Nikanassin Formation

The Nikanassin Formation is a stratigraphic unit of Late Jurassic (Portlandian) to Early Cretaceous (Barremian) age.[2] It is present along the western edge of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin in western Alberta and northeastern British Columbia.[3] Its name was first proposed by D.B. Dowling in 1909 (Coal Fields South of Grand Trunk Pacific Railway, in the foothills of the Rocky Mountain, Alberta Page 140 paragraph 4 " to this it is proposed to give the name Nikanassin, from the Cree word meaning outer range" Also it is noted on the map by D.B. Dowling.(Geological Survey of Canada. Incorrect info follows: It was named by B.R. MacKay in 1929[1] for the Nikanassin Range of the front-central ranges of the Canadian Rockies (Nikanassin means "first range" in Cree[4]). Mackay did not designate a type locality for the formation, although he described outcrops near the hamlet of Brûlé, north of the Yellowhead Highway outside of Jasper National Park.[5][6]

Nikanassin Formation Stratigraphic range: Portlandian to Barremian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Nikanassin Formation near Brule
Type	Geological formation
Underlies	Cadomin Formation
Overlies	Fernie Formation
Thickness	400 meters (1,300 ft) to 0
Lithology
Primary	Sandstone, shale
Other	Coal
Location
Coordinates	53°17′21″N 117°52′34″W
Region	Western Canada Sedimentary Basin
Country	Canada
Type section
Named for	Nikanassin Range
Named by	MacKay, 1929[1]

Depositional history

The Nikanassin Formation grades from marine sediments at the base to coastal and continental at the top.[5][6] The sediments were derived from newly uplifted mountains to the west and deposited along the western margin of the Western Interior Seaway, which is represented by the marine shales of the Fernie Formation.[3]

Lithology

The Nikanassin consists primarily of marine sandstones interbedded with dark grey shales. The sandstones are dark grey, hard, mostly quartzose, and fine- to medium-grained. In the foothills the upper beds are nonmarine and include thin coal beds and carbonaceous shales. There are no commercially significant coal beds.[5][6]

Thickness and distribution

The Nikanassin thickens northward from the foothills near the North Saskatchewan River, reaching a maximum of about 400 meters (1,300 ft) near Brûlé. From there it thins toward the east and north. It extends into the southernmost part of northeastern British Columbia, where it transitions into the Minnes Group.[5][6]

Relationship to other units

The Nikanassin is roughly equivalent to the Kootenay Group of the southern Alberta foothills and the Minnes Group north of northeastern British Columbia. It conformably overlies and interfingers with the "Passage Beds" at the top of the Fernie Formation.[5][6]

A major period of regional erosion occurred after the deposition of the Nikanassin, removing some of the uppermost Nikanassin strata prior to the deposition of the overlying conglomerates of the Cadomin Formation. The contact between the two formations is thus sharp and unconformable.[3][5]

References

1. Mackay, B.R., 1929a. Mountain Park Sheet, West of Fifth Meridian, Alberta; Geological Survey of Canada, "A" Series Map 208A, Scale: 1:63360 (1 Inch to 1 Mile).
2. Poulton, T.P., Tittemore, J. and Dolby, G. 1990. Jurassic strata of northwestern (and west-central) Alberta and northeastern British Columbia. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology 38A: 159-175.
3. Mossop, G.D. and Shetsen, I., (compilers), Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists and Alberta Geological Survey (1994). "The Geological Atlas of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, Chapter 18: Jurassic and Lowermost Cretaceous strata of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin". Archived from the original on 2013-03-26. Retrieved 2013-08-01.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
4. Bivuac.com. "Nikanassin Range". Retrieved 2009-02-05.
5. Glass, D.J. (editor) 1997. Lexicon of Canadian Stratigraphy, vol. 4, Western Canada including eastern British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and southern Manitoba. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Calgary, 1423 p. on CD-ROM. ISBN 0-920230-23-7.
6. Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units. "Nikanassin Formation". Retrieved 2009-02-05.