenShift for Infrastructure and Operations Teams. Chapter 2: Apress. ISBN 978-1-4842-4984-0.CS1 maint: location (link)
  12. https://thechief.io/c/editorial/kubernetes-vs-openshift-what-you-need-know
  13. https://thechief.io/c/editorial/kubernetes-vs-openshift-what-you-need-know.
  14. OpenShift Container Platform 4.5 Documentation
  15. Kubernetes Ingress vs OpenShift Route
  16. "OpenShift Container Platform 3.3 Release Notes | Release Notes | OpenShift Container Platform 3.3". docs.openshift.com. 27 September 2016. Retrieved 8 May 2019.
  17. https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/4.2/installing/installing_bare_metal/installing-bare-metal.html
  18. https://www.wikieduonline.com/wiki/OKD
  19. "OKD: Renaming of OpenShift Origin with 3.10 Release – Red Hat OpenShift Blog". 3 August 2018.
  20. OpenShift Origin on GitHub
  21. Vaughan-Nichols, Steven J. "Red Hat opens new OpenShift Platform-as-a-Service public cloud – ZDNet".
  22. OpenShift Origin server on GitHub
  23. "OpenShift Origin Cartridge Developer's Guide". 2016-04-27. Archived from the original on 2016-05-07. Retrieved 2016-04-27.
  24. "Migrating Applications from OpenShift v2 to OpenShift 3 – OpenShift Blog". 18 May 2017.
  25. "Get Ready to Migrate to OpenShift Online 3 – OpenShift Blog". 25 August 2017.
  26. Vaughan-Nichols, Steven J. "Red Hat launches OpenShift on Google Cloud – ZDNet".
  27. "Red Hat Launches OpenShift Dedicated on Google Cloud Platform". www.redhat.com.

Further reading
  • Jamie Duncan; John Osborne (May 2018). OpenShift in Action. Manning Publications Co. ISBN 978-1-6172-9483-9.
  • Stefano Picozzi; Mike Hepburn; Noel O'Conner (May 2017). DevOps with OpenShift. O'Reilly Media. ISBN 978-1-4919-7596-1.
  • Grant Shipley; Graham Dumpleton (August 2016). OpenShift for Developers. O'Reilly Media. ISBN 978-1-4919-6138-4.
  • Steve Pousty; Katie Miller (May 2014). Getting Started with OpenShift. O'Reilly Media. ISBN 978-1-4919-0047-5.


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