Nevėžis

The Nevėžis (Lithuanian: [nʲɛˈvʲěːʑɪs] (listen)) is the sixth longest river in Lithuania and one of the main tributaries of the Nemunas. Its length is 209 km (130 mi), and it flows only within the geographical confines of Lithuania.[1] It is the second longest river in Lithuania, after the Šventoji, that flows exclusively within its borders. Its source is in the Anykščiai District Municipality, and the river first flows in a northwesterly direction, but then at Panevėžys turns towards the southwest, and passing Kėdainiai, flows into the Neman just west of Kaunas near Raudondvaris.

For other uses, see Nevėžis (disambiguation).
Nevėžis
Nevėžis lower course in Kaunas District Municipality
Map of Nevėžis
Location
CountryLithuania
Physical characteristics
Source 
 • locationParaisčiai Mire, Anykščiai District Municipality
MouthNeman in Raudondvaris
 • coordinates
54.9319°N 23.7546°E / 54.9319; 23.7546
Length209 km (130 mi)
Basin size6,140 km2 (2,370 sq mi)
Discharge 
 • average33.2 m3/s (1,170 cu ft/s)
Basin features
ProgressionNeman→ Baltic Sea
Tributaries 
 • leftAlanta, Juoda, Upytė, Linkava, Obelis, Barupė, Gynia
 • rightJuosta, Kiršinas, Liaudė, Kruostas, Dotnuvėlė, Smilga, Šušvė, Aluona, Strūna

Name

There is a popular misconception that the name Nevėžis means "a river without crayfishes" because vėžys is the Lithuanian word for crayfish and ne means "no". In fact, the Nevėžis is known for its variety of fauna which include crayfish. Other ethimology suggested from proto-Baltic *nevēźā- (ex. Lithuainian ne-vežti 'not to carry') and means 'slow, not-conveying river'.[2] The name Nevėžis is likely derived from a Finnish word nevo meaning "swamp".[3] The upper river has swampy banks.[4]

The river gave name to many things including Panevėžys, the fifth largest city in Lithuania. Its name means "[Town] near Nevėžis." FK Nevėžis and KK Nevėžis are also named after the river. The Nevėžis is important in Lithuanian culture because it flows through the middle of Lithuania. During the Middle Ages, the river was considered to be a natural border between two regions of Lithuania: Samogitia and Aukštaitija.

History
Main article: Treaty of Salynas

Natural environment
The river in Kėdainiai

Nevėžis has about seventy tributaries. The largest are:

In 1992, the Krekenava Regional Park was established in order to preserve the Middle Nevėžis ecosystem and natural surroundings. The park is unique because it breeds and tries to protect from extinction wisents, the European bison.

Even with two canals supplying Nevėžis with water, it becomes very shallow during a drier summer. Regularly it is between 4 and 9 meters deep. In more recent years, a number of grass carp was introduced to the river for aquatic weed control. The Nevėžis, due to its low level of water, slow current, and influx of the run-off of fertilizers from agriculture, was becoming more and more overgrown with weeds.[5] It was hoped that the introduction of grass carp would help to control the process. Critics argued that the fish would not survive in the relatively cold climate. However, local fishermen still catch carp introduced several years ago.

Canals
River Basin
The river in Kėdainiai district municipality

The Nevėžis is connected with two other large rivers by canals. In order to reduce floods on the Lėvuo river, the Sanžilė Canal was dug in 1930. A draft to connect these rivers was first written in 1797. The location was very convenient: about 9,000 years ago Nevėžis was a tributary to Lėvuo. The land between the rivers was low and there was a small Sanžilė rivulet which could serve as the basis for the new canal. In the 19th century the Neman delta belonged to the Germans. This was an obstacle in trading. The Russian Empire was looking for ways to direct ships from the Neman directly to the port of Riga. The plan was abandoned because of insufficient funds. The idea was revisited again in 1914, the preparations for construction started but were interrupted by World War I. After reclaiming the origin of the Lėvuo, heavy rains would cause the flood of as many as twenty villages. It was decided to dig an 8 km length canal. In 1961-63 another canal connecting the Nevėžis with the Šventoji was finished. It is 12 km in length. There is a pumping station near Kavarskas to supply the canal with water.


References
  1. Statistical Yearbook of Lithuania 2014, p. 12
  2. Vytautas Mažiulis, PKEŽ III 164–166
  3. Жучкевич В. А. Краткий топонимический словарь Белоруссии. Minsk, 1974. p. 253.
  4. Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона. St. Petersburg, 1897. vol. 20, p. 810.
  5. https://stories.balticseacityaccelerator.com/blogs/2016/11/15/how-can-inland-cities-benefit-from-investing-in-measures-to-improve-the-health-of-the-baltic-sea
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