New Territories West (constituency)

The New Territories West geographical constituency, or simply "NT West" is one of the geographical constituencies in the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. Located in the western part of the New Territories, it is the largest geographical constituency in Hong Kong. It encompasses Tsuen Wan District, Kwai Tsing District, Tuen Mun District, Yuen Long District and Islands District. It currently elects 9 Members of the Legislative Council using the Hare quota of party-list proportional representation.

New Territories West
Geographical Constituency
for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong
Boundary of New Territories West in Hong Kong
DistrictTsuen Wan District
Tuen Mun District
Yuen Long District
Kwai Tsing District
Islands District
RegionNew Territories
Population2,099,766
Electorate1,086,515[1]
Current constituency
Created1998
Number of members9
Member(s)Pro-Beijing (5):
  Michael Tien (Roundtable)
  Ben Chan (DAB/NTAS)
  Alice Mak (FTU)
  Leung Che-cheung (DAB)
  Junius Ho (Independent)
Localist (1):
  Cheng Chung-tai (CP)
Vacant (3)
Created fromNew Territories South-west,
New Territories West,
New Territories South,
New Territories Central,
New Territories North-west

History

The constituency was formed since the 1998 legislative election, replacing a number of single-member constituencies in 1995. These were New Territories West and New Territories South in the 1991 election with dual-seat constituency dual vote system and New Territories South, New Territories West, New Territories Central, New Territories Southwest and New Territories Northwest in the 1995 election. From 1985 to 1991, the seats were elected by the electoral colleges composed of the members of the district boards and Regional Council.

LegCo members for former New Territories West constituencies, 1985–1997
1985–1988 New Territories (West) New Territories (South)
Tai Chin-wah
(Ind)
Richard Lai
(IndADPL)
1988–1991 Daniel Lam
(Ind)
1991–1995 New Territories West New Territories South Part of New
Territories
East
constituency
Tai Chin-wah
(Ind)
Ng Ming-yam
(UD/MP)
Albert Chan
(UDDP)
Lee Wing-tat
(UDDP)
Zachary Wong
(MPDP)
Tang Siu-tong
(Ind)
1995–1997 Part of New
Territories North
constituency
New Territories
North-west
New Territories
West
New Territories
Central
New Territories
South-west
New Territories
South
Part of New
Territories
South-east
constituency
Zachary Wong
(DP)
Albert Ho
(DP)
Albert Chan
(DP)
Lee Wing-tat
(DP)
Sin Chung-kai
(DP)

Members returned

Below are all the members since the creation of the New Territories West constituency. The number of seats allocated to New Territories has been increased from 5 to 9 between 1998 and 2012 due to the enlargement.

LegCo members for New Territories West, 1998–present
Term Election Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member
1st 1998 Lee Wing-tat
(DP)
Tam Yiu-chung
(DAB)
Albert Ho
(DP)
Lee Cheuk-yan
(TFCTULab/CTU)
Leung Yiu-chung
(NWSC)
2nd 2000 Albert Chan
(DPIndLSDPP)
Tang Siu-tong
(PA)
3rd 2004 Cheung Hok-ming
(DAB)
Lee Wing-tat
(DP)
Selina Chow
(LP)
4th 2008 Wong Kwok-hing
(FTU)
2010 (b)
5th 2012 Kwok Ka-ki
(CP)
Leung Che-cheung
(DAB/NTAS)
Michael Tien
(NPPRT)
Alice Mak
(FTU)
Chan Han-pan
(DAB/NTAS)
6th 2016 Cheng Chung-tai
(Civic Passion)
Junius Ho
(Ind)
Eddie Chu
(Ind)
Andrew Wan
(DP)
Vacant
Vacant Vacant

Summary of seats won

Term Election Distribution
1st 1998
1 1 2 1
2nd 2000
1 1 2 1 1
3rd 2004
1 1 1 2 1 2
4th 2008
1 1 1 2 2 1
5th 2012
1 1 1 1 1 3 1
6th 2016
1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1
199820002004200820122016
Democratic || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || || 1
DAB || 1 || 1 || 2 || 2 || 3 || 2
Frontier || 1 || || || || ||
NWSC || || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 ||
CTU || || 1 || 1 || 1 || ||
Progressive Alliance1
Liberal || || || 1 || || ||
FTU || || || || 1 || 1 || 1
LSD || || || || 1 || ||
Civic || || || || || 1 || 1
People Power || || || || || 1 ||
Labour || || || || || 1 ||
NPP || || || || || 1 || 1
Civic Passion || || || || || || 1
Independent || 1 || || 1 || || || 2
Pro-democracy445544
Pro-Beijing123355
Seats568899

Vote share summary

199820002004200820122016
Democratic || 39.2 || 34.3 || 26.9 || 23.2 || 11.8 || 6.9
DAB || 19.4 || 29.6 || 24.9 || 23.1 || 22.8 || 18.0
Frontier || 12.5 || || || || ||
NWSC || 10.3 || 17.3 || 12.7 || 10.7 || 8.8 || 3.5
ADPL || 5.2 || || 3.1 || 1.7 || || 3.4
Liberal || 0.8 || 2.7 || 10.9 || 5.4 || || 0.2
CTU || || 15.2 || 9.9 || 10.6 || ||
FTU || || || || 9.0 || 7.1 || 8.2
LSD || || || || 8.1 || 1.9 || 4.7
Civic || || || || 7.0 || 14.5 || 7.0
People Power || || || || || 8.9 ||
Labour || || || || || 8.2 || 5.0
NPP || || || || || 7.6 || 11.7
Civic Passion || || || || || || 9.0
Youngspiration || || || || || || 1.7
Independent and Others || 12.7 || 1.0 || 10.6 || 1.0 || 8.5 || 20.6
Pro-democracy71.266.760.561.354.655.2
Pro-Beijing28.832.338.737.543.044.4

Election results

The largest remainder method (with Hare quota) of the proportional representative electoral system was introduced in 1998, replacing the single-member constituencies of the 1995 election. Elected candidates are shown in bold. Brackets indicate the quota + remainder.

2010s

1 1 1 2 1 2 1

Vote share

  DAB (18.04%)
  NPP (11.71%)
  Civic Passion (9.03%)
  FTU (8.23%)
  Civic (7.02%)
  Democratic (6.91%)
  Labour (5.00%)
  LSD/PP (4.73%)
  NWSC (3.48%)
  ADPL (2.96%)
  Youngspiration (1.65%)
  Liberal (0.24%)
  Politihk SS (0.14%)
  Other (20.72%)
Legislative Election 2016: New Territories West
List Candidates Votes % ±
Nonpartisan Eddie Chu Hoi-dick 84,121 13.94
(11.11+2.83)
N/A
NPP Michael Tien Puk-sun
Wilson Wong Wai-shun, So Ka-man, Jonathan Tsui Hiu-kit, Kam Man-fung, Wyran Cheng Chit-pun, Sammi Fu Hiu-lam
70,646 11.71
(11.11+0.60)
+4.13
DAB Chan Han-pan
Jody Kwok Fu-yung, Dragon Li Sai-lung, Michelle Leung Kar-ming, Jones Chan Chun-chung, Lui Dik-ming, Pau Ming-hong
58,673 9.72 +2.39
Civic Passion Cheng Chung-tai
Cheung Yiu-sum
54,496 9.03 N/A
DAB (NTAS) Leung Che-cheung
Clement Lui Kin, Ken Wong Hon-kuen, Terry Yip Man-pan, Chiu Kwan-siu, Lai Ka-man
50,190 8.32 –0.40
FTU Alice Mak Mei-kuen
Yiu Kwok-wai, Kot Siu-yuen, Ken Fung Pui-yin, Lau Chin-pang
49,680 8.23 +1.16
Civic Kwok Ka-ki
Henry Sin Ho-fai
42,334 7.02 –7.46
Democratic Andrew Wan Siu-kin
Ho Chun-yan, Lee Wing-tat, Catherine Wong Lai-sheung, Lam Siu-fai
41,704 6.91 –4.86
Independent Ho Kwan-yiu 35,657 5.91 +3.74
Labour Lee Cheuk-yan, Chiu Yan-loy 30,149 5.00 –3.22
LSD (People Power) Wong Ho-ming, Albert Chan Wai-yip 28,529 4.73 –6.03
NWSC Wong Yun-tat, Leung Ching-shan, Rayman Chow Wai-hung 20,974 3.48 –5.30
ADPL Frederick Fung Kin-kee 17,872 2.96 N/A
Youngspiration (TSWNF) Wong Chun-kit, Wong Pak-yu 9,928 1.65 N/A
Nonpartisan Carolyn Tong Wing-chi 2,408 0.40 N/A
Nonpartisan Clarice Cheung Wai-ching 2,390 0.40 N/A
Liberal Chow Wing-kan 1,469 0.24 N/A
Christians to the World Hendrick Lui Chi-hang 812 0.13 N/A
Nonpartisan Kwong Koon-wan 810 0.13 N/A
Politihk SS Ko Chi-fai, Innes Tang Tak-shing 604 0.10 N/A
Total valid votes 603,446 100.00
Rejected ballots 9,624
Turnout 613,070 56.43 +5.14
Registered electors 1,086,515
1 1 1 1 1 3 1

Vote share

  DAB (22.82%)
  Civic (14.48%)
  Democratic (11.77%)
  People Power (8.90%)
  NWSC (8.78%)
  Labour (8.22%)
  NPP (7.58%)
  FTU (7.07%)
  Third Force (3.36%)
  LSD (1.86%)
  Other (4.58%)
Legislative Election 2012: New Territories West
List Candidates Votes % ±
Civic Kwok Ka-ki
Audrey Eu Yuet-mee
72,185 14.48
(11.11+3.37)
+7.48
People Power Albert Chan Wai-yip
Jacqueline Chan So-ling, Raymond Lai, Tong Wing-chi
44,355 8.90 +0.80
NWSC Leung Yiu-chung
Wong Yun-tat
43,799 8.78 −1.92
DAB Tam Yiu-chung
Lung Shui-hing, Yip Man-pan, Mo Shing-fung
43,496 8.72 −14.38
Labour Lee Cheuk-yan
Tam Chun-yin
40,967 8.22 −2.38
NPP Michael Tien Puk-sun
Clarice Cheung Wai-ching, Wong Cheuk-kin, Ho Kin-cheong
37,808 7.58 N/A
DAB (NTAS) Chan Han-pan
Poon Chi-shing, Nixie Lam Lam, Chan Chun-chung, Law Kwan, Leung Kar-ming, Tsang Tai
36,555 7.33 N/A
FTU Alice Mak Mei-kuen
Luk Chung-hung, Manwell Chan, Kot Siu-yuen, Tang Cheuk-him
35,239 7.07 −1.93
DAB Leung Che-cheung
Tsang Hin-keung, Lui Kin, Christina Maisenne Lee, Wong Wai-ling, Chui Kwan-siu
33,777 6.77 N/A
Democratic Lee Wing-tat, Lam Lap-chi, Lai King-wai 32,792 6.58 −4.92
Democratic Josephine Chan Shu-ying, Zachary Wong Wai-ying, Li Hung-por, Catherine Wong Lai-sheung, Ho Hang-mui 25,892 5.19 −4.01
Third Force Chan Keung, Ting Yin-wah, So Ka-man, Chow Ping-tim, Tang Ka-leung, Nancy Poon Siu-ping, Raju Gurung 16,767 3.36 N/A
Independent Chan Yut-wah 11,997 2.41 N/A
Independent Ho Kwan-yiu 10,805 2.17 N/A
LSD Tsang Kin-shing 9,280 1.86 N/A
Democratic Alliance Mak Ip-sing 2,896 0.58 N/A
Total valid votes 498,610 100.00
Rejected ballots 7,816
Turnout 506,426 51.29 +9.12
Registered electors 987,333
New Territories West by-election 2010[2]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
LSD Albert Chan Wai-yip 109,609 81.73
Nonpartisan Li Kwai-fong 12,555 9.36
Tertiary 2012 Kwok Wing-kin 6,192 4.62
Independent Chow Ping-tim 3,276 2.44
Nonpartisan Li Sai-hung 2,475 1.85
Majority 97,054 72.37
Total valid votes 134,107 100.00
Rejected ballots 5,256
Turnout 139,363 14.71
Registered electors 947,276
LSD hold Swing

2000s

1 1 1 2 2 1

Vote share

  Democratic (23.2%)
  DAB (23.1%)
  NWSC (10.7%)
  CTU (10.6%)
  FTU (9.0%)
  LSD (8.1%)
  Civic (7.0%)
  Liberal (5.4%)
  ADPL (1.7%)
  Other (1.2%)
Legislative Election 2008: New Territories West[3]
List Candidates Votes % ±
DAB Tam Yiu-chung, Cheung Hok-ming
Leung Che-cheung, Chan Han-pan, Lung Shui-hing, Leung Kar-ming, Andy Lo Kwong-shing, Lui Kin
92,037 23.11
(12.50+10.61)
−1.77
Democratic Lee Wing-tat
Wong Suet-ying, Lam Siu-fat, Cheung Wai-mei, Lam Lap-chi
45,767 11.49 −1.99
NWSC Leung Yiu-chung
Wong Yun-tat
42,441 10.66 −2.04
CTU Lee Cheuk-yan
Tam Chun-yin
42,366 10.64 +0.73
Democratic Ho Chun-yan
Hui Chi-fung, Lo Man-hon
36,764 9.23 −4.25
FTU (DAB) Wong Kwok-hing
Alice Mak Mei-kuen, Marina Tsang Tze-kwan, Tsui Fan, Dennis Leung Tsz-wing, Tang Ka-piu, Yiu Kwok-wai, Manwell Chan
35,991 9.04 N/A
LSD Albert Chan Wai-yip 32,182 8.08 +0.27
Civic Fernando Cheung Chiu-hung, Sumly Chan Yuen-sum, Wong Ka-wa 27,910 7.01 N/A
Liberal Selina Chow Liang Shuk-yee, Chow Wing-kan 21,570 5.42 −5.48
Democratic Cheung Yin-tung, Kwong Chun-yu 10,069 2.53 N/A
ADPL Tandon Lai Chaing, Yeung Chi-hang 6,771 1.70 −1.44
Independent Chow Ping-tim 1,720 0.43 +0.03
Blue Intelligent Union Leung Suet-fong, Thapa Komal 1,366 0.3 N/A
Nonpartisan Yuen Wai-chung 1,338 0.34 N/A
Total valid votes 398,292 100.00
Rejected ballots 2,427
Turnout 400,719 42.49 −10.99
Registered electors 943,161
1 1 2 1 1 2

Vote share

  Democratic (26.9%)
  DAB (24.9%)
  NWSC (12.7%)
  Liberal (10.9%)
  CTU (9.9%)
  ADPL (3.1%)
  New Forum (1.0%)
  Other (10.6%)
Legislative Election 2004: New Territories West[4]
List Candidates Votes % ±
DAB Tam Yiu-chung, Cheung Hok-ming
Leung Che-cheung, Au Yeung Po-chun, Tsui Fan, Chan Han-pan, Andy Lo Kwong-sing, Philip Ng King-wah
115,251 24.87
(12.5+12.37)
−4.71
Democratic Lee Wing-tat
Sumly Chan Yuen-sum
62,500 13.49
(12.5+0.99)
+3.11
Democratic Ho Chun-yan
Cheung Yin-tung
62,342 13.45
(12.5+0.95)
+2.25
NWSC Leung Yiu-chung
Andrew Wan Siu-kin
59,033 12.74
(12.5+0.24)
−4.53
Liberal Selina Chow Liang Shuk-yee 50,437 10.88 +8.14
CTU Lee Cheuk-yan
Ip Ngok-fung
45,725 9.87 −5.32
Independent Albert Chan Wai-yip 36,278 7.83 −4.86
ADPL Yim Tim-sang, Kong Fung-yi, Tai Yin-chiu, Kwun Tung-wing 14,570 3.14 N/A
Nonpartisan Stephen Char Shik-ngor 9,116 1.97 N/A
New Forum Lui Hau-tuen, Siu Shing-choi, Chan Choi-hi 4,511 0.97 N/A
Nonpartisan Ng Tak-leung 1,920 0.41 N/A
Independent Chow Ping-tim 1,725 0.37 N/A
Total valid votes 463,408 100.00
Rejected ballots 3,449
Turnout 466,857 53.48 +9.75
Registered electors 873,031
1 1 2 1 1

Vote share

  Democratic (34.3%)
  DAB/PA (29.6%)
  NWSC (17.3%)
  CTU (15.2%)
  Liberal (2.7%)
  Other (0.9%)
Legislative Election 2000: New Territories West[5]
List Candidates Votes % ±
DAB (Progressive Alliance) Tam Yiu-chung, Tang Siu-tong
Leung Che-cheung, Chau Chuen-heung, Chan Yau-hoi, Au Yeung Po-chun
101,629 29.58
(16.67+12.91)
+10.23
NWSC Leung Yiu-chung 59,348 17.27 +6.97
CTU (Frontier) Lee Cheuk-yan 52,202 15.19 +2.74
Democratic Albert Chan Wai-yip
Cosmas Kwong Kwok-chuen
43,613 12.69 N/A
Democratic Ho Chun-yan
Josephine Chan Shu-ying, Cheung Yuet-lan, Catherine Wong Lai-sheung
38,472 11.20 N/A
Democratic Lee Wing-tat, Wong Bing-kuen 35,648 10.38 N/A
Liberal David Yeung Fuk-kwong 9,408 2.74 +1.9
Nonpartisan Angela Man Yun-fei 3,274 0.95 N/A
Total valid votes 343,594 100.00
Rejected ballots 2,663
Turnout 346,257 43.73 −9.52
Registered electors 791,746

1990s

1 2 1 1

Vote share

  Democratic (39.2%)
  DAB (19.4%)
  Frontier (12.5%)
  ADPL (5.2%)
  Liberal (0.8%)
  123DA (0.8%)
  Other (22.1%)
Legislative Election 1998: New Territories West[6]
List Candidates Votes % ±
Democratic Lee Wing-tat, Ho Chun-yan
Zachary Wong Wai-yin, Josephine Chan Shu-ying
147,098 39.21
(20+19.21)
DAB Tam Yiu-chung
Leung Che-cheung, Chau Chuen-heung, Chan Wan-sang, Hui Chiu-fai
72,587 19.35
Frontier Lee Cheuk-yan
Ip Kwok-fun
46,696 12.45
Nonpartisan Leung Yiu-chung 38,627 10.30
Nonpartisan Lam Wai-keung, Tai Kuen, Chow Ping-tim, Chan Ka-mun, Tso Shiu-wai 25,905 6.91
ADPL Yim Tim-sang 19,500 5.20
Nonpartisan Ting Yin-wah 11,176 2.98
Independent Yeung Fuk-kwong 6,428 1.71
Liberal Paul Chan Sing-kong, Liu Kwong-sang, Wong Kwok-keung 3,138 0.84
123DA Yum Sin-ling, Christopher Chu, Mak Ip-sing, Shung King-fai 3,050 0.81
Pioneer Lam Chi-leung 968 0.26
Total valid votes 375,173 100.00
Rejected ballots 2,042
Turnout 377,215 53.25
Registered electors 708,443

1995 Constituencies

New Territories Central

Legislative Election 1995: New Territories Central[7]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Albert Chan Wai-yip 25,303 74.79
Independent Tam Tai-on 4,433 13.10
Independent Ng Wai-kwong 4,097 12.11
Majority 20,870 61.69
Total valid votes 33,833 100.00
Rejected ballots 479
Turnout 34,312 29.36
Registered electors 116,851
Democratic win (new seat)

New Territories North-west

Legislative Election 1995: New Territories North-west[8]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Zachary Wong Wai-yin 21,527 50.07
Independent Tang Siu-tong 21,470 49.93
Majority 57 0.06
Total valid votes 42,997 100.00
Rejected ballots 349
Turnout 43,346 38.09
Registered electors 113,799
Democratic win (new seat)

New Territories South

Legislative Election 1995: New Territories South[9]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Sin Chung-kai 26,048 70.74
Independent Hui Chiu-fai 8,179 22.21
Pioneer Lam Chi-leung 2,594 7.04
Majority 17,869 48.53
Total valid votes 36,821 100.00
Rejected ballots 567
Turnout 37,388 27.23
Registered electors 137,318
Democratic win (new seat)

New Territories South-west

Legislative Election 1995: New Territories South-west[10]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Lee Wing-tat 29,801 65.35
ADPL Ting Yin-wah 15,798 34.65
Majority 14,003 30.70
Total valid votes 45,599 100.00
Rejected ballots 450
Turnout 46,049 34.97
Registered electors 131,698
Democratic win (new seat)

New Territories West

Legislative Election 1995: New Territories West[11]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Ho Chun-yan 25,255 54.23
ADPL Yim Tin-sang 15,166 32.56
Independent Chan Wan-sang 6,152 13.21
Majority 10,089 21.67
Total valid votes 46,573 100.00
Rejected ballots 342
Turnout 46,915 34.17
Registered electors 137,316
Democratic win (new seat)

1991 Constituencies

Dual-seat constituency dual vote system was used with two seats to be filled in each constituency.

New Territories South

Legislative Election 1991: New Territories South
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
United Democrats Lee Wing-tat 52,192 32.0
United Democrats Albert Chan Wai-yip 42,164 25.9
NWSC Leung Yiu-chung 38,568 23.7
PHKS Yeung Fuk-kwong 30,095 18.5
Turnout 91,780 37.0
United Democrats win (new seat)
United Democrats win (new seat)

New Territories West

Two by-elections were held on 8 December 1991 and 30 August 1992 for the Tai Chin-wah's seat taken away by the court and Ng Ming-yam died in office respectively.

New Territories West by-election 1992
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent Tang Siu-tong 33,038 51.3 +16.7
United Democrats Ho Chun-yan 30,466 47.3
Independent Sui See-chun 743 1.2
Majority 2,572 4.0
Total valid votes 64,247 100.0
Independent gain from United Democrats Swing
New Territories West by-election 1991
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Meeting Point Zachary Wong Wai-yin 21,559 39.5 +20.5
Independent Tang Siu-tong 18,858 34.6 +18.3
ADPL Yim Tin-sang 7,780 14.3
Independent Kingsley Sit Ho-yin 5,745 10.5
Majority 2,701 4.9
Total valid votes 53,942 100.0
Rejected ballots 592
Turnout 54,534 27.4
Registered electors 198,812
Meeting Point gain from FSHK Swing
Legislative Election 1991: New Territories West
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
United Democrats Stephen Ng Ming-yam 42,319 29.4
FSHK Tai Chin-wah 30,871 21.5
Meeting Point Zachary Wong Wai-yin 27,243 19.0
Independent Tang Siu-tong 23,389 16.3
LDF Tso Shiu-wai 20,018 14.0
Turnout 81,468 41.0
United Democrats win (new seat)
FSHK win (new seat)

1985–88 Electoral Colleges

New Territories (South)

Legislative Election 1988: New Territories (South)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Nonpartisan Daniel Lam Wai-keung 38 38.78 -6.38
PHKS Yeung Fuk-kwong 31 31.63 -23.21
ADPL Richard Lai Sung-lung 20 20.41
PHKS William Wan Hon-cheung 9 9.18
Nonpartisan gain from ADPL Swing
Legislative Election 1985: New Territories (South)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Nonpartisan Richard Lai Sung-lung 34 54.84
Nonpartisan Daniel Lam Wai-keung 28 45.16
Nonpartisan John Ho Tung-ching 0 0
Nonpartisan win (new seat)

New Territories (West)

Legislative Election 1988: New Territories (West)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Nonpartisan Tai Chin-wah 27 60 +5
Nonpartisan William Man For-tai 18 40 -5
Nonpartisan hold Swing
Legislative Election 1985: New Territories (West)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Nonpartisan Tai Chin-wah 22 55
Nonpartisan William Man For-tai 18 45
Nonpartisan Alfred Tso Shiu-wai 0 0
Nonpartisan Kingsley Sit Ho-yin 0 0
Nonpartisan Tang Siu-tong 0 0
Nonpartisan win (new seat)

See also

References

  1. "Voter Registration Statistics". Hong Kong Government. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
  2. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 13 May 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2012.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. "2008 Legislative Election". Electoral Affairs Commission. 8 September 2008. Archived from the original on 16 June 2012. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
  4. "2004 Legislative Election". Electoral Affairs Commission. 15 December 2004. Archived from the original on 30 August 2011. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
  5. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2 May 2012. Retrieved 16 June 2002.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/199805/25/0525201.htm
  7. http://ebook.lib.hku.hk/HKG/B35838851.pdf
  8. http://ebook.lib.hku.hk/HKG/B35838851.pdf
  9. http://ebook.lib.hku.hk/HKG/B35838851.pdf
  10. http://ebook.lib.hku.hk/HKG/B35838851.pdf
  11. http://ebook.lib.hku.hk/HKG/B35838851.pdf

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