Nelsonic Industries

Nelsonic Industries was an electronics manufacturing and development company that operated from Long Island City, Queens, New York City[2] in the early 1980s and throughout the 1990s when it was acquired by the watch-manufacturer, M.Z. Berger. Nelsonic produced numerous toy-themed wristwatches, often targeting younger audiences with likenesses of characters from popular franchises such as Barbie, the Ghostbusters, and Mario. Nelsonic became notable during the early mid-1980s for being the first electronics company in the United States to produce game-watches (multi-purpose electronic devices capable of functioning as both a time-piece and as a typically electronic game).[2] For a period subsequent to its purchase by M.Z. Berger, Nelsonic operated as a subsidiary division of its parent company and game-watches were produced that bore the Nelsonic mark. This practice ended as M.Z. Berger shifted focus to more traditional and higher-end timepieces. Today the original Nelsonic Game Watch line has entered the secondary market and individual Game Watches have become highly sought-after collectibles that often fetch high prices on eBay and other online auction websites.[3][4]

Nelsonic Industries
IndustryElectronic watches
Founded1981 (1981)
Defunct1999 (1999)
Headquarters
Long Island City, Queens New York City, New York
,
U.S.

History

Throughout its existence, Nelsonic produced pop-culture-themed wrist-watches for children and young adults. The chronograph digital watches, typically made of molded plastic, invariably featured an alarm and utilized LCD screens to display the time for their wearers.[5] In time the company began manufacturing multi-purpose units that used the LCD screen to combine time display functions with simple video game functions.[nb 1] These simple video games were variations on the theme of the calculator watch, and the patent covering the Game Watch line is in fact classified as an "electronic calculator watch structure."[7] The company's first game watch was called Space Attacker.[8] Becoming the first electronics manufacturer in the United States to produce game-watches, Nelsonic earned a large share in this specialized market and was able to earn the attention of large video game companies at events such as the Consumer Electronics Show.[2] Having caught the popular attention and with goodwill at a high-point, Nelsonic was able to obtain licensing from several big-name video game companies such as Sega,[9] Nintendo,[10][11] Midway Games,[12] and Mylstar Electronics.[13] With roots in the toy market, Nelsonic was also able to obtain similar licenses to produce LCD versions of popular electronic toys like Milton Bradley's Simon[14] as well as to produce original LCD games for non-game toy franchises like Barbie,[15] G.I. Joe,[16] and Power Rangers[17] and even for film and TV franchises such as Ghostbusters.[18] So well-known became the Nelsonic brand that it was even able to license its own original games (such as the Nelsonic version of the public-domain blackjack which was licensed to Caesars Palace).[19]

As time progressed, Nelsonic experimented with higher-end products such as metal watches and increasingly complex game-watch designs. In 1990 the watch-making giant, M.Z. Berger, made a large bid and was able to successfully purchase the company.[20] For a period of nearly a decade after this acquisition, M.Z. Berger continued to use Nelsonic as a subsidiary branch and to employ the Nelsonic mark in the release of game-watches and the production of new re-releases of popular models from the 1980s and early 1990s.[nb 2] By the end of the 1990s, however, public interest had waned (quite possibly due to the rise in popularity of more advanced handheld video game consoles and, eventually, of other portable computing devices, such as PDAs and smartphones) and this practice came to an end as M.Z. Berger shifted markets to target higher end consumers more exclusively.

Today the Nelsonic mark is still in use for traditional watches and is not used in connection with game-watches. It is still a subsidiary of M.Z. Berger and as recently as 2007 it was listed by the AAFES as garnering over $1.9 million in sales.[22]

Game watches

Below is a list of units sold by Nelsonic as part of their Game Watch line. Also included are game-watches sold under the term "Wrist Game" (e.g. Ghost Busters), "Action Watch Game" (e.g. Barbie), and "Gamewatch Boy" (e.g. Super Mario Race).

Nelsonic Game Watches
TitleDateLicensed byBased onNotesReferences
Barbie Tennis 1990 MattelBarbie[15][23][24]
Baseball BaseballCame with a separately detachable Nelsonic brand 5×16mm monocular to aid in viewing the small screen.[25]
Black Jack BlackjackLater re-released under license to Caesars Palace where it was sold in their gift shop as Caesars Palace Black Jack (also described as Caesars Black Jack on the box)[19][26]
Bo Bear [27]
Dinky Dino's Watch 1997A digital pet game similar to the Tamagotchi, this Game Watch was also released under the name Dinopet.[28]
Donkey Kong 1994NintendoDonkey Kong[29][30][31]
Football Association footballThis unit was simultaneously released in the United States as Soccer,[32][33] and was later re-released in at least one other different style of physical layout.[34]
Frogger 1983SegaFrogger[9][35][36][37]
Ghostbusters 1990Columbia PicturesGhostbustersAlso described on the box as The Real Ghostbusters.[18][38][39]
G. I. Joe: A Real American Hero 1990HasbroG.I. Joe[16]
Grand Prix Casio Auto racing[40]
Luigi's Hammer Toss 1990 Nintendo Super Mario Bros. 2 Released in black under the name Luigi's Hammer Toss in North America[41] and simply called Luigi in Japan.[nb 3] Offered in some Japanese McDonald's restaurants. First game to feature Luigi as the only main playable character. [42][43][44][45]
Major League Baseball Major League Baseball[46][47]
Melody Car Racing Auto racingCame with a separately detachable Nelsonic brand 5×15mm monocular to aid in viewing the small screen.[48]
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers 1994Saban EntertainmentPower Rangers[17][49]
Ms. Pac Man 1982Ms. Pac-Man[50][51]
Pac Man 1982Midway GamesPac-ManThis game retailed for between $25 and $35 and quickly became one of the most popular Nelsonic Game Watches, selling over 500,000 units.[2] This unit was released with several different faceplate graphics and at least 2 different styles of physical layout - one with 4 directional buttons and the other with a small joystick that could be assembled.[1][12][52]
Poochie Watch 1997[53]
Princess Toadstool's Castle Run 1990 NintendoSuper Mario Bros. 2Released in yellow under the name Princess Toadstool's Castle Run in North America[54][55] and simply called Peach in Japan.[nb 4] Offered in some Japanese McDonald's restaurants. First game to feature Peach as the only main playable character.[56][57][55][58][59]
Q*Bert 1983Mylstar ElectronicsQ*Bert[13][60][61][37]
Race Car Auto racing[62][63]
Sea Ranger Aldo [64][65]
Simon Milton Bradley CompanySimon[66][67]
Space Attacker 1981The game was also released under the name Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan[68] by Collins Industrial Co.,[69] under the name Cosmic Wars by Majestron,[70] and the layout was used in the pornographic Sexum Watch (another third party release).[71] The game was re-released by Nelsonic in 1983 as Space Wars,[72] and versions of the game exist in black plastic and metal variants.[73][74]
Star Fox 1993NintendoStar FoxThe game was released by Nelsonic simultaneously in Europe as Starwing[75] and was re-released with at least 2 different styles of physical layout. Some versions came with a headphone jack and headphones.[76][77]
Super Mario Bros. 1989NintendoSuper Mario Bros.Released in white and black colors. Also released under the title Mario Bros.[78] This game came with a headphone jack and headphones.[10][79][80][81][82]
Super Mario 3 1990NintendoSuper Mario Bros. 3Also described on the watchband as Super Mario Bros. 3. Released in black, white, red and pink color versions. Released in Europe in December 1992 by Zeon.[83][84][85][86]
Super Mario Bros. 4 1991NintendoSuper Mario WorldAlso described on the watchband as Super Mario World. This game came with a headphone jack and headphones.[87][88]
Super Mario Race 1992NintendoSuper Mario KartFront side of package uses the Japanese front cover art of the Game Boy version of F-1 Race.[89]
Tank Battle 1982Also released under the titles Plane & Tank Battle and Tank & Plane Battle.[90][91]
Tetris 1990NintendoTetrisVery well received by critics. Released in black, white, red and pink versions. Released in Europe in December 1992 by Zeon.[85][92][93][94][95]
The Legend of Zelda 1989NintendoThe Legend of ZeldaReleased in black, red, white, and pink versions. Released in Europe in December 1992 by Zeon.[85][96][97][98]
The Maze Watch LabyrinthOne of the earliest Nelsonic Game Watches, the game portion of this unit is a physical (non-electronic) Labyrinth.[99]

See also
  • Game & Watch - A line of LCD games produced by Nintendo from 1980 to 1991. This series is often confused with the Nelsonic Game Watch series due to the similar names (Nelsonic's "Game Watch" compared to Nintendo's "Game & Watch") and the overlapping subject matter (due to Nintendo's having licensed several of its popular franchises to Nelsonic).
  • Elgin National Watch Company - Another former watch-company that is now owned by M.Z. Berger and is thus a sibling subsidiary to Nelsonic.
  • Waltham Watch Company - Another sibling subsidiary to Nelsonic.
  • Gruen Watch Co. - Another sibling subsidiary to Nelsonic.
  • Unisonic Products Corporation - Another manufacturer of game watches.

Notes
  1. Although the use of the term "video game" is only possible in its loosest sense, it has been suggested that the term is properly used in the discussion of games (such as those produced by Nelsonic) that appear on a screen and that are analogous to the simple arcade games of which they are versions.[6]
  2. Under M.Z. Berger, the Nelsonic name was also used on various non-juvenile-market watches that lacked the video game element. One notable example is the Nelsonic Cache Watch which between 1996 and 1999, produced over $11 million in sales.[21]
  3. ルイージ (Luigi) on the Japanese packaging.
  4. ピーチ姫 (Peach Hime) on the Japanese packaging.

References
  1. The Official Midway's Pac-Man by Nelsonic: Game Watch Instruction Manual. T.M. Midway Mfg. Co. Nelsonic. 1982.
  2. Shea, Tom. Shrinking Pac-Man Leads game-wristwatch market. InfoWorld. pp44-45. 20 December 1982.
  3. Rinker, Harry L. Price Guide to Flea Market Treasures. Chilton Book Company. ISBN 978-0-87069-748-7. May 1997.
  4. Huxford, Bob. Schroeder's Antiques Price Guide. ISBN 978-1-57432-632-1. 4 August 2009.
  5. Refac Electronics Corp. v. A & B Beacon Business Machines Corp. 695 F.Supp. 753 (S.D.N.Y., 1988).
  6. Wolf, Mark J. P. The video game explosion: a history from PONG to Playstation and beyond. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-33868-7. 30 November 2007.
  7. US 3955355
  8. Crecente, Brian Cigarettes, Space Invaders and the birth of the game watch
  9. "Handheld Museum- Nelsonic Frogger". Handheld Museum. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  10. "Handheld Museum- Nelsonic Super Mario Bros". Handheld Museum. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  11. Licensing from Nintendo was obtained in 1985. See Dyer, Clinton R. Handheld Games FAQ. rec.games.video.classic 4 January 1998. See also Nintendo of America. Game and Watch. 25 February 2008.
  12. "Handheld Museum- Nelsonic Pac Man". Handheld Museum. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  13. "Handheld Museum- Nelsonic Q*Bert". Handheld Museum. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  14. Nolting, Jürgen; and Hoffmann, Eckhard. Simonaa 4 - Ein Computerprogramm zur Untersuchung der audio-visuellen Koordination. Messtechnik - Hörakustik. May 2007.
  15. "Great Game Database- Nelsonic Barbie Action". Great Game Database. Archived from the original on 2011-07-11. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  16. "Handheld Museum- Nelsonic G. I. Joe". Handheld Museum. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  17. "Handheld Museum- Nelsonic Power Rangers". Handheld Museum. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  18. "Great Game Database- 1990 Nelsonic Real Ghostbusters, The". Great Game Database. Archived from the original on 2011-07-11. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  19. "Handheld Museum- Nelsonic Caesar's Palace Black Jack". Handheld Museum. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  20. Werner, Holly M. U.S. Industries completes additional sale of Spartus assets; Sale of Waltham Clock trademark and inventory for $1,000,000. Business Wire. 8 May 1996.
  21. Cache, Inc. v. M.Z. Berger & Co. 2001 WL 38283, at *3 (S.D.N.Y., 2001).
  22. AAFES 2007 Million Dollar Vendor List US Sales Corp. 2007.
  23. "The Barbie Tennis Game Watch". www.gamewatchguys.com. Retrieved 2020-05-10.
  24. "12 Of The Best Handheld Electronic Games From The 1980s". Eighties Kids. 2018-06-13. Retrieved 2020-05-12. Nelsonic produced numerous toy-themed wrist-watches during their existence, often targeting younger audiences with likenesses of characters from popular franchises such as Barbie, the Ghostbusters, and Mario.
  25. "Game Watch Guys - The Baseball Watch". Game Watch Guys. Retrieved 2014-01-22.
  26. "Handheld Museum- Nelsonic Black Jack". Handheld Museum. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  27. "Great Game Database- Nelsonic Bo Bear". Great Game Database. Archived from the original on 2011-07-11. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  28. "Great Game Database- 1997 Nelsonic Dinky Dino Watch". Great Game Database. Archived from the original on 2011-07-11. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  29. "Handheld Museum- Nelsonic Donkey Kong". Handheld Museum. Retrieved 2009-02-27.
  30. "Mini Arcade- Donkey Kong, Wrist Watch". Mini Arcade. Retrieved 2009-02-27.
  31. "Great Game Database- Nelsonic Donkey Kong". Great Game Database. Archived from the original on 2011-07-11. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  32. "Handheld Museum- Nelsonic Soccer". Handheld Museum. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  33. "Great Game Database- Nelsonic Soccer". Great Game Database. Archived from the original on 2011-07-11. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  34. "Handheld Museum- Nelsonic Football". Handheld Museum. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  35. "Frogger (wristwatch)". IGN.com. Archived from the original on 2011-06-10. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  36. "Great Game Database- 1983 Nelsonic Frogger". Great Game Database. Archived from the original on 2011-07-11. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  37. Sharpe, Roger C. "Watch Words." Video Games Magazine. Vol.1, No.12. P.12. September 1983.
  38. "Handheld Museum- Nelsonic Ghostbusters". Handheld Museum. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  39. G, Matt; writer, er Matt is Games Asylum's most prolific. "The history of Ghostbusters LCD games". Finally, we have a Ghostbusters LCD wristwatch game from Nelsonic. Although it appears to tie-in with the original movie, due to featuring a library as a backdrop, it’s based on The Real Ghostbusters.
  40. "Liquid Crystal - Nelsonic Grand Prix". Liquid Crystal. Retrieved 2015-05-07.
  41. "The Luigi's Hammer Toss Game Watch". www.gamewatchguys.com. Retrieved 2020-05-10. LUIGI'S HAMMER TOSS WATCH!
  42. "Luigi's Mansion: la revolución del segundón". MeriStation (in Spanish). 2019-10-21. Retrieved 2020-05-10. Se aprecia ya desde Mario is Missing!, segundo título que protagonizó tras su primer liderazgo en el Luigi’s Hammer Toss
  43. Carozzi, Victor. "De coadjuvantes a heróis: a vez dos "secundários" da série Mario brilharem". Nintendo Blast. Retrieved 2020-05-12. Além dele há o Luigi’s Hammer Toss, jogo lançado para o Nelsonic Game Watch, um relógio que você podia jogar um minigame que já vinha embutido, demais, né? O game mais parecia um dos jogos do Game & Watch, no qual Luigi não podia deixar um martelo cair no chão.
  44. "Mario Is Missing! tra dieci minuti vuole vedervi tutti in acido | Racconti dall'ospizio". Outcast (in Italian). Retrieved 2020-05-12. Allo stesso modo, vale pure la pena di notare che Mario Is Missing! è la prima avventura standalone “grossa” dedicata a Luigi, visto che Luigi’s Mansion è del 2001, anche se il puntalcazzismo mi impone di precisare che non rappresenta la prima volta in assoluto del baffone verde, dal momento che quel titolo spetta a un altro titolo (ahah!). Mi riferisco a Luigi's Hammer Toss, del 1991, un “Nelsonic Game Watch” prodotto dall’omonima azienda newyorkese, che all’epoca era riuscita a strappare a Nintendo il diritto di ricavare dai suoi personaggi sette minigiochi visualizzati su display LCD e montati su un bracciale a mo’ di orologi da polso.
  45. "Luigi y sus mejores apariciones en videojuegos de Nintendo". MeriStation (in Spanish). 2018-10-19. Retrieved 2020-05-12.
  46. "Handheld Museum- Nelsonic Baseball". Handheld Museum. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  47. "Great Game Database- Nelsonic Baseball". Great Game Database. Archived from the original on 2011-07-11. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  48. "Great Game Database- Nelsonic Melody Car Racing". Great Game Database. Archived from the original on 2011-07-11. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  49. "Great Game Database- Nelsonic Power Rangers". Great Game Database. Archived from the original on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  50. "Handheld Museum- Nelsonic Watch Games". Handheld Museum. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  51. "The Ms Pacman Game Watch". www.gamewatchguys.com. Retrieved 2020-05-10.
  52. "Great Game Database- Nelsonic Pac-Man". Great Game Database. Archived from the original on 2011-07-11. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  53. "Great Game Database- 1997 Nelsonic Poochie Watch". Great Game Database. Archived from the original on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  54. "Portable Plumber: The Complete History of Mario in Handheld Games". Complex. Retrieved 2020-05-10. goes by the name, Princess Toadstool's Castle Run Game.
  55. "The Castle Run Game Watch". www.gamewatchguys.com. Retrieved 2020-05-10. This is the rare Princess Toadstool Castle run game watch.
  56. "Portable Plumber: The Complete History of Mario in Handheld Games". Complex. Retrieved 2019-11-11. For those wondering what the hell happened to Super Mario Bros. 2 on the Nelsonic Game Watch Line, well, it's extremely rare, features Princess Toadstool (fun Fact: It's the first game to ever feature her as a playable character).
  57. "Handheld Museum- Nelsonic Super Mario Bros. 2". Handheld Museum. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  58. MB, Frankie (2020-05-10). "Super Princess Peach, un alegre cambio de papeles para la serie de Mario Bros. con buenos cimientos para una secuela". Vidaextra (in Spanish). Retrieved 2020-05-12. Técnicamente, Super Princess Peach no fue el primer juego producido por Nintendo en el que la princesa de la serie Super Mario recibía todo el protagonismo, dado que ese honor pertenece a Princess Toadstool's Castle Run, una maquinita de LCD promocional de McDonald’s presentada bajo la forma de un reloj de muñeca. Lógicamente, su segunda aventura en solitario es mucho más interesante.
  59. Carozzi, Victor. "De coadjuvantes a heróis: a vez dos "secundários" da série Mario brilharem". Nintendo Blast. Retrieved 2020-05-12. Assim como Luigi, a nossa amada princesa também teve o seu primeiro game solo no pioneiro relógio Nelsonic Game Watch. Nesse jogo, Peach, que ainda se chama Princess Toadstool, deve desviar dos obstáculos à sua frente para chegar em seu castelo.
  60. "Q*bert (wristwatch)". IGN.com. Archived from the original on 2011-06-10. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  61. "Great Game Database- Nelsonic Q*bert". Great Game Database. Archived from the original on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  62. "Handheld Museum- Nelsonic Race Car". Handheld Museum. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  63. "Great Game Database- Nelsonic Race Car". Great Game Database. Archived from the original on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  64. "Handheld Museum- Nelsonic Sea Ranger". Handheld Museum. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  65. "The Sea Ranger Game Watch". www.gamewatchguys.com. Retrieved 2020-05-10.
  66. "Handheld Museum- Nelsonic Simon". Handheld Museum. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  67. "Great Game Database- Nelsonic Simon". Great Game Database. Archived from the original on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  68. "Great Game Database- Nelsonic Star Trek II". Great Game Database. Archived from the original on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  69. "Handheld Museum- Collins Industrial Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan Video Game Watch". Handheld Museum. Retrieved 2010-03-22.
  70. "Handheld Museum- Majestron- Cosmic Wars". Handheld Museum. Retrieved 2010-03-22.
  71. Magical Gadgets, Sightings & Brags Archived 2010-02-10 at the Wayback Machine. Pocket Calculator Show. 2002.
  72. "Great Game Database- 1983 Nelsonic Space Wars". Great Game Database. Archived from the original on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  73. "Handheld Museum- Nelsonic Space Attacker". Handheld Museum. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  74. Crecente, Brian (7 December 2015). "Time Killers: The Strange History of Wrist Gaming". Polygon. Vox Media. Retrieved 2019-12-10.
  75. Kitan, Kitt. The Nintendo Watch. ScrewAttack. 28 October 2008.
  76. "Handheld Museum- Nelsonic Star Fox". Handheld Museum. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  77. "Star Fox (wristwatch)". IGN.com. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  78. "Mario Bros. (wristwatch)". IGN.com. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  79. "Mini Arcade- Mario Bros, Wrist Watch". Mini Arcade. Retrieved 2009-02-27.
  80. Kusanagi, Kain. It's a Watch & a Game (1989 Super Mario Bros. Game Watch). ScrewAttack. 29 October 2008.
  81. "Super Mario Bros. (wristwatch)". IGN.com. Archived from the original on 2009-05-05. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  82. "Great Game Database- Nelsonic Super Mario Bros". Great Game Database. Archived from the original on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  83. "Handheld Museum- Nelsonic Super Mario Bros. 3". Handheld Museum. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  84. "Super Mario Brothers 3 Game & Watch (wristwatch)". IGN.com. Archived from the original on 2007-12-29. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  85. Bielby, Matt, ed. No. 1 Nintendo Game Watches. Super Play. Issue 2. Pg. 21. December 1992
  86. "7 Awesome Portable Electronic Games of the 1990s". PC Magazine. Retrieved 2020-05-10.
  87. "Handheld Museum- Nelsonic Super Mario Bros. 4". Handheld Museum. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  88. "Great Game Database- Nelsonic Super Mario Bros. 4". Great Game Database. Archived from the original on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  89. "Handheld Museum- Nelsonic Super Mario Race". Handheld Museum. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  90. "Handheld Museum- Nelsonic Tanks & Planes Battle". Handheld Museum. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  91. "Great Game Database- Nelsonic Plane & Tank Battle". Great Game Database. Archived from the original on 2011-07-11. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  92. "Handheld Museum- Nelsonic Tetris". Handheld Museum. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  93. "Tetris (wristwatch)". IGN.com. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  94. "Great Game Database- Nelsonic Tetris". Great Game Database. Archived from the original on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  95. Tetris Game Watch: From Russia with Fun (box packaging). Nintendo. Nelsonic. 1990.
  96. "Handheld Museum- Nelsonic Zelda". Handheld Museum. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  97. "The Legend of Zelda Game Watch". IGN.com. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  98. "Great Game Database- 1989 Nelsonic Legend of Zelda, The". Great Game Database. Archived from the original on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  99. "Handheld Museum- Nelsonic The Maze Watch". Handheld Museum. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
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