Odakyu 8000 series

The Odakyu 8000 series (小田急8000形, Odakyū 8000-gata) is a commuter electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by the private railway operator Odakyu Electric Railway in Japan since 1983.

Odakyu 8000 series
A 8000 series train
In service	22 March 1983 – Present
Manufacturer	Nippon Sharyo, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Tokyu Car Corporation
Constructed	1982 – 1987
Refurbished	2002 – 2013
Scrapped	2020 –
Number built	160 vehicles (32 sets)
Number in service	148 vehicles (30 sets)
Number scrapped	12 vehicles
Formation	4 or 6 cars per trainset
Fleet numbers	8051 – 8066, 8251 – 8266
Operator(s)	Odakyu Electric Railway
Depot(s)	Kitami
Line(s) served	Odakyū Odawara Line, Odakyū Enoshima Line, Odakyū Tama Line
Specifications
Car body construction	Steel
Car length	20,000 mm (65 ft 7 in)
Width	2,900 mm (9 ft 6 in)
Height	4,145 mm (13 ft 7 in)
Doors	4 pairs per side
Maximum speed	100 km/h (service)[1] 110 km/h (design)[2]
Traction system	At the time of manufacture Mitsubishi-made resistor control with field chopper control (GTO switching device), controlled by electric camshaft. 13 steps in series, 10 steps in parallel, field weakening (chopper-controlled) and 13 steps for regenerative braking[3] 6-car sets : 8251, 8255 After refurbishment 2003~2007 : Mitsubishi-made 2-level VVVF (Intelligent Power Module using IGBT switching device) 6-car sets : 8252 – 8254, 8256 – 8262, 8266 2007~2012 : Mitsubishi-made 2-level VVVF (Intelligent Power Module using IGBT switching device). Same control device as above but the software was adapted for the new totally enclosed traction motors 6-car sets : 8263, 8264, 8265 4-car sets : 8051 – 8058, 8060, 8062 – 8066 2013 : Mitsubishi-made 3-level VVVF (silicon carbide hybrid module using IGBT switching device) 4-car sets : 8059 and 8061
Traction motors	Mitsubishi DC compound motor 6-car sets : 8251, 8255 Mitsubishi three-phase squirrel-cage induction motor 6-car sets : 8252 – 8254, 8256 – 8262, 8266 Mitsubishi totally enclosed fan-cooled three-phase squirrel-cage induction motor (similar to 4000 series) 6-car sets : 8263, 8264, 8265 4-car sets : 8051 – 8066
Power output	140 kW x4 per motored car (field chopper sets) 190 kW x4 per motored car (VVVF sets)
Acceleration	3.0 km/h/s (field chopper sets)[4] 3.3 km/h/s (VVVF sets)[5]
Deceleration	3.5 km/h/s (field chopper sets)[4] 4.0 km/h/s (VVVF sets)
Electric system(s)	1,500 V DC
Current collection method	Overhead lines
Bogies	FS516 (powered cars) FS016 (non-powered cars)
Braking system(s)	Regenerative braking
Safety system(s)	OM-ATS, D-ATS-P
Multiple working	4000I/5000I/9000/1000/3000 series
Track gauge	1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)

Note: By convention, Odakyu trainsets are identified by the number of the car facing the Shinjuku end of the Odakyu Odawara Line.

Formation

Trains are formed as 6- and 4-car sets as shown below, with car 1/7 facing the Odawara, Fujisawa or Karakida end and car 6/10 facing the Shinjuku or Katase-Enoshima end. Trains are mostly used in 6+4 car formations.

6-car sets

Car No.	1	2	3	4	5	6
Designation	Tc2	M3	T1	M2	M1	Tc1
Numbering	8550	8500	8450	8300	8200	8250
Capacity	144	162	162	162	162	144
Weight (t)	31.2	39.8	33.3	40.3	39.3	31.7

The M3 and M2 cars each have two single-arm pantographs.

4-car sets

Car No.	7	8	9	10
Designation	Tc2	M2	M1	Tc1
Numbering	8150	8100	8000	8050
Capacity	144	162	162	144
Weight (t)	31.3	40.5	39.2	34.1

The M1 and M2 cars each have one single-arm pantograph.

Interior

Passenger accommodation consists of 7-person bench seating situated between the doors with blue upholstery, with smaller bench seats that hold up to 4 at the car ends. Trains refurbished in 2007 have an interior that is remarkably similar to the 4000 series. Some cars have a jump seat that folds up to provide space for wheelchair-bound commuters.

• 
  Interior of an 8000 series car
• 
  Interior of an 8000 series car refurbished in 2007
• 
  Jump seat in car 8263

History

Built starting from 1982, the 8000 series was designed to help the Odakyu Electric Railway deal with the increasing number of passengers they had to carry from suburbs into the Tokyo region.[6] The 8000 series was the last Odakyu trainset to use their distinctive ivory body with blue accents; all future Odakyu commuter trains would use unpainted stainless steel bodies with the same blue accents.

Starting from 2002, the 8000 series would undergo a program of refurbishment. Improvements include replacement of LED screens, new variable-frequency drive systems and replacement of the lozenge-style pantographs to single-arm pantographs among others.

Set 8255, one of the last two remaining field chopper sets, was withdrawn from service in August 2020. It was carried out of Sagami-Ōno depot to a scrapping facility on 27 October 2020,[7] making it the second scrapped set of this series after set 8264 (see below).

• 
  OER set 8253 in 1987
• 
  Unrefurbished driving cab
• 
  Refurbished driving cab

Accidents and incidents

On 12 August 2013 at about 6:35pm JST,[8][9] 8000 series set 8261 (operated with set 8058[10]) was struck by lightning. No passengers were hurt as the train was equipped with lightning arresters; however, as a result of the strike, the train was left stalled for about twenty minutes[11] and needed repairs. On 19 June 2019, set 8264 (operated with set 8064) was severely damaged in a collision with a car stuck at a level crossing between Hon-Atsugi and Aikōishida.[12] Set 8264 was scrapped on 1st April the following year.

• 
  8561, the set involved in the incident, in 2012

References

1. 小田急電鉄のひみつ [Secrets of the Odakyu Electric Railway] (in Japanese). Japan: PHP Institute, Inc. 26 January 2012. p. 34. ISBN 978-4-569-80244-2.
2. 鉄道ピクトリアルNo.829 [The Railway Pictorial No. 829]. The Railway Pictorial (in Japanese). No. 829. Japan: Denkisya Kenkyukai Co., Ltd. January 2010. pp. 310–311.
3. http://bikke.o.oo7.jp/tetsu/odakyu/odc08000.htm
4. 鉄道ピクトリアルNo.414 [The Railway Pictorial No. 414]. The Railway Pictorial (in Japanese). No. 414. Japan: Denkisya Kenkyukai Co., Ltd. March 1983. p. 42.
5. 8000形更新車諸元表 [Refurbished Odakyu 8000 series specification sheet]. Rolling Stock & Technology (in Japanese). No. 98. Japan: Rail & Tech Publishing. December 2008. pp. 18, 49.
6. 小田急電鉄の車両 [Vehicles of the Odakyu Electric Railway] (in Japanese). Japan: JTB Publishing, Inc. 2002. p. 75. ISBN 978-4533044694.
7. "【小田急】8000形8255×6(8255F)廃車陸送".
8. "小田急8000形8261Fが、昨年8月に発生した落雷故障の修理を終えて運用復帰！".
9. "事故・トラブルの発生状況と再発防止" [Troubling occurrences and prevention of such situations]. Odakyu Electric Railway. June 2014. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
10. "2009（平成21）年以降の鉄道人身事故一覧＠ウイキ" [List of railway accidents resulting in injury or death after 2009].
11. 小田急線の電車に落雷、衝撃の瞬間 [Train on the Odakyu Line struck by lightning, almost a disaster]. JNN News (in Japanese). Japan: Yahoo! Japan. 19 August 2013. Archived from the original on 23 April 2011. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
12. "小田急線が乗用車と衝突、脱線 ２０日始発から運転再開：朝日新聞デジタル". 朝日新聞デジタル (in Japanese). Retrieved 8 December 2020.